Soldier Handbook 1884r

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PREPARFD BY I)IEECTION UF ‘IHI:

ADtllJTdNTENERALP TIIE ARMY,BY

WASHINGTON :

GOVE’RNMENT PRI NTING OFFICE. .



HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARfiiY,

08~~~8. ADJ UTANT GF+NERAL’SO FFI C E ,

I...The following order, received from the War

for the information and guidance of the Army :WAR DEPARTMENT, une 20,188,$.

The “Soldier’s Han d-Book,” prepa red u nder direction of Brigadier Gen-

eral R. C. Drum, Adjutant Genera l of the Army, is appr oved and a d o p t e d

for issue to the enlisted men of the Army.ROBERT T. LINCOLN,

Secretary of tpap.

II. . .Company commanders will see that all articles of clothing and the

price thereof are entered in the Soldier’s Hand-Book as soon as the issue

has been mad e to the soldier, an d will also cause the s oldier’s classification

in marksma nship to be noted ther ein, certifying to the correctness of the

entries with th eir signatures; and any of these books left by deserters, or

others , will be forwarded, by mati, to the Adjutant General of the Army.

III. . .The books will be issued to soldiers after their ar rival at the General

Depots of the Regru iting Service, an d to those now in the service who have

one year or more to serve, a nd they will not be replaced by the issue of new

copies unt il those furnished the men are worn out by fair wear an d tear.

New leaves properly ruled for the clothing account should be inserted when

necessary, as on the re-enlistment of soldiers, etc.

When-lost or destroyed the cost of the book (45 cents) will be charged

to the men on the muster and pay r olls.

BY COMMANDOF LIEUTENANT GENERAI. SHERIDAN:

R. C. DRUM,

Adjutant General.

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THE SOLDIE R’S HAND-BOOK.

EXTRACTSFROMTHEARMYREGULATIONSOF1881.

MILITARY DISCIPLINE.

1. All inferiors are required to obey strictly, and to execute

with alacrity and good faith, the lawful orders of the superiors

appointed over them,

2. Military authority is to be exercised with firmness, but

’ with kindness and justice to inferiors. Punishments shall be

conformable to military law.

3. Superiors of every grade are forbidden to injure those.

under them by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive

langn age.

4. Courtesy among military men is indispensable to disci-

pline; respect to superiors will not be confined to obedience on

dnt,y, but will be extended on all occasions.

5. Deliberations or discussions among any class of military

men having the objeat of conveying praise or censure, or any

mark of approbation, toward their superiora or others in the

military service, an& all publications relative to transactions

between officers of a private or personal nature, whether news-

paper, pamphlet, or handbill, are strictly prohibited.-

BUBORDINATION TO CIVIL AUTHORITY.

6. Respect for the civil authorities is the duty of all citizens,

and especially of those in the military service.

. 7. As the objects of the military service are of national inter-

est, it is very desirable that kindly relations exist between sol-

diers and other citizens.

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DUTIES OF GUARDS AND SENTINELS.

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372. When a fire break6 out, or any alarm is raised in a gar-

rison, all guards are to be immediately under arms.

[ RULING ON PARAGRAPH 375.-The sentinel ou No. 1 post

having challenged any person approaching his po&t at night and

received the reply, should command-“Halt,” and call-“Car-

poral of tRe guard, friend,” or “friend with the countersign,”

according to the answer of the person challenged. The corp&al

of the guard should then order the person to advance, receiving

the countersign, if the person has it. If the person challengel!

be the officer in charge, or any person entitled to inspect tlrcl



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guard, the corporal, after receiving the countersign, should say,

“The countersign is right,” and call - (‘Turn out the gwvrcE,”

announcing the tit.le of the officer challenged. The guard being

paraded, the officer of the guard will say, “Advame, s$eer an

charge” (or “of the day”), adding, “with the counter&g&’ (OF

“parole”), should he deem it necessary.-Letter, Apr. 10, 4-

1274 A. G. O., 1884.1

GRAND ROUNDS.

376. Any general officer, or the commander of a post or gar-rison, may visit the guard; of his command, and go the grand

rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for

the officer of the day.

377. The officer of the day, wishing to make the rounds, will

take an escom of a ‘non-commiasipned officer and two men.

