SOLUTIONS

Do you remember????

What is a mixture??? 2 or more pure substances that can be separated

based on physical properties

What is a homogeneous mixture?? A mixture that is the same throughout

What is another name for homogeneous mixture? solution

What a solution is not!!!

Heterogenous Mixture Suspension

Particles will settle out over time Does not show a positive Tyndall Effect Examples

Pizza Salad Dressing

Colloid Particles will not settle out over time Displays a positive Tyndall effect Examples

Fog

What are the parts of a solution?

A solution is composed of 2 parts Solute: the part of the solution that gets dissolved

Can be either a solid, liquid or gas Solvent: the part of the solution that does the

dissolving Typically liquids or gases Water is known as the universal solvent as it dissolves

more solutes than any other substance on earth

Why doesn’t oil and water mixture?

From a chemical perspective, in order to make a solution the two substances must be similar in make up Ionic compounds will dissolve Ionic compounds and

polar covalent compounds Polar covalent compounds will dissolve polar

covalent compounds Nonpolar compounds will dissolve nonpolar

compounds We remember “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”

How do we make solutions?

Take a solid and dissolve it into a liquidThe question really is….how much solute and

how much solvent? The ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of

solvent is known as the concentration of the solution More solute = more concentration (less dilute) Less solute = less concentration (more dilute)

How do you measure concentration of a solution?

The amount of concentration in a solution is measured by a unit called MOLARITY. Molarity is a measure of the moles of a solute per

liters of solution The unit for molarity is M. The mathematical formula used to calculate molarity

is M= moles of solute liters of solution

How do you use the formula?

Lets take a few minutes and do the practice problems on our worksheet.

What are the types of solutions?

The type of solution is based on concentration Unsaturated Solution

Contains less than the maximum amount of solute If you add more solute to the solution, the solute will dissolve

Saturated Solution Contains the maximum amount of solute at a given

temperature If you add more solute to the solution, the solute will not

dissolve and will settle to the bottom Supersaturated Solution

Contains more than the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature

The solution has been heated and then cooled If you add more solute, all of the solute will crystalize out

Type: JPG

What axis is the solute on?

What axis is the temperature on?

What is the relationship between temperature and solubility on NaNO3?

What is the relationship for Ce2(SO4)3?

Solubility Curve

                          Website for this imageSolubility Curve

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Solubility Curve…more

Which substance is most affected by temperature?

Which substance is least affected by temperature?

If 70g of NH3 was dissolved at 100C, what type of solution would you have?

50g of KCLO3 at 200C?10g of NaCL at 1000C?

GATEWAY ALERT!!!!!!!!!!!

What will happen to fish when the temperature of water is increased because a manufacturing plant begins dumping hot water into the stream As the temperature of water increases, the solubility

of a gas decreases Fish breath dissolved oxygen in the water The fish will suffocate and die

Why do you put salt out when there is ice on the stairs?

Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of molecules in a given volume of solvent and not on the properties/identity (e.g. size or mass) of the molecules

More particles of solute means more colligative properties

Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling-point elevation describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent

Freezing point depression

Freezing-point depression describes the phenomenon in which the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.