Solute Solvent - Ms. Cline's Pre AP Biology Class...
Transcript of Solute Solvent - Ms. Cline's Pre AP Biology Class...
Solute
Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid. (dissolvedparticles like salt in broth or sugar in koolaid)
Solvent
Any substance that dissolves another substance.(typically water "the universal solvent")
Solution
a mixture of a solutes in a solvent
Cell membrane (plasmamembrane)
thin, flexable barrier that surrounds all cells andregulates what enters and leaves the cell
Lipid Bilayer
the double-layer of lipids that forms the cellmembrane.
Channel Proteins/Pore Proteins
Proteins in the cell membrane that regulate the passage of water andother molecules across the cell membrane. (Like a door in the cell
membrane)
Concentration gradient
the difference in the concentration of solutes (dissolvedparticles) in a solution inside and outside of a cell membrane.
Active Transport
Any process when ENERGY IS REQUIRED to move molecules across acell membrane. Any movement against a concentration gradient
going from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion
A type of Active Transport when SOLUTES need a protein channel toopen in order to move across the cell membrane. (requires energy)
Endocytosis
A type of Active Transport: when a cell takes materialinto the cell by engulfing it in the cell membrane
Exocytosis
A type of Active Transport; when a cell releases large amountsof material by making a bubble in the cell membrane.
Passive Transport
Any process of transport where NO ENERGY IS REQUIRED. Whenmolecules move down a concentration gradient from HIGH to LOW
Diffusion
A type of Passive Transport (no energy required) when SOLUTESmove across a cell membrane from an area of HIGH concentration to
an area of LOW concentration
Osmosis
A type of Passive Transport (no energy required) when WATER movesacross a cell membrane from an area of HIGH concentration to an
area of LOW concentration
Isotonic solution
When the concentration of solutes inside and outside of a cell is theSAME.
(two solutions are in equilibrium)
Equilibrium
Balanced, equal, the same.
Hypertonic solution
A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes/dissolvedparticles ( and therefor a lower concentration of water/sovent).
Hypotonic solution
A solution that has a lower concentration of solute/dissolved particles( and therefore a higher concentration of water/solvent)
Crenate
occurs when an animal cell shrinks due to loss ofwater
Cell Lysis
occurs when a cell swells and bursts, killing thecell due to too much water.