When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the sergeant will

answer- “Grand rounds ! ” and the sentinel will repl&“HaZt,

grand roun& ! Advance, sergeant, with the countersign ! ” Upon

which the sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The

sentinel will then cry-“Advance, rounds ! ” and stand at a carry

till they have passed.

378. When the sentinel before the guard challenges, and is an-

swered-“ Grand rounds,” he will reply--“Hal{, grand rozunds!

Turn out the guard; grand rounds ! ” IJpon which the guard will

be drawn up with arms at a carry. The oflicer commanding theguard will then order a sergeant and two men to advance; when

within ten paces, the sergeant challenges. The sergeant of the

grand rounds answers-“Grand rounds ! ” The sergeant of the

guard replies-“Advance, sergeant, with the countersign ! ” l The

sergeant of the rounds advances alotie, gives the countersign,

and returns to his round- The sergeant of the guard calls to

his o%lcer-LLThe countersign is &ht ! ” on which the oEcer of

the guard calls--“Advance rounds!” The guard being at a

carry, the o%?cer of the rounds advances alone to the officer of

the guard, who keeps his post and gives to him the parole. He

then examiues the guard, orders back his escort, and, taking a

new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards.

379. All material instructions giv‘en to a sentinel on post by

persons entitled to make grand rounds will be promptly reported

to the commander of the guard.

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COMPLIIdENTS FROM GUARDS AND SENTINELS.

580. The sentinel at any post of the guard, when he sees any

body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliment, approach,

will call-“ Turn out the guard. 1” and announce who approaches.

381. All guards will turn out and present arms to the officer;

entitled to the compliment as often as they pass them, except

the personal guards of general officers, which turn out only to

the general whose guards they are, aud to officers his superiors

in rank. ,%?i?.hen general officers, or personsntitled to a salute, pass

guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute,

receiving the word of comrhand from the senior officer of the

whole.

383. When general officers, or officers eititled to a salute, pass

in rear of a guard, it does not salube, but stands at a carry, facing

to the front.

384. All guards turn out under arms when armed parties ap-

proach their posts, and to parties commanded by commissioned

officers they present arms, the officers saluting.

385. The national or r’egimental colors passing a guard are

saluted, the trumpets or field-music sounding a ma.rch.

336 In the day-time, when the sentinel before the guard sees

the officer of the day approach, he will call--“Turn OUEheguard!

ojker of the day.” The guard will be paraded, aud salute withpresented arms.

387. The guard of a camp or garrison turns out and presents

arms to the commander of the camp or garrison whenever he

approaches its post.

383. All guards and seutinel& will pay the same compliments

to the officers of the Kavy, Marines; Volunteers, and Militia, in

the service of the United States, as are directed to be paid to the

officers of the Army, according to their relative ranks.

389. Between reveille and retreat, sentinels (not in sentry-

boxes), armed with the Raber, will salute all officers by present-

ing saber; if armed with the rifle or carbine, they will, under

similar conditions, present arms to general and field officers, to

the commandingofficer of the post, and to the officer of the day,

and will give all other officers the sergeants’ salute prescribed in

tactics.



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390. When a sentry in a sentry-box sees an officer approach-

ing, he will stand at attention, except during the time of chal-

lenging at night, and, if armed with a rifle or carbine, will salute

as the oficer passes, by bringing tbe left hand briskly to his piece

as high as the right shoulder.

391, Guards do not turn out as a matter of compliment after

sunset, nor will any compliments be paid by the guard except as

prescribed for grand rounds between retreat and reveille.

392. Between retreat and reveille, except when challenging, a

sentinel (not in a sentry-box) will, when an officer approaches,

face outward from his post, and stand steadily at a carry untilthe officer has passed.

SALUTES.

600. A non-commissioned oficer or private in eommand of a

detachment without arms salutes all officers with the hand. If

the detachment be on foot, and armed with the rife or carbine,

he brings the piece to a carry, and he salutes as prescribed for a

sergeant. ’ If the detachment be armed with the saber, he salutes

with the saber, if drawn ; otherwise as if be were unarmed.

601. An enlisted man armed with the saber, when out of the

ranks, and not a file-closer, salutes all officers with the saber, if

drawn ; if not, he salutes with the hand. If on foot, and armed

tiith a rifle or carbine, he salutes as prescri&d for a sergeant.

