Solution for Zig Bee Applications

8/9/2019 Solution for Zig Bee Applications

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Suresh Chaudhari – Global Technology Centre

Volume 1, ul 2011

Solution for Zigbee

Applications


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Solution for Zigbee Applications Page

1. Introduction to Zigbee

Zigbee technology standard created for Control and Sensor Networks, the

standard is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Created by the ZigBee

Alliance. ZigBee is suitable for radio-frequency (RF) applications that

require a low data rate (250 Kbps), short range (from 75m to a few

kilometres), low power, simple architecture, low cost, long battery life,

and secure network.

ZigBee works in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands;

868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in countries like USA and Australia, and 2.4

GHz in most of the countries in the world. High bandwidth, high speed,

dual channels (Tx and Rx).The entire ZigBee protocols consist of security

services, application layer (APS and ZDO), NWK layer, MAC layer and PHY

layer, which can support three network structures of star, cluster tree and

mesh.

There are three different types of ZigBee devices which include ZigBee

coordinator (ZC), ZigBee router (ZR) and ZigBee end device (ZED).The

full and clear protocols are implemented by the ZigBee protocol stack.

ZigBee's goal is to define a general-purpose, inexpensive, self-organizing

mesh network. Typical application areas include Building Automation,

Smart Energy, Health, Care Telecommunication Services, Home

Automation and RF4CE.

2. History and Background of Zigbee

The ZigBee Alliance is formed in October 2004. The ZigBee Alliance is a

group of companies that worked in cooperation to develop a network

protocol that can be used in a variety of commercial and industrial low

data rate applications.


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An end product may be certified for either Interoperability with

other ZigBee end products;

Or Operating within a “closed system” but able to coexist with other

ZigBee products.

3.2 Standards

The ZigBee standard was created to address the need for a cost effective,

standards-based wireless networking solution that supports low data-

rates, low-power consumption, security, and reliability.

The ZigBee standard specifies a full protocol stack for enabling

wireless control applications.

ZigBee protocol stack structure as shown in Figure 1, IEEE802.15.4

responsible for the physical layer and MAC layer protocol, ZigBee

Alliance to develop the network layer, application layer security

services interface and protocol, can be user-defined application

layer.

Figure 1 IEEE 802.15.4 Stack


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4. How Zigbee Works (brief)

The ZigBee standard has the capacity to address up to 65535 nodes in a

single network. However, the ZigBee Protocol defines three general types

of nodes: Coordinators, Routers and End Device, with a requirement ofone Coordinator per network. While all nodes can send and receive data,

there are differences in the specific roles they play. An example of a

ZigBee network is shown below in Figure 2.

Zigbee Coordinators (Network Creator) - are the most capable of the

three node types. There is exactly one coordinator in each network and it

is the device that establishes the network originally. It is able to store

information about the network, including security keys.

Zigbee Routers (Multi-hop Routing)- act as intermediate nodes,

relaying data from other devices.

Zigbee End Devices (Very low power) - can be low-power / battery-

powered devices. They have sufficient functionality to talk to their parents

(either the coordinator or a router) and cannot relay data from other

devices. This reduced functionality allows for the potential to reduce their

cost.

To provide for low cost implementation options, the ZigBee Physical

Device type distinguishes the type of hardware based on the IEEE

802.15.4 definition of reduced function device (RFD) and full functiondevice (FFD) as shown in table 1. An IEEE 802.15.4 network requires at

least one FFD to act as a network coordinator.

Reduced Function Device Full Function Device

Limited to star topology Can function in any topology

Cannot become network coordinator Capable of being Network

coordinator

Talks only to network coordinator

(FFD)

Capable of being a coordinator

Simple implementation – min RAM

and ROM

Can talk to any other device

(FFD/RFD)

Generally battered powered Generally line powered

Table 1 ZigBee Physical Device Types


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Figure 2 ZigBee network

ZigBee uses two types of devices. Reduced-function devices (RFDs) aresensors that communicate with full-function devices (FFDs). FFDs are

complex nodes that conform to the full 802.15.4 standard and can serve

as routers. An end device gets its instructions from a ZigBee Coordinator.

