Solutions

How Solutions FormA. Solution – a mixture that appears

the same throughout and is mixed at the ___________ level

1. _______ – substance being dissolved

2. ________ – substance doing the dissolving

3. Solutions can be liquids, gases, or _______

Solution Type

Solvent Solute Example

1. gas Gas

2. Solid Salt water

3. Solid Dental amalgam

4. Liquid Club soda

5. Liquid Liquid

6. Solid brass

4. Alloys are _______ solutions

Copper + tin =

copper + zinc =

silver + copper =

tin + copper + antimony =

lead + tin =

iron + carbon =

B. How dissolving happens:

1. Water molecules are ______ – they have a positive area and a negative area

2. Water molecules cluster around ______ molecules, with their negative ends attracted to the positive ends of the solids

video

3. Water molecules ____ the solid particles into solution

4. The moving water molecules and ______ molecules spread out and mix evenly to form a solution.

5. To mix solids to make an alloy solution, you must _____ the solids.

C.Rate of dissolving depends on:1. ________ – speeds up

dissolving by bringing more fresh solvent into contact with more solute.

2. Crystal ______

a. Dissolving occurs at the _________ of a solid.

b. Breaking a solid into pieces or powder increases its _________ _____, which speeds up dissolving.

3. Temperature – _________ the temperature of a solvent speeds up the movement of its particles.

4. To make a gas dissolve more quickly in a liquid, ____ the liquid solvent and ________ the pressure of the gas.

Solubility and Concentration

A. ___________ – the amount of a substance that can dissolve in a solvent

1. Depends on the nature of the ____________

2. Solubilities of two substances can be compared by _________

B. Concentration

1. A __________ solution has a large amount of solute in the solvent.

2. A _______ solution has a small amount of solute in the solvent

3. Concentrations can be expressed as percent by __________ of the solute

C.Types of solutions

1. __________ solution – contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature

a. As the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it ____________

b. __________ ______ – line on a graph used to figure how much solute can dissolve at any temperature on the graph.

2. ____________ solution – able to dissolve more solute at a given temperature

3. _____________ solution – contains more solute than a saturated one at the same temperature

video

a. Made by ________ the temperature of a saturated solution, adding more solute, and lowering temperature back without __________ the solution

b. __________ - will crystallize if disturbed

c. As it crystallizes, it gives off ________ and produces heat

Particles in SolutionA. _____ – particles with a

charge

1. __________ – compounds that form charged particles (ions) and conduct electricity in water

2. ___________ – substances that do not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity

B. How ions form

1. __________ – molecules break apart in water, causing atoms to become ions by taking on a charge

2. __________ – an ionic solid separates into its positive and negative ions.

C. Effects of solute particles

1. All solute particles – polar, nonpolar, electrolyte, and nonelectrolyte – affect the ________ properties of a solvent

2. Adding a solute to a solvent _______ the freezing point because the added solute particles interfere with the formation of orderly freezing patterns

3. Adding a solute ______ the boiling point because fewer solvent molecules can reach the surface and evaporate.