608. Whenever a non-commissioned officer or soldier without

arms passes an officer, he salutes-him, ysing ihe hand farthest

from the officer. If mounted, he salutes with the right hand.603. A non-commissioned officer or soldier being seated, and

without particular occupation, rises on the approach of an officer,

faces toward him, and salutes. If standing, he faces toward the

oflicer for the same purpose. . If the parties remain in the same

place or on the same ground, such compliments need not be re-

peated. Soldiers actuallg at work do not cease it to salute an

officer unless addressed by him.

604. An enlisted man makes the prescribed salute with the

weapon he may be armed with, or (if unarmed) with the hand,

before addressing an officer. He also makes the same salute

after receiving a reply.

695: Indoors, a non-commissioned officer or soldier, when un-

armed, uncovers and stands at attentiou, but does not salute; in

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all other cases he salutes as heretofore prescribed, without un-

covering.

606. A mounted soldier, in passing an otficer, salutes with the

sgber, if drawn ; otherwise, with his hand. He dismounts be-

f&e addressing an officer not mounted.

607. When an officer enters the room where there are soldiers,.

the word (‘ Attention ” is given by some one who perceives him,

when all rise and remain standing in the position of a soldier

until the officer leaves the room. Soldiers at meals do nqt rise.

Officers in citizens’ dress are saluted in. the same manner as

when in uniform.

608. Soldiers, at all times and in all &dons, pay the same

compliments to officers of the Army, Navy, and Marines, and to

all officers of the Volunteers and Militia in the sservice of the

United States, a# to officers of their own particular regiments

. and corps.

CARE OF PUBLIC ANIMALS.

300. After an animal has been assigned, his rider

shall not exchange or surrender him to the use of any

or driver

other per-

son without the written permission of the captain of his company

or of the otlicer responsit$e for him.

301. Evenly horse should be reshod at least ohce a month.

302. Every toldier must examine his animal’s feet after every

day’s work, to ascertain that his shoes arein good order, and be

. held responsible that his animal is at all.times fit for immediate

service. This duty is by no means to be omitted on the march.303. The farrier must examine every animal’s feet systemat-

ically twice a week, to replace broken nails, fasten loose shoes,

and reduce projecting clinches. The appearance of thrush, or

any unhealthy condition of the feet, must be, without delay, re-

ported to the vet,erinary surgeon.

304. A horse’s fret should be stuffed with wet clay or cow ,manure at least once a week.

305. Horses should be groomed at least au hour and a half to

two hours each day. They are to be rubbed dry after being used,

and not allowed to stand without rubbing when heated. The

nostrils should occasionally be sponged with a weak mixture of

vinegar and water.

with castile soap and

The sheath must

then greased.

be washed once a monih



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306. A horse should never while heated be wet by use of a

hose or stream of water, and never with cold water. *307. Feed must be prepared with great care, kept free,froe

dust, foreign substances, and bad odors. Frequent feeding in

small quantities is best. When practicable, bran-mash is to b!

given once a week; never,oftener than twice a week, except to

purge. _ Salt should be given at least once a week.

308. Watering before fredin g is not objectionable; drinking

while warm, or after eating until an hour has elapsed, is to be

avoided, if possible. On the march frequent watering is prefer-able, but should only be done by order of the commanding officer

present. An animal will rarely drink enough very early in the

morning.

309. Stables and their vicinity are to be kept thoroughLy po-

liced, free from smells, and well whitewashed; feed-boxes clean

and washed with vinegar and water once a week. ’ Due care

must be given to ventilation, according to the weather, avoiding

both injudicious exposure to draughts and cold, and exclusion

of air to prevent cold.

310. An animal with glanderti or threatening discharge from ,the nostrils is immediately to be isolated and kept, tied to pre-

vent infection, of which ihere is danger to both m’an and beast.

311. The rack, manger, and every part of the wood and irou

work of the stall wheke an animal with glanders or farcy has

stood, HS also the vessels used in watering or feeding him, mustbe thoroughly cleansed with hot water and soap. They are then

to be covered with wash of quicklime, fresh mixed, which mnst

be scraped off and reyewed after an interval of two days.

312. After Ohe disease in any animal has become infectious,

such equipments which may have been used with him as are

liable to become infected, and all horse-cloths, saddle-cloths, and

blankets used with glandered animals, must be deatroyed.

313. On the plains, where forage cannot be obtained, graziug

should be allowed at every spare moment. For this purpose

bits should always be removed and g’irths loosened. When

picketed for grazing, the places should be frequently changed.