All ZigBee networks must include a coordinator, which is a full function

device that manages the network.

ZigBee technology provides static and dynamic star, cluster tree and

mesh networking structures that allow large area network coverage,

scalable networks and single point-of-failure avoidance.

If the end device is out of range of its coordinator, it can communicate

through a router. The diagram shows what is called a mesh network. The

term mesh is used because of the routers and coordinators have multiple

communication path options. network may be extended through the use

of ZigBee routers, Using local addressing you can configure simple

networks of more than 65,000 (216) nodes, thereby reducing address

overhead.

Mesh

Star

ZigBee EndDevice

ZigBee Router (FFD)

ZigBee Coordinator


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Solution for Zigbee Applicati

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5.

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that requires a wireless li

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system, along with its basic monitoring functions can be expanded to

provide status and control of home lighting when entering and exiting a

home.

ZigBee is a standards-based technology for remote monitoring, control

and sensor network applications. Figure 3 shows, a typical ZigBee-enabled device includes a radio frequency integrated circuit (RF IC) with a

partially implemented PHY layer connected to a low-power, low-voltage 8-

bit microcontroller with peripherals, connected to an application sensor or

actuators.

Sensor networks are developed for many uses. The principal tasks of

sensor networks are monitoring, collecting ambient parameters, and

making decisions about control of the parameters. Sensor application like;

lighting control, TV remote control, motion detector, door control &

remote temperature sensor and many more as shown in figure 3.

Connecting the home to the Smart grid

With the help of HAN (Home Area Network), able to track energy costs in

real-time and to be able to understand the various energy flows within

the home or building. Such an insight together with means to remote

control appliances, if available on easy to install, easy to use devices, and

accessible on an online or mobile, in the home or remote display panel,

will empower customers and help them change their behavior (and thus

reduce their bill).

A typical deployment scenario for the Home Energy Gateway within the

HAN is described in Figure 4.

The Home Energy Gateway:

receives price events or demand-response events through the AMI

network and its

smart-meter interface to the HAN (or potentially through the

broadband interface)

monitors and controls a set of demand-response appliances (e.g.

thermostat, water boiler, heater, …)

monitors and controls a set of home-automation related appliances

(e.g. washing machine, dimming lights, …)

reads power figures out of the various meters on a periodic basis


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Figure 4 Home Energy Gateway

The Home Energy Gateway reference platform developed by Freescale is

an open Hardware (HW) and Software (SW) platform aimed at

jumpstarting development of HAN products, for homes in the service

territory of utilities implementing consumer energy management

programs.

The Freescale Home Energy Gateway platform is powerful enough to

collect real-time data delivered by a network of intelligent meters and

sensors, but also to run a framework processing and delivering analytical

visualizations in an intuitive and powerful visual way through a number of

access methods like touch screen, mobile phones and web browsers.

A ZigBee Network based Heart Rate Monitoring System for Pre-

mature babies

Most hospitals use ECG (Electrocardiography ) for monitoring a baby’s

heart rate due to they do not have remote monitoring system. This

solution providing remote monitoring capability as shown in figure

5.Remote heart beat monitoring system using wireless technology for

new-born premature babies kept in hospital incubators. With the help of

this solution hospital staff can be alert in case a babies’ heart rate is


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Solution for Zigbee Applicati

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layout (often including antenna) is already done and the module have

been manufacturing tested and tested towards conformance to standards.

Firmware

Firmware will be pre-loaded with ZigBee module product. This can be

customized depends on your application, all support will be available from

supplier to make end product as per customer need.

Device Certification

Once the end product is ready, product should go some certification level

process to get Zigbee certified product.

6.1 Telegesis Smart Energy Product solution

ETRX3 series modules

The ETRX3 series is the 3rd generation

of advanced ZigBee modules from

Telegesis and the first module family on

the market to feature the EM357 and

EM351- the latest ARM® Cortex M-3

SOC's from Ember. ETRX3 series

modules have a footprint of just 19mm

x 25mm for both standard and PA/LNA

versions which represents a 40%reduction in size compared to the ETRX2

module. They will be available with either an on board antennae or a

Hirose UFL connector to allow connection of external antennae.

