Solutions

Parts of a SolutionMolarity, Molality, Mole Fraction, Dilution

Types of Mixtures• Mixtures : a blend of two or more kinds of

matter, each of which retains its own properties and characteristics

• Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures• Homo = same Hetero =

varied

Solutions• Solution : homogeneous mixture of two or more

substances in a single phase

Parts of a Solution :• Solute – dissolved particles EX. Salt,

sugar• Solvent – dissolving medium EX. Water,

alcohol

• Aqueous = capable of being dissolved

Concentrated vs. Dilute

What is Molarity?• Moles of solute per volume of solution• Equation is GIVEN on Reference Table!

Moles of solute per volume of total SOLUTION

Mol of solute Liters of solution

mol L

M

Moles of solute per mass of SOLVENT

Mol of solute Kg of solvent

mol kg

m

What is molality?• Moles of solute per mass of

solvent• Equation is NOT GIVEN on

Reference Table!

Molarity Examples• EXAMPLE : 3.50 L of solution contains 90.0 g of NaCl.

What is the molarity of the solution?

• EXAMPLE : 0.800 L of a .500 M HCl solution. How

many moles of HCl does this solution contain?

Molality Examples• EXAMPLE : Solution was prepared by dissolving 17.1

g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 125 g of water. Find the molal concentration of solution.

• EXAMPLE : A solution iodine (I2) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is used when iodine is needed for certain chemical tests. How much iodine must be added to prepare a 0.480 m solution of iodine in CCl4 if 100.00 g of CCl4 is used?

What is mole fraction?• MOLE FRACTION () =

• EXAMPLE : What is the mole fraction of xenon in a mixture that contains 0.584 g of xenon 86.40 g of argon and 3.62 g of neon ?

DilutionsHow many

solute parts?

13 13

What’s the only difference?

How can you dilute a concentrated solution?

• DILUTION =• EXAMPLE : What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must

be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M H2SO4 solution?