Grazing should always be allowed as long as possible, early in

the morning, when dew is on the grass.

314. To prevent stampeding in camp on the plains, if the men

of rhe command go among the animals quietly, but promptly,

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on the first evidence of fright, and speak to them, they ii11 in

most cases be quieted. *After animals have been stampeded,

if t&y are new to the service, men should mount the fastest

animals within reach, place themselves in front of those running,

and lead them back to camp. With old horses, the sound of the

’ stable call will often prevent stampeding, or stop them when

running.

315. In marching, the walk should be the habitual giit, and

should not, under ordinary circumstances, be exceeded when

grazing only is relied on. When forage car; be obtained, horsesmay occasionally trot, say a mile in every hour’s march. Unless

the march be a forced one, horses must always be allowed to

walk at iut,ervalx.

l 316. The gallop very soon breaks down horses, and is strictly

prohibited on marches, escorts, express, and all other duties,

except when absolutely nedessary.

-317. On marches, under whatever circumstances, a halt should

be made at the end 04 an hour after starting, and the saddles,

saddle-kits, bridles, &c., readjusted, and girths tightened.

SOLDIEHS’ UNIFORM.

183. Soldiers will wear the prescribed uniform in camp or

garrison, and will not be permitted to keepin their‘ possession

any other clothing. When on fatigue parties, they will wear

the proper fatigue dress.

ARMS.

185, Arms will not be taken to pieces by soldiers &less by

permission of a commissioned officer. nor ,under any circum-

stances will attempts be permitted to beautify or change the

finish of the exterior by altering the metallic or wooden parts.

Arms shall not be left loaded in quarters or tents, or when the

men are off duty, except under special orders. The use of

tompions in small-arms is prohibited. The surface of the bore

will be protected&om rust by occasional use of an oiled rag.

CERTIFI CATES OF MERIT.

248. The certificates authorized by be&ion 1216, Revised

Statutes, will be awarded only for acts of extraordinary gal-

lantry in presence of the enemy, which acts must be specific

and certified to by an eye-witness, preferably the ,immediate



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commanding of&er of the soldier. Good standing and undoubted

cuurage in a soldier will also be required to entitle him to a cer-

tificate of merit.

250. The extra pay granted on certificate of merit commences

at the date of the act of gallantry for which the certificate is

granted, This extra pay is two dollars per month while the

soldier remains continhously in service.

251. Certificates of merit will not be granted to persons notin the military service of tke United States at the date of appli-

cation for them.

252. Should a soldier die before receiving a certificate con-

ferred upon him, it will be deposited in the office of the Second

Auditor of the Treasury for the benefit of his heirs,

253. In case the soldier is discharged before the certificate is

issued, it will be retained in the office of the Adjutant GenmI

until called for, whe& proof of the identity of the applicant will

be required. ’

POST SCHOOLS.

559. The teachers and schools will be under the control of the

post commauder, or such officer as the post commander may

designate. . ,

560. School teachers will be detailed from the enlisted men‘

of the Army. The number of teachers detailed will not exceed

one for each company serving at the post.

562. A soldier while serving as school teacher will receive

extra-duty pay as overseer (35 cents per day) from the Quar-

termaster’s Department, not deducting for Saturdays and Sun-

days. *

563. Soldiers while detailed as school teachers wil l attend such

parades, inspections, and drills as, in the judgment of the post

commander, are necessary to keep them well instructed in their

company duties.

564. While it is left optional with soldiers whether to at‘tend

school or not, yet they are advised to avail themselveshof the

means afforded to improve themselves, and commanding officers

will not Only give them all possible opportunities, but advise

and encourage them to use t&em.

* The extra pay allowed

is allo‘wed extra p&y for the

echool teachers

‘whole month.

is not bY vacation. He

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SOLDIERS’ HOME.

242. An honest and faithful service of twenty years in the

Army entitles a soldier to admission to the Soldiers’ Home; but

applicat.ions for discharge by reason of twenty years’ service

will not be entertained unless the soldier is a fit subject for dis-

charge on certificate of disability, or upon condition thatshe shall

enter the Soldiers’ Home.