ETRX2USB-IPD

The ETRX2USB wireless mesh

networking USB Stick is effectively an

RS232 to USB bridge connected to an

ETRX2 wireless meshing module. This

allows connectivity to a computer’sUSB port. The supplied drivers create

a virtual COM Port, so that the

command line of the ETRX2 can be

accessed via any terminal software

application.ETRX2USB ZigBee USB


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stick pre loaded with ZigBee Smart Energy in Home Display (IHD)

firmware.

6.2 Drop-in Networking solutions by Digi

Drop-in Networks provide end-to-end wireless connectivity to electronic

devices in locations where wire line infrastructure doesn’t exist or satisfy

customer needs. Digi products are used to create Drop-in Networking

solutions, These include ConnectPort X gateways, XBee adapters and

embedded modules as well as XBee wall routers as shown one of the

example in figure 6. This solution Provide IP connectivity to the zigbee

network using the connect portX4 gateway & Monitor light and

temperature readings from the XBee ZB wall router.

Figure 6: IP connectivity to the zigbee network


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Drop-in Networks are suited to a wide range of applications in Lighting

controls Automatic Meter Reading, Tank level monitoring, Agricultural

automation,HVAC control, Remote site monitoring and backup,

Refrigeration monitoring, medical sensing and monitoring.

6.3 ATMEL Zigbee product

ZigBit Wireless Modules

ZigBits are compact 802.15.4/ZigBee

modules featuring record breaking range

performance and exceptional ease-of-

integration. ZigBits also pack a complete FCC /CE/ARIB-certified RF design that eliminates

costly and time-consuming RF development

to get your product to market on-time and

on-budget. The product also combines a

bundled IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee PRO-

certified software to make ZigBits so they can

be used worldwide by system integrators and OEMs to add standards-

based wireless connectivity to their products for energy efficiency,

building automation, automated meter reading and other applications.

ATmega128RFA1

Atmel's ATmega128RFA1 is the Industry's first

wireless and touch single-chip microcontroller.

The embedded radio interface offers a unique

hardware feature set to boost the overall

system performance and to support a great

variety of IEEE 802.15.4 compliant

applications. The radio link reliability is alsoimproved when using the antenna diversity

feature, which automatically selects the best

signal from two antennas for each incoming

frame. The device supports the control of


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external power amplifiers for range extension. High-data rate modes of up

to 2 Mbit/s are available to address the general purpose 2.4 GHz ISM

applications.

ATmega128RFA1 evaluation kit (ATAVR128RFA1-EK1)

The ATmega128RFA1

evaluation kit accelerates

development, debugging,

and demonstration of IEEE

802.15.4-compliant wireless

applications. The kit

contains two evaluation

boards for the Atmel ATmega128RFA1 device, which covers the 2.4GHz

ISM bands for use with the STK600 Starter Kit. The BitCloud PS SDKprovides a complete set of tools—including API documentation, reference

applications, BitCloud ZigBee PRO stack and ZCL libraries—to build

ZigBee-compliant end products running customized ZigBee Smart Energy,

ZigBee Commercial Building Automation, and ZigBee Home Automation

applications on Atmel megaRF, AVR® XMEGA®, AVR UC3, and SAM3S

series families of microcontrollers.

6.4 NXP JN5148-EK010 Evaluation kit

NXP’s JN5148-EK010 evaluation kit

provides a complete environment for

the development of JenNet and

ZigBee PRO applications based on

the JN5148 wireless microcontroller.

The kit contains a complete package

of hardware and software, includingfive wireless sensor nodes, an

unrestricted software developer kit

(SDK), and example code.

The SDK provides a complete set of

development tools, software libraries

and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for programming and


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controlling the on-chip peripherals of the JN5148, for configuring and

managing the network and for data communication.

Out of the box, the hardware nodes are pre-programmed and

demonstrate an example home sensor demo that monitors the state of

sensors on the wireless nodes and presents this information on thecontroller node’s LCD display.

