SOLID WASTE - .: MAP-AgriBusiness and Countryside ... City 5,817 / 1,663 Tanza- ... Navotas, partly...
Transcript of SOLID WASTE - .: MAP-AgriBusiness and Countryside ... City 5,817 / 1,663 Tanza- ... Navotas, partly...
SOLID WASTE –
UNTAPPED ENERGY WASTING SPACE
Unreliable data on amount of waste at SLFs, open
dumps and
controlled dumps not available
50 SLFs constructed, unreliable data on capacities,
status of operation not available
Operation, maintenance and monitoring issues of
SLFs
Overdue closure of existing dumpsites and controlled
Dumpsites
NCR: Rodriguez and Tanza – Navotas SLFs have
potential for expansion although specific data not
available; Payatas likely less than 2 years life
DISPOSAL
44% of Waste
Generation
Philippine Regional Map
Showing SWM Conditions
Major SLFs
RRR - 2013
Facility LGU MSW m3/tons/day
Payatas30ha
Quezon City 5,817 / 1,663
Tanza-
NavotasSLF,100ha
Navotas, partly
Caloocan and Taguig
Manila Malabon
8,445 / 2,415
Rodriguez SLF
80ha
Caloocan
Makati Pasay
Mandaluyong
Paranaque
Pasig,TaguigLas Pinas
Pateros
San Juan
MuntinlupaMarikina
Valenzuela
10,899 / 3,117
SLF 210ha Metro Manila Total 25,100 / 7,200
METRO MANILA SW GENERATION 2012
CORE PROBLEMS IN SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Land Availability: Major LGUs do not have
land available for SLFs.
LGUs Capacity: Limited in all aspects of SW
management and enforcement of highly
technical SWM policies, plans, strategies, and
programs.
Philippines Perspective: RA 9003 and the
Clean Air Act do not fully consider the
Philippines socio-political culture.
RA 8749: The Clean Air Act provides incentives to local
government units, enterprises, private entities, and
individuals to develop or undertake efforts that would
result to effective air quality management and pollution
abatement. The Clean Air Act also encourages efforts on
Waste to Energy (WTE), cleaner production, and
adoption of technologies that are not combusting or
burning carbon based materials.
PPP: The private sector plays a significant role in the
government’s pursuit of bridging the gaps in the
economy. PPP program is the vehicle for private sector
participation in the provision of infrastructure services.
INCENTIVES ON THE WAY FORWARD
ENERGY GENERATION FROM
MSW
GASIFICATION VS. INCINERATION
BACKGROUNDGasification Combustion
• Based on conversion of liquid
and/or solid fuel into combustible
gas
• Gas can be cleaned and used as a
raw material or for energy
production � gas engine, gas
turbine, boiler
• Reduction reactions require external
energy and/or an oxidant � partial
combustion
• Part of the fuel energy available as
heat � heat recovery is necessary
• Based on conversion of gaseous,
liquid and/or solid fuel into flue gas
• Energy utilization is based on heat
recovery � hot air, hot water,
steam, hot oil, hot organic liquid �
tesla turbine, steam engine, steam
turbine
• Flue gas needs to be cleaned �
large units, in waste combustion may
be one third of investment
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 1: small scale power production
Gasification Combustion
• Biomass or residue � gas
production� gas cleaning � gas
use in a gas engine � heat
recovery
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 35 %
• Heat up to 55 %
• Investment for 1 MWe: (40T
mixed waste or 20T residulas)
• Drum gasifier 3 MWfuel,
$520 k
• Gas cleaning, S130 k
• Gas engine, $650 k
• Boiler, $390 k
• TOTAL: $1 690 k
• Biomass or residue �
combustion � steam generation
in a boiler � steam turbine + flue
gas cleaning
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 25 %
• Heat up to 65 %
• Investment for 1 MWe: (40T
mixed waste)
• Grate combustor 4 MWfuel,
$650 k
• Boiler, $1 170 k
• Steam turbine, $1 040 k
• Gas cleaning, $390 k
• TOTAL: $3 250 k
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 2: medium scale WTE
Gasification Combustion
• Waste � gas production� gas
cleaning � gas use in a gas engine �
heat recovery
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 40 %
• Heat up to 45 %
• Investment -10 Mwe : (400T mixed
waste or 200T residuals)
• 6 * Drum gasifier 5 MWfuel, $7.8 M
• Gas cleaning, $3.25 M
• 5 * 2 MW gas engine, $10.4 M
• Boiler, $5.85 M
• TOTAL: $27.3M
• Waste � combustion � steam
generation in a boiler � steam turbine
� flue gas cleaning
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 20 %
• Heat up to 65 %
• Investment for 10 MWe: (400T mixed
waste)
• Grate combustor 50 MWfuel, $15.6 M
• Boiler, $13 M
• Steam turbine, $7.8 M
• Gas cleaning, $23.4 M
• TOTAL: $59.8 M
NO LIMIT IN POWER PLANT SIZE: AMOUNT OF MODULES CAN BE INCREASED!
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 3: large scale coal combustion, existing power plant
Gasification Combustion
• Coal � gas production� gas
cleaning � gas use in a gas
turbine � heat recovery from
flue gases
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 50 %
• Heat up to 40 %
• Coal � combustion � steam
generation in a boiler �
steam turbine � flue gas
cleaning
• Efficiencies:
• Power up to 45 %
• Heat not usable
(condensing operation)
GASIFICATION ALSO ALLOWS USING ADDITIONAL FUELS IN EXISTING COAL PLANTS!
LAHTI ENERGIA CASE
Traditional waste combustion: large
part of process is for flue gas cleaning
Lahti case: gasifier as a fuel pre-
treatment unit, existing boiler
• So: gasification allows changing or widening the fuel
scope without modifications in the main process!
• Suits to almost any existing plant.
HIGHEST ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY FROM
WASTE: LAHTI ENERGIA, FINLAND
Solution related technical
features:
• Solid recovered fuel (SRF), 250,000 tons per year
• Replaced coal 170,000 tons/a•50MW electricity• 90MW district heating• High electrical efficiency• Complete new power plant• Gas filtering -> clean product gas• Clean and corrosion free operation
SUMMARY OF
INCINERATION VS. GASIFIGATION
SOLID WASTE –
UNTAPPED ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Land used for SLF (if available) = Loss of potential use of valuable/prime land and wasted energy source
• Energy supply and demand = Increased demand
• SW = energy potential
• Metro Manila SW conversion to energy potential
• Conclusion
LUZON GRID SUPPLY-DEMAND OUTLOOK, 2012-2030
TOTAL MIXED MSW
22,000 tn/day
8 Million tn/a
19.7kg/s
Recycled
3,12 Million tn/a
100kg/s
METAL AND GLASS
520,000 tn/a
16kg/s
BIO -GAS
65 units
a’ 20,000 tn/a d.s
PLASTICS AND
PAPERS
Gasifiers 65 units
a’ 10MW fuel
GAS ENGINES
65 * 4MWe
RESIDUE SLUDGE
Gasifiers 26 units
a’ 10MW fuel
GAS ENGINES
26 * 4MWe
GAS ENGINES
65 * 4MWe Residuals
THEORETICAL ENERGY POTENTIAL IN MSW
The rapid urbanization presents complex
challenges in waste management which
impacts on related issues such as health,
poverty and including water and sanitation,
and energy efficiency.
With limited development resources, it is clear
– now more than ever – that we need to
target SW development funds to areas that
can achieve the best impact without wasting
land resources and contributing to energy
demand.
CONCLUSION