837. When a soldier, by reason of old aie and long service,or of disability contracted in the line of duty, becomes a candi-

date for admission to the Soldiers’ Home, his company com-

mander will so report, through proper military channels, to the

Adjutant General of the Army, giving all details that. may be

needed for a full understanding of the case, including the date

of enlistment, with cox%npany and regimrnt, for each term of his

service, and a statement of the origin or cause and of the nature

of any disability which may exist. The certificate of a medical

officer will be forwarded with the papers. This rbpott will be

referred t,o the board of commissioners of the .Home, and if, in

their opinion, th? soldier be entitled to become an inmate, the

necessary authority will be given for his discharge, which will

be made at the place where he may be serving. Afterwards he

map proceed to Washington and report to the board of commis-

sioners for admission to the Home.PAYMENT OF ENLISTED MEN.

2448. When a company is paraded for payment, the officer in

command shall attend the pay-table, witness the payment, and

certify at the foot of the muster and pay-rolis that payment of

the company was witnessed by him. All enlisted men present

for payment with their companies or detachments shall receipt

upon the pay-roll for amount due them thereon. When soldiers

cannot write, but sign by mark, each case must be witnessed by

a commissioned officer. Paymasters are not authorized to make

payment to any other than the soldier in person, and any pay

of a soldier intrusted to a third party will be at the risk of the.

paymaster making the payment.

2449. The paymaster will deduct from the pay of all enlisted

men twelve and a half cents per month for the support of the

Soldiers’ Home, and also the amount of the authorized stop-pages entered on the muster-roll, descriptive-list, or certificate

of discharge.



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DEPOSITS. ’

2456. The following are the regulations established underI.

section 1307, Revised Statutes :., soldiers may deposit wibh the paymaster any portion of their

savings, in sums not less than five dollars, the same to remain

so deposited until final payment on discharge.

The .paymaster will furqish each depositor, with, a deposit-

book, in which each deposit made will be entered in the form‘ of

a certificate, signed by the paymaster and the company com-mander, setting forth the date, place, and amount (in words and

figures) of deposit, and the name of soldier making same.

The company commander shall keep in the ‘company record-

book an account of every deposit made by the soldier; and

after each regular payment he, and all officers having charge of

distinct detachments of; enlisted men at date of deposit, * hall

transmit direct to the P%ymaster General a list of names of de-

positors, showing in each case the date, place, and amount .of

deposit, and name .of paymaster receiving the same.

In case a soldier who has made a former deposit has been

t.ransferred to anothe; company or regiment, or is made ordnance

sergeant, or commis8ary sergeant, or hospital steward, the fact.of such transfer shall be noted in the list sent to the Paymaster.General, so that the identity of the depositor may be matter of

record in the otlice of the Paymaster Getieral.In case of the transfer of a soldier, his descriptive roll will be

made to exhibit the date and amount of each separate deposit.

On the discharge of a soldier, the date and amount (in words

and figures) of each deposit will be entered upon his final state-

ments; and his deposit-book will be taken up by the paymaster

who makes final payment, and filed with his voucher. In case

the deposits of a soldier are forfeited by desertion, the amounts

of the same should not be entered under the head of “Due sol-

dier” on the final statements, but should, with the facts and

authority for such forfeiture, be entered in the ” Remarks:” ’Before delivering to discharged soldiers final statements upon

which deposits are credited, the officer signing the statements

will ascertain if the soldier has the deposit-book in his possession.

If so, he should be instructed to present it, with his final state-

ments, to the ‘paymaster.

Should he claim to have lost the deposit-book, the officer will

cause the soldier’s a%davit to the facts to be made (before a\jddge advocate or post adjutant) in duplicate and attachid to.

the statements.

The affidavit should clearly set forth the facts and cilcum-

stances of loss of the’book, and that the soldier has not sdld or

assigned it.

Upon this evidence the paymaster may pay without the deposit-

book, and the responsibility for the correctness of the amounts

credited on the statements will rest wholly with the officer certi-fying them.

Paymasters will make no.payment of depos,$s excepting on

&al statements. 0

When repayment is not made on final statements; the soldier

should forward the depssit-book, or the evidence above described,

to the Paymaster General’s Office, where alone such claims will

be settled.

The attention of enlisted men should be called to the import-.

ante of preserving deposit-books as the only certain means of

insuring absolutely correct repayment. without delay.

On the death of,a soldi&, account shall be made of each deposit

in the inventory of his effects, and on the accompanying final

statements, with which his deposit-book will be filed. The

separate and accurate statement, by date and amount, of each

deposit is absolutely essential to the correct’calcalation of interest.