6.5 TI's ZigBee solutions

TI offers three ZigBee-compliant platforms, built on the second generation

CC2530 and CC2520 IEEE 802.15.4 radios.

The ZigBee second generation CC2530 SOC (system-on-chip) is a

ZigBee "golden unit suite" that is targeted for low power

applications and small form factor designs.

The CC2530ZNP ( ZigBee network processor) can be used for

designs where the CC2530ZNP, containing the ZigBee Pro stack,

communicate to the system's main processor through the SPI

interface. This partitioning option allows the designer to keep the

ZigBee application profile and any other applications on the main

processor.

The second generation CC2520 802.15.4 transceiver can be usedwith the MSP430™ MCU's and Stellaris™ suite of ARM Cortex M3

technology. It is recommended for designers who want additionalflash and RAM.


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6.6 Renesas RZB-CC16C-ZDK

The ZigBee Demo Kit

(ZDK) is the first of three

kits in Renesas' complete

development environment.The kit includes hardware,

software and

documentation necessary

to experience true ZigBee

networking capabilities first

hand.

The hardware consists of

four M16C 2.4 GHz RF

development boards with one board pre-programmed with sniffer

functionality. Additional boards can be ordered to expand the network.(RZB-CC28FC-BRD) Developed in-house by Renesas, the software

includes a full implementation demo version of the ZigBee stack and IEEE

802/15/4 MAC. The ZDK comes with a Renesas packet sniffer that can

follow devices as they create and join networks and trace packets

transmitted over the air between nodes. Also included is an evaluation

version of the M16C software development suites of tools that can be

used to develop M16C applications.

6.7 Microchip MRF24J40MA moduleMRF24J40MA is a certified 2.4 GHz IEEE

802.15.4 radio transceiver module. The

MRF24J40MA has an integrated PCB antenna,

matching circuitry, and supports the ZigBee™,

MiWi™ and MiWi P2P protocols. The

MRF24J40MA Module connects to hundreds of

PIC® microcontrollers via a 4-wire SPI

interface and is an ideal solution for wirelesssensor networks, home automation, building

automation and consumer applications.


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6.8 RFMD RF6525

RFMD offers the RF6525, which integrates a

complete solution in a single front end module (FEM)for Smart Energy/ZigBee applications in the 2.4-2.5

GHz band. This FEM integrates the power amplifier

plus harmonic filter in the transmit path and the lownoise amplifier (LNA) with bypass mode in thereceive side. The RF6525 also incorporates adiversity switch and provides balanced input andoutput signals for both transmit and receive paths,respectively.

7.

Reference Design

7.1 CC2530 Reference Designs (CC2530BALUN-REFDES) from

Texas Instruments

The CC253X chipset family from

Texas Instruments are single-chip

solutions for 2.4 GHz IEEE

802.15.4 / RF4CE / ZigBee. The

chips include radio, up to 256kB

FLASH and a single-cycle

microcontroller.

Power consumption in sleep mode

can be as low as 0.4uA. Johanson

Technology, Inc’s 2450BM15A0002

Balun-Low Pass Filter integrated

passive component was specifically designed for use with the CC253X

family. This matched balun simplifies the RF front-end by considerably

reducing component count and implementation area size. The

2450BM15A0002 is a six-pin device with small mechanical dimensions of

only 2.0 mm x 1.25 mm x 0.7mm (EIA 0805) and an approximate

footprint of 1.65 mm x 2.8 mm.

Johanson Technology has developed a solution with a chip Balun-LPF that

is especially matched for the CC253X family ICs, the 2450BM15A0002 as

shown in figure.


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EM35x Reference Design Using RFMD RF6525(RFSM6525EM357-410)

RFMD’s portfolio of single-chip integrated front end modules (FEMs) are

developed for high-performance ZigBee® Home Area Network(HAN) /

Smart Energy applications in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz ISM band.

The RF6525, RF6515, and RF6535 are specifically designed to operate

with the Ember EM300 Series System-on-Chips (SoCs) - EM351 and

EM357, EM250 SoC, and EM260 co-processor.

The RFSM6525EM357

reference design is a

partnership between

RFMD and Ember

presenting a complete

2.4GHz IEEE

802.15.4-2003-

compliant radio

transceiver solution.

