Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles...

29
Solutions True Solutions : A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute particles are of molecular dimensions . Such dispersed particles dissolve in solution to form a homogenous system . These do not settle down when the solution is left standing. The particles are invisible even under powerful microscopes and cannot be separated through filter pape r , parchment paper or animal membranes. For example, sodium chloride in water is a true solution. Most ionic compounds form true solutions in water. Organic compounds like sugar and urea also form true solutions in water.

TAGS:

Transcript of Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles...

Page 1: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Solutions

True Solutions:A true solution is a homogeneous solution in

which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute particles are of molecular dimensions.

Such dispersed particles dissolve in solution to form a homogenous system. These do not settle down when the solution is left standing. The particles are invisible even under powerful microscopes and cannot be separated through filter paper ,parchment paper or animal membranes. For example, sodium chloride in water is a true solution. Most ionic compounds form true solutions in water. Organic compounds like sugar and urea also form true solutions in water.

Page 2: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Suspensions

Suspensions consist of particles of a solid suspended in a liquid medium. Suspensions are systems with two distinct phases. The particles in suspensions are bigger than 100 nm to 200 nm across. The particles of a suspension may not be visible to the naked eye but are visible under a microscope. Suspensions are heterogeneous systems. They stay only for a limited period i.e. these are not stable as the particles have a tendency to settle down under the influence of gravity. The particles of a suspension can neither pass through ordinary filter paper nor through animal membranes.

Examples of suspensions are sodium chloride in benzene, silver chloride, barium sulphate or sand in water.

Page 3: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Colloidal solution or colloidal state or colloidal dispersion

They represent an intermediate kind of a mixture between true solution and suspension. The size of a colloidal particle lies roughly between 1-100 nm. Colloids are also a two-phase heterogeneous system consisting of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium.

Page 4: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Colloidal solution or colloidal state or colloidal dispersion

Since the dispersed phase in a colloidal system is uniformly distributed in the dispersion medium, the colloidal state appears homogenous to the naked eye or even an ordinary microscope (due to particles being invisible). However it is a heterogeneous dispersion of two immiscible phases and this is proved by viewing it under an ultra-microscope, where the light reflected by colloidal particles can be seen. Colloidal particles do not settle down under gravity: a colloidal solution of gold prepared by Faraday over 125 years ago continues to be in excellent condition even today. Colloids can pass through ordinary filter paper but do not pass through animal membranes.

 

Page 5: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Difference Between True Solutions, Suspensions and Colloidal Solutions

Page 6: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 7: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

solutions colloids suspensions

< 1 nm > 100 nm

transparent with Tyndall effect

translucent(cloudy)

molecular motion Brownian motion- colloidal particles moved by solvent

movement by gravity

coagulation – can settle

never settle

transparent(clear)

http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/Solutions.ppt

http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/Solutions.ppt
Page 8: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Lecture 1

Colloids

Page 9: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

colloid (kŏl'oid) [Gr.,=glue like], a mixture in which one substance is divided into minute particles (called colloidal particles) and dispersed throughout a second substance.

The mixture is also called a colloidal system, colloidal solution, or colloidal dispersion.

Familiar colloids include fog, smoke, homogenized milk.

Page 10: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

A system in which one substance (the disperse phase), is dispersed as particles throughout another (the dispersion medium).

Disperse systems

Page 11: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Classification of dispersed systems

Particle diameter

< 10-9 m 10-9 - 10-6 m > 10-6 m

Homogenous Colloid Non homogenous

mixture mixtures

Particles are not resolved by ordinary microscope although they may be detected under ultra-microscope

Visible in the electron microscopePass through filter paper but don’t pass through

semi-permeable membraneDiffuse very slowly

Page 12: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 13: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 14: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 15: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 16: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Colloid system can be classified as:• Lyophobic sols: these sols are "solvent hating", • are thermodynamically unstable, the particles tend to aggregate,

they are irreversible systems.• Unstable in presence of even small conc. of electrolytes leading to

aggregation, depends on type, valency and concentration of counter ion of electrolyte

• Stability controlled by charge of particles• Little interaction between particles and dispersion medium.• Viscosity of the dispersion medium is not affected by the presence

of lyophobic colloidal particles.