For any sums not less than five dollars deposited for the

period of six months or longer, the soldier, on his final discharge,

alla11 be paid interest at the rate of four per cent. per annum.

Deposits and interest thereon are forfeited by desertion, but

are wholly exempt from forfeiture by sentence of court.-martial

and from liability for the soldier’s debts.

Paymasterswill forward with each account an abstract of sol-

diers’ deposits, if any, received by them during the time embraced

therein. The abstract will set. forth the name, company, and

regiment of each depositor, with the date and amount of his

deposit. The gross amount of the abstract will be carried to

the account current under the appropriation of “Pay of the

Army” for the fiscal year in which the deposits were received.

The amount may be disbursed by the paymaster under the same

appropriation.

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The amounts of deposits aud interest thereon paid’on final

statements will be charged by the paymaster to “Pay of the

Army” for the fiscal year in ‘which the soldier,is discharged.

,The Paymaster General will keep in his office such record as

may be hecessary to show the deposits made by the enlisted men

of the Army.

EXTRA-DUTY PAY.

399. Non-commissioned officers and soldiers employed under

section 1287, Revised Statutes, are to be mustered as extra-duty

men. Commanding officers wilL see that no man is paid as anoverseer or mechanic who is not actually employed as such, and

no soldier shall be rated at the higher pay except by their order.

Non-commissioned officers of the line of th Army shall not be

allowed and paid extra-duty pay except as “ overseers” (when

‘the working force is large enough to warrant an ‘I overseer “);

but non-commissioned officers of the Signal Corps and of the

General Service Detachments on duty in the War Department

and its bureaus, or at army, division, department, and district

headquarters, and at snperintendencies of the recruiting service,

shall be allowed and paid extra-duty pay as prescribed by the

Regulations.

- 403 Enlisted men of the Ordnance Department are not entitled

to extra-duty pay when employed as artificers or laborers in the

construction of permanent military works, public roads, or other

con&ant labor; but when employed continuondly in hospitals ascooks and nurses, for a period of not less than ten days, they

are entitled to the benefits of paragraph 2299 of the Regulations.

Hospital stewards and ordnance and commissary sergeants will

not receive extra-duty pay unless under special authority of the

Secretary of War.

404. Company farriers, blacksmiths, andwagonersshall receive

no extra pay except when detailed on extra duty in the Quarter-

,master’s Department wholly disconnected with their companibs;

nor shall the detail cf artificers on extra dutp in the Quarter-

master’s or Subsistence Departments be permitted.

405. Soldiers detailed as acting superintendents of national

cemeteries while so acting are entitled to extra pay as overseers.

408. No extra-duty pay will be paid to any enlisted men

employed as clerks except in the manner authorized by the

Regulations.

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409. Soldiers employed as scouts are not to be paid extra-duty

pay, it being a military duty to which they are liable.

; 410. A prisoner undergoing sentence is not to receive extra-

duty pay.

411. Enlisted men being liable to perform guard and other

military duty are entitled to extra pay when employed on extra

duty ,more than ten days in a month, though the employment

may not have been continuous.

412. Eight hours constitutes a day’s work for all persons who

are employed and paid by the day, by or on behalf of the Govern-ment of the United States. This does not extend to persons

who are paid regular salaries. Watchmen, clerks, messengers,

and others, whose time may be necessary at any or all hours,

are not considered to be embraced within the terms of the law.

413. Men on extra-duty pay will be held to such hours as

may be expedient and necessa?y; but except in case of urgent

public necessity, as in military operations, when they must work

regardless of hours, not more than ten hours’ labor should be

required. But when more than eight hours’ work is required

in any one civil day, the soldier rendering the service will be

paid for more than a day’s labor, in proportion to the time

actually employed.

2299. Enlisted men employed continuously in hospitals 6s

cooks and nurses, under existing regulations, for a period of not

less than ten days, will be paid twenty cents per day as extra-

duty pay by the Paymaster General on the hospital tiuster-

rolls, when the men so employed are properly mustered as

entitled to it.

RE-ENLISTMENT PAY.

2451. The rate of pay prescribed in section 1282, Revised

Statutes, is payable to the following classes of men :1. Those who are entitled to longevity pay for re-enlistment

nbder the provisions of the act of August 4, 1854.