Ember presents a fully

integrated system-on-

chip (SoC) with 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M3 microprocessor, flash memory,

and RAM memory, delivering unmatched performance and EmberZNet

PRO network protocol stack to designers of ZigBee-based systems. RFMD

presents a world class front end module (FEM) for efficient extended

output power above 20dBm with harmonic filtering, diversity switch, and


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LNA option for "bypass mode". This document briefly describes the

RFSM6525EM357 reference design and how it is set up and configured for

Engineering Evaluation of the RF6525 FEM using Ember’s nodetest

application firmware, pre-flashed on the EM357 SoC. Snapshots of Tx and

Rx data are included.

The schematics in this package can be used in both NCP & SOC designs

involving the EM35x. Connect NCP to the host using either UART or SPI

serial connection as shown in below block diagram.

RF6515/RF6525 FEM Block Diagram

7.2 IEEE 802.15.4 USB Dongle Reference design from NXP

The IEEE 802.15.4 USB Dongle provides an easy way of communicating

with Jennic’s JN5148 wireless microcontroller from a USB connection.


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With suitable embedded software running on the JN5148 device, the

dongle can then communicate with an IEEE 802.15.4, JenNet or ZigBee

PRO network.

The IEEE 802.15.4 USB Dongle provides an easy way of interfacing a host

machine (such as a PC) to a wireless network based on the IEEE 802.15.4

protocol standard, where this network may additionally employ theZigBee PRO or JenNet networking protocol. The dongle incorporates the

Jennic JN5148 wireless microcontroller, allowing a direct USB connection

between the host machine and the JN5148 device, which then provides

the radio interface to the wireless network. Typical uses of the dongle

include:

A complete and stable hardware environment for the development

of IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee PRO and Jenie/JenNet applications,

facilitating an accelerated time-to-market for wireless network

products

The basis of a packet sniffer for IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless

communications

A means of integrating the host machine into a wireless network,

typically as the network Co-ordinator

The small-footprint PCB of the dongle provides all the necessary

components for a wireless microcontroller with access to a USB

connection. All RF layout and decoupling issues are handled by the design

of this dongle. Therefore, this design is ready for application development

without the necessity of hardware development.


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The basic block shown in Layout for JN5148 USB Dongle as shown below.

Layout for JN5148 USB Dongle

8.

Zigbee Development Kits

Manufact

urer EVKs Part

Number Evaluation Kits Title NOC FOC

TI

CC2530ZDK-

ZNP-MINI CC2530 Mini ZNP Kit 21T0788 1866743

TI CC2530ZDK CC2530 ZigBee Development Kit 11R6294 1752230

TI

CC2420MSP430Z

DK

CC2420+MSP430 ZigBee/IEEE

802.15.4 development kit NA NA

TI

CC2500-

CC2550DK CC2500/CC2550DK Development Kit 80K1272 1248465

TI

CC2510-

CC2511DK CC2510/CC2511 Development Kit 13M6220 1752222

TI CC2520DK KIT, CC2520, ZIGBEE DEVELOPMENT 72M7122 1573886

TI CC2430DK CC2430 Development Kit 80K1270 1248475

TI DK-EM2-2520Z

The Stellaris® 2.4 GHz ZigBee

Wireless Networking Kit 01T0046 1856670

NXP JN5148-EK010

Development of JenNet and ZigBee

PRO applications based on the JN5148

wireless microcontroller 33R0170 1739333

ATMEL ATAVRRZ600

RZ600 Evaluation and Development

Kit NA NA


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ATMEL

ATmega128RFA1

-EK1 ATmega128RFA1 Evaluation Kit NA NA

RENESAS RZB-CC16C-ZDK ZigBee Demonstration Kit NA NA

RFM(CIRRO

NET ) ZMN2405 DK Pro Pro Zigbee®Developer Kit NA NA

RFM

ZMN2405HPDKP

RO K Pro Zigbee®Developer Kit NA 1549682

RFM ZMN2405HPDK Pro Zigbee®Developer Kit NA 1549681

RFM ZPM3570DK 2.4 GHz Development Kit NA NA

AUREL

ZIGBEE DEMO

KIT AUREL ZigBee Development Kit 04R7751 1699482

DIGI XK-Z11-EBP-WE

ZB ZigBee Networking Development

Kit 34R5512 1751802

TELEGESIS ETRX3DVKA357 ETRX3 ZigBee Development Kit 20T2024 1854238

9.