 Ex, water-insoluble drugs, kaolin and oils form lyophobic dispersions

Page 17: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Stability is controlled by the charge of particles

Page 18: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Lyophilic sols: these sols are "solvent loving", • are thermodynamically stable, they are reversible systems.• Stable generally in presence of electrolytes, may be salted out by

high concentration of very soluble electrolytes• Molecules of the dispersed phase are solvated• Stability controlled by charge and solvation of particles• Molecules disperse spontaneously to form colloidal solution• Viscosity of the dispersion medium increased by the presence of

dispersed phase• Ex, proteins, tragacanth and methylcellulose in water

 

Page 19: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 20: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 21: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 22: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Surfactant molecules• Dispersion phase consists of aggregates (micelles) of

small ions whose size individually is below the colloidal range.

• Hydrophilic or lipophilic portion of the molecule is solvated , depending on the dispersion medium

• Because of their affinity for water and tendency to form micelles which are of colloidal dimension, they form hydrophilic colloidal sol in water but are usually classified separately as Association colloids

• Colloidal aggregates are formed spontaneously when concentration of amphiphile exceeds the critical micelle concentration (cmc)

• Viscosity of the system increases as the conc. of micelles increase.

• In aqueous solutions, the cmc is reduced by the addition of electrolytes

Page 23: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 24: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 25: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 26: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 27: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.
Page 28: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

Properties of Colloids

1. HeterogeneityA colloidal solution is heterogeneous system

consisting of two phases of dispersed phase (colloidal particles of a solid) and the aqueous dispersion medium. Often a colloidal sol appears to be homogeneous as the particles are small in size and not visible to the naked eye. However, this is disproved when it is viewed under electron microscope.

Page 29: Solutions True Solutions: A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters between 0.1 nm to 1 nm i.e., the solute.

2-Stable natureColloidal solutions are quite stable. The

colloidal particles do not settle at the bottom under the influence of gravity. This is because of the constant motion of colloidal particles.

3-FilterabilityColloidal particles do not pass through

ultrafilter papers, animal and vegetable membranes. The large pore size of ordinary filter paper enables colloidal particles to pass through.


Two-Dimensional Solute Transport with Exponential Initial ... · is in reservoir, some solute components, such as polar organic solute compounds, heavy metals components, macromolecules

Two-Dimensional Solute Transport with Exponential Initial ... · is in reservoir, some solute components, such as polar organic solute compounds, heavy metals components, macromolecules

J AME STR HPUB LI C O JK to Grade 8 175 B real y D iv , P ...kprcontentlibrary.kprdsb.ca:8080/docushare/dsweb... · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm n nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmKenner

J AME STR HPUB LI C O JK to Grade 8 175 B real y D iv , P ...kprcontentlibrary.kprdsb.ca:8080/docushare/dsweb... · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm n nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmKenner

Topic: Dilution Do Now:. Amount of solute is constant Amount of solvent increases Amount solute in concentrated solution EQUALS Amount solute in dilute.

Topic: Dilution Do Now:. Amount of solute is constant Amount of solvent increases Amount solute in concentrated solution EQUALS Amount solute in dilute.

Solute and Water Transport

Solute and Water Transport

Solutions(dilute) Concentration units M= molaritymoles of solute L of solution X= mol fraction mol of solute mol solute + mol solvent weight %mass of solute.

Solutions(dilute) Concentration units M= molaritymoles of solute L of solution X= mol fraction mol of solute mol solute + mol solvent weight %mass of solute.

Osmoregulation and Excretion CHAPTER 44. WATER BALANCE Osmolarity - total solute concentration (M) = moles of solute per liter Osmolarity - total solute.

Osmoregulation and Excretion CHAPTER 44. WATER BALANCE Osmolarity - total solute concentration (M) = moles of solute per liter Osmolarity - total solute.