2. Those who have at any time re-enlisted under the terms

of that act, though not enbitled to longevity pay thereunder

because of failure to remain continuously in service.

Men of class 1 will be indicated on the muster-rolls by the

remarks prescribed in paragraph 2453.

Those of class 2 will be indicated by the remark: “&titled

to re-enlistment pay.” Lack of sufficient evidence to establish

.



.

20 ’ .

a claim to re-enlistment pay will be supplied by application to

the Adjutant General.

2452. Men serving under a second, third, fourth, &c., enliet-

meht, but who never “re-enlisted” under the act of August 4,

1854, will only be entitled to the pay provided in sections 1280

and 1281, Revised Statutes.

LONGEVITY PAY OF ENLJSTXD MEN.

‘2453. Under section l284, Revised Statutes, a soldier who

completes a term of five years’ continuous service, and re-enlists

*thin thirty days thereafter, is entitled to an additional allow-

ance of $2 per month ; and for each successive and continuous

re-enlistment under the same conditions he is entitled to a

further addition of $1 per month. The rate of allowance is

indicated on the rolls by the remark : “$2 per mo. for five. years’.continuous service ; ” “$3 per mo. for ten years’ contmuous

service;” “$4 per mo. for fifteen years’ continuous service,” &c.

RETAlNED PAY.

2454. The retained pay provided for the discharged soldier,

(‘but to be forfeited unless he shall have served honestly and

faithfully to the date of discharge,” by sections 1281 and 1282,

Revised Statutes, shall be withheld for the following causes,

either of which shall be noted on the final statements: .

1. Desertion during the period of enlistment.

2. When discharged (by way of punishment for an offense)

before expiration of term of service by sentence of court-martial,

or by order from the War Department specifying that such for-

feiture shall be made.

3. Conviction and imprisonment by the civil authorities.

4. When discharged as a minor, or for other cause involving

fraud on his part in the enlistment.

5. Repeated trials by court-martial and punishmenm for mis-

conduct, of which timely report shall be made to the War

Department and approved as basis of forfeiture. In which case

the soldier shall be discharged without character, and shall not

be re-enlisted.

LAWS RELATIN GTO THE MILITARYSERVICE,

(FROM THE REVISED STATUTES.)

$

PAY OF ENLISTED MEN.

SECTION 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted

men of the Army shall, during their first term of enlistment, be

as follows, with the contingent [conditions] [additions] thereio,

hereinafter provided :

/Sergeant-majors of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, twenty-

three dollars.

Quartermaster-sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and infantry,

twenty-three dollars.

Chief trumpeters of cavalry, twenty-two dollars.

Principal musicians of artillery and infantry, twenty-two

k

dollars.

Saddler-sergeants of cavalry, twenty-two dollars.

First sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and_ infantry, tmenty-

/-two dollars.

Sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, seventeen dol-

lars.

i.

/j ,

Corporals of cavalry and light artillery, fifteen dollars.

Corporala of artillery and infantry, fifteen dollars.

Saddlers of cavalry, fifteen dollars

Blacksmiths and farriers of cavalry, fifteen dollars.

Trumpeters of cavalry, thirteen dollars.

Musicians of artillery and infantry, thirteen dolIars.

Privates of cavalry, artil ery, and infantry, thirteen dollars.

Hospital-stewards, first class, thirty dollars.

Hospital-stewards, second class, twenty-two dollars.

Hospital-stewards, third class, twenty dollars.

Ordnauce-sergeants of posts, thirty-four dollars.

Sergeant-majors of engineers, thirty-six dollars.

Quartermaster-sergeants of engineers, thirty-six dollars.

Sergeants of engineers and ordnance, thirty-four dollars.

Corporals of engineers and ordnance, twenty dollars.

Musicians of engineers, thirteen dollars.

(21)

. c



.’ 22

Privates (first class) of engineers and ordnance, seventeen

dollars.

Privates (second class) of engineers and ordnance, thirteen

doll&s.

ADDITIONAL PAY.

SEC. 1281. To the rates of pay stated in the preceding sec-

tion one dol,lar per month shall be added for the third year of

enlistment, one dollar more per m6nth for the fourth year, and

one dollar more per month for the fifth year, making in all threedollars’ increase per month *for the last year of the first enlist-

ment of each enlisted man named in said section. But this

,increase shall be considered as retained pay, and shall not be

paid to the soldier until his discharge from the service, and

shall be forfeited unless he serves honestly and faithfully to the

date of discharge.