Available Zigbee modules in market/E14

Manufactur

e

Part number Description NOC FOC

TI CC2520-

CC2591EMK

KIT, EVAL MOD, CC2520-

CC2591

12P7413 1752226

TI CC2520EMK KIT, EVAL MOD, CC2520 45P6552 1752227

TI CC2530-CC2591EMK

KIT, EVAL MODULE, FORCC2530-CC2591

63R9869 1866742

TI CC2530EMK KIT, EVAL MOD, CC2530 08R6191 1752229

TI CC2590EMK KIT, DEV, ZIGBEE, CC2590 12P7414 1752231

TI CC2591EMK KIT, EVALUATION MODULE 14N9000 1631623


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FOR CC2591

DIGI XB24-AWI-001 WIRE ANTENNA MODULE,

XBEE, 1MW

42M2670 1337912

DIGI XBP24-AWI-

001

WIRE ANTENNA MODULE,

XBEEPRO, 100MW

42M2667 1337916

ATMEL ATZB-24-A2R 2.4 GHz ZigBee OEM Module

w/ dual chip antenna

51R6347 1773400

ATMEL ATZB-A24-U0R 2.4 GHz ZigBee Power

Amplified OEM Module w/

Unbalanced RF output

51R6346 1773403

NXP JN5148-001-

M00

JenNet, ZigBee PRO and

IEEE802.15.4 Module

33R0173 33R0173

TELEGESIS ETRX2USB ETRX2USB ZigBee USB stick 11N7868 1606666

TELEGESIS ETRX3USB ETRX357 ZigBee module. NA NA

TELEGESIS ETRX-UMI ZigBee module on the market

meeting the new UMI

(Universal Metering

Standard)

NA NA

TELEGESIS ETRX357 MODULE, ZIGBEE, ETRX3,

CHIP ANT

20T2026 1854234

TELEGESIS ETRX351 MODULE, ZIGBEE, ETRX351,

CHIP ANT

20T2025 1854394

RFM ZPM3570-C 2.4 GHz Transceiver Module NA NA

AUREL XTR-ZBI-CLI ZigBee module for short

range applications (low

power Cordinator),

04R7745 1699480

AUREL XTR-ZBI-ELI ZigBee module for shortrange applications (low

power End device)

04R7746 1699479

AUREL XTR-ZBI-RLI ZigBee module for short

range applications (low

power Router)

04R7748 1699478

AUREL XTR-ZBI-CHE ZigBee module for long range 04R7744 1699476


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applications (high power

Cordinator )

AUREL XTR-ZBI-RHE ZigBee module for long range

applications (high power

Router )

04R7747 1699475

10.

Glossary:

AF Application Framework

APL Application Layer

APSApplication Supportsublayer

MACMedium Access Controllayer

NIBNetwork InformationBase

NWK Network layer

PHY Physical layer

WPANWireless Personal AreaNetwork

ZC ZigBee Coordinator

ZDO ZigBee Device Object

ZED ZigBee End Device

ZR ZigBee Router

11.

Reference

http://www.zigbee.org/en/index.asp

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

P. Kinney, ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works, White

Paper dated 2 October 2003.

http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asp

http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID

=6200

http://www.ieee802.org/15/

www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/zigbee_primer


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Basic introduction of Zigbee

European ZigBee Forum

ZigBee: The Choice for Energy Management and Efficiency

ZigBee Wireless Sensor Applications for Health, Wellness and Fitness

ZigBee Enables Smart Buildings of the Future Today

ZigBee Vision for the Home

ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works

ZigBee FAQ

ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary

ZigBee™ Wireless Transceiver Engineering Options

ZigBee 2009 Resource Guide

Disclaimer

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Solution for Zig Bee Applications

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