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SolubilityA Physical Property

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A Defnition osolubility:

A measure of how much solute can dissolve ina solvent at a given temperature.

What is a solvent?A substance that dissolves another substance.

Example: Water

What is a solute?The part of a solution present in a lesser

amount and dissolved by the solvent.

Example: alt

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Saturation

When you have added so much solute thatno more dissolves! you have a saturatedsolution.

"f you add more sugar to a saturated solutionof iced tea! the extra sugar #ust settles to thebottom of the glass.

$n the other hand! if you continue todissolve more solute! you still have an

unsaturated solution.

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Working with SolubilityThe solubility of a substance tells you how

much solute you can dissolve before asolution becomes saturated.

olubility is given for a speci%c solvent &suchas water' under certain conditions &such astemperature'.

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Solubility in 100 g o Water at 0

Degrees Celsius (2!"#Co$%ound Solubility (g#

(arbon )ioxide

*a+ing oda

Table alt

Table ugar

,.-/

0.1

-2.3

4/,

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&a'tors Ae'ting

Solubility)ressure: A5ects the solubility of gases. The higher the

pressure of a gas over a solvent! the more gas can dissolve.

Solvents: ometimes you can6t ma+e a solution becausethe solute and solvent are not compatible. 7ave you evertried to mix oil and vinegar? "f you have! you can see that

the oil and water separate &they are said to bei$$is'ible'.

8or li9uid solutions! the solvent a5ects how well a solute

dissolves.

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Solubility

*e$%erature:8or most solids! solubilityincreases as the temperature increases.

8or example! the solubility of table sugar in 4,,

grams of water changes from 4/, grams at ,(elsius to -4 grams at 2 (elsius. What ishappening?

;nli+e most solids! gases become less solublewhen the temperate goes up.

8or example more carbon dioxide will dissolve in

cold water than in hot water.

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A Su%ersaturated

SolutionWhen heated! a solution can dissolve more

solute than it can at cooler temperatures.

"f a heated saturated solution cools slowly!sometimes the extra solute will remaindissolved.

A su%ersaturated solution has moredissolved solute than is predicted by itssolubility at the given temperature.

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olubilityolubility is the maximumamount of solute thatcan be dissolve in 4,,g of solventat a giventemperature

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olubilityExample

What is the solubility of sugar in water at 2.,( if/., g of sugar can be dissolved in 2, ml ofwater?

($ass o 1$l o water is 1g#Amount of sugar in 4g of water

< /., g = 2, ml < ,.44 g=mlAmount of sugar in 4,,g of water

< ,.44 g=ml x 4,, ml < 44.g

olubility of sugar in water at 2( is 44.g per 4,,g of

water

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olubilityExample

The solubility of salt in oil at room temperature is2., g=4,, ml. 7ow much salt can be dissolved in,, g oil at room temperature? &density of oil is,.1g=cm-'

>olume of ,, g oil

< ,, g x 4 cm-

=,.1g

< cm- < ml

< 2., g=4,, ml x ml

< 22.0g a(l