SOLUTIONS. Solutions Solutions - homogeneous systems.

SOLUTIONS

Solutions

Solutions - homogeneous systems

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Which is the mixture?

Which is the solution?


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solution


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mixture






What is the mixture?

What is the solution?

Solutions 2

components:solute

solvent

Solutions 2

components: solute

solventsubstance substance

being being dissolveddissolved

substance substance in which in which

solute is solute is dissolveddissolved

““VATER” VATER”

WHY is water such a good solvent???

What is the chemistry behind it?

H2O is a covalently bonded molecule

H

H O

H

H O++

--

&&

H2O is a bonded molecule

H

H O

H

H O++

--

&&

Bonded COVALENTLY

This is different than an IONIC BOND



This is water H2O)



This is water H2O)

The electrons are being shared by the three atoms



Covalent bonds SHARE Covalent bonds SHARE electronselectrons

BUT, WHAT do you notice, if anything, about the CHARGES….

Where are there more electrons???





The electrons are being shared by the three atoms

UNEQUALLY

+

+

-

We call this being a : POLAR molecule

H

H O

H

H O++

--

&&

Unequally charged sides of the

molecule

+

+-

H2O is a POLAR molecule

H

H O

H

H O++

--

&&

Unequally charged sides of the molecule

+

+-

Oxygen is an electron HOG!!!



It acts as a magnet

H

H O

+

+-



+

-

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

This is a solution…

The waterwater is the solvent…

The extra HH++ is the solute…

H+

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

This is a solution…


The extra OHOH-- are the solute…

Solutions

solute

solventsubstance substance

being being dissolveddissolved

substance substance in which in which

solute is solute is dissolveddissolved

““VATER” VATER”

Solutions

solventACIDSACIDS & BASESBASES

measure the amount of hydronium ions(H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-)

dissolved in a solution

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

This is an ACIDIC solution STRONG



H+

H+H+

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+This is an ACIDIC solution weaker



H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+This is an ACIDIC solution very weak



OH-

OH-H+

H+

OH- H+

OH-

OH-

H+

H+

OH-

H+

OH-

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

OH-

OH-

OH-

OH-

H+

OH-

H+

OH-

OH-

H+

This is a neutral solution…


Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE

•sour tasting…

hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?





•bitter tasting…

•hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

* slippery



Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE

IT IS LOGARITHMIC

Logarithmic = a way to express EXPONENTS

1=100; 10=101; 100=102; 1,000=103; 1,000,000=106, etc.

and 0.1=1/10=10-1; 0.001=1/1,000=10-3,





10X H+ than in neutral

100X H+ than in

neutral

1000X H+ than in

neutr.

10,000X H+

100,000X H+

1,000,000X H+ than in

neutral

10,000,000X H+ than in

neutral

1/10X H+ than in neutral

1/100X H+ than in neutral

1/1,000X H+ than in

neutral

1/10,000X H+ than in

neutral

1/100,000X H+ than in

neutral

1/1,000,000X H+ than in

neutral

1/10,000,000X H+ than in

neutral

REM

EM

BER

, th

is is

NO

T

a s

imp

le n

um

ber

line…

* pH between 6.9 - 1

* turns blue litmus paper RED* sour tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

* pH between 7.1 - 14

* turns red litmus paper BLUE* bitter tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?* slippery

Litmus paper

• Gives a Qualitative reading

In an acid, blue litmus paper turns RED

In an base, red litmus paper turns BLUE

Litmus paper

pH paper

• Gives a Qualitative reading

In this lab, you will use:

• Gives a Quantitative reading

pH paper

blue red

•Gives a Qualitative reading

Digital pH meter

• Insert into solution

Digital pH meter

• RINSE with distilled water to clean when you are finished testing each substance.

SOLUTIONS. Solutions Solutions - homogeneous systems.

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Transcript of SOLUTIONS. Solutions Solutions - homogeneous systems.