Mass of Solute Added Versus Mass of Solute file02/02/2016 · Mass of Solute Added Versus Mass of Solute Dissolved Chapter 12 Section 2 The Solution Process. Solubility, continued

Mass of Solute Added Versus Mass of Solute file02/02/2016 · Mass of Solute Added Versus Mass of Solute Dissolved Chapter 12 Section 2 The Solution Process. Solubility, continued

The solute

The solute

Advancing Moores Law on 2014...Transistor Fin Pitch 60 42 .70x Transistor Gate Pitch 90 70 .78x Interconnect Pitch 80 52 .65x nm nm Intel Has Developed a True 14 nm Technology with

Advancing Moores Law on 2014...Transistor Fin Pitch 60 42 .70x Transistor Gate Pitch 90 70 .78x Interconnect Pitch 80 52 .65x nm nm Intel Has Developed a True 14 nm Technology with

Ward / Quartier 1...$K $K $K $ $K!C nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm …

Ward / Quartier 1...$K $K $K $ $K!C nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm …

MAPA DE VALORES DE TERRENOS POR ZONAS HOMOGÉNEAS … · nm æ nmæ nm nm æ æ nm nm nm æ nm nm æ æ æ æ nm nmæ æ nm æ nm nm nm nm æ æ nmæ æ æ nm nm nm æ nm æ nm nm

MAPA DE VALORES DE TERRENOS POR ZONAS HOMOGÉNEAS … · nm æ nmæ nm nm æ æ nm nm nm æ nm nm æ æ æ æ nm nmæ æ nm æ nm nm nm nm æ æ nmæ æ æ nm nm nm æ nm æ nm nm

Chapter 6 Osmosis and filtration: passive solute and · PDF fileOsmosis and filtration: passive solute and water ... Osmosis and filtration: passive solute ... increasing hindrance

Chapter 6 Osmosis and filtration: passive solute and · PDF fileOsmosis and filtration: passive solute and water ... Osmosis and filtration: passive solute ... increasing hindrance

geospasial.bnpb.go.idgeospasial.bnpb.go.id/.../PETA-SEBARAN-PENDIDIKAN-DI-SEKITAR-GUNUNG... · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm

geospasial.bnpb.go.idgeospasial.bnpb.go.id/.../PETA-SEBARAN-PENDIDIKAN-DI-SEKITAR-GUNUNG... · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm

Water and Solute Transport

Water and Solute Transport

True Anomalous Osmosis in Multi-Solute Model Membrane Systems

True Anomalous Osmosis in Multi-Solute Model Membrane Systems

UNIT : 6 SOLUTIONS · Abnormal moral mass of solute Normal molar mass of solute = Experiment al moral mass of solute Theorical molar mass of solute = Theoritical collingative property

UNIT : 6 SOLUTIONS · Abnormal moral mass of solute Normal molar mass of solute = Experiment al moral mass of solute Theorical molar mass of solute = Theoritical collingative property

Volumetricandviscometricstudiesondodecyltrimethylammoniu ......Volumetric, viscometric, and other thermodynamic data provide valuable information regarding solute–solvent, solute–solute,

Volumetricandviscometricstudiesondodecyltrimethylammoniu ......Volumetric, viscometric, and other thermodynamic data provide valuable information regarding solute–solvent, solute–solute,

3403000 3403500 3404000 3404500 3405000 3405500 0 5 · 2017. 10. 17. · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmnm nm nm nmnm nmnm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmnm

3403000 3403500 3404000 3404500 3405000 3405500 0 5 · 2017. 10. 17. · nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmnm nm nm nmnm nmnm nm nm nm nm nm nm nmnm

Solute Transport Simulation

Solute Transport Simulation

Solute vs. Solvent Solute: The substance being dissolved Solute: The substance being dissolved Solvent: a liquid capable of dissolving another substance.

Solute vs. Solvent Solute: The substance being dissolved Solute: The substance being dissolved Solvent: a liquid capable of dissolving another substance.