RE-ENLISTMENT PAY.

SEC. 1282. All enlisted men mentioned in section twelve hun-

dred and eighty, who, having been honorably discharged, have

re-enlisted or shall re-enlist within one month thereafter, shall,

after five years’ service, including their first enlistment, be paid

at the rate allowed in said section to those serving in the fifth

year of their first enlistment : Provided, That one dollar per

month shall be retained from the pay of the re-en&ted men, of

whatever grade, named in section twelve hundred and eighty-

one during the whole period of their re-enlistment, to be paid

to the soldier on his discharge, but to be forfeited ut~less he

shall have served honestly and faithfully to the date of dis-

charge.

SERVICE PAY OF MEN ALREADY IN SERVICE.

SEC. 1283. Enlisted men, now in the service, shall receive

the rates of pay established .in this chapter according to the

length of their service.

ON RE-ENLISTMENT.

SEC. 1284. Every soldier who, having been honorably dis-

charged, re-enlists within one month thereafter, shall be further

entitled, after five years’ service, including his first enlistment,

23

to receive, for the period of five years next thereafter, two dol-

lars per month in addition to the ordinary pay of his grade ; and

fdr each successive perio,d of five years of service, so long as he

shall remain continuously in the Army, a further sum of one

dollar per month. The past continuous service, of soldiers now

in the Army, shall be taken into account, and shall entitle such

soldier to additional pay according t,o this rule; but services

rendered prior to August fourth, eighteen hundred and’tifty-

four, shall In no case be accounted as more than one enlistment.

ON CERTIFICATE OF MERIT..

Sec. 1285. A certificate of merit granted to a private soldier

by the President for distinguished services shall entitle him to

additional pay at the rate of two dollars per month, while he

remains continuously in the service; and such certificate of

merit granted t,o a private soldier who served in the war with

Mexico shall entitle him to such additioual pay, although he

may not have remained continuously in the service.

NON-COMMiSSIONED OFFICERS OF MEXICAN WAR.

SEC. 1286. Non-commissioned officers who served in the war

with Mexico, and have been recommended by the commanding

officers of their regiments for promotion by brevet to the lowest

grade of commissioned officer, but have not received’such rec-

ommended promotion, shall be entitled to additional pay at the

rate of two dollars per month, although they may not have

remained continuously in the service.

EXTRA DUTY.

SEC. 1287. When soldiers are detailed for employment as

artificers or laborers in the construction of permaneut military

works, public roads, or other constant labor of not less than ten

days’ duration, they shall receive, in addition to their regular

pay, the following compensation : Privates working as artificers,

and non-commissioned officers employed as overseers of such

work, not exceeding one overseer for twenty men, thirty-five

cents per day, and privates employed as laborers, twenty cents

per day. This allowance of extra pay shall not apply to the

troops of the Ordnance Department.



24

TRAVRL-PAY TO SOLDIERS .

SEC. 1290. When a soldier is honorably discharged from the

service, [except by way of punishment for an.offense,] he shall

beallowed traneportation and subsistence from the place of his

discharge to the place of his enlistment, enrollment, or original

muster iuto the service. The Government mayfurnish,the same

in kind, but in case it shall not do so, he shall be allowed travel-

pay and commutation of subsistence for such time as may be

sufllcient for him to travel from the place of discharge to theplace of his enlistment, enrollment, or original muster into the

service, computed at, the rate of one day for every tweuty miles.

SOLDIERS’ PAY NOT ASSIGKABLE.

SRC. 1291. No assignment of pay by a non-commissioned

‘officer or private, previous to his discharge, shall be valid

_ FOR ARTICLES PURCHASED.

~EC. 1300. The amouut due from any enlisted man for articles

designated by the inspectors-general of the Army, and sold to

him on credit by commissaries of subsistence, shall be deducted

from the payment made to him next after such sale shall have

been reported to the Paymaster-General.

FOR TOBACCO PURCHASED.

SEC. 1301. The amount due from any enlisted man for tobacco<old to him at cost prices by the United States shall be deducted

from his pay in the manner provided for the setcement of cloth-

ing accoutM.

CLOTHTSG ALLOWANCES AND DEDVCTIONS.

SEC. 1302. The money value of all clothing overdrawn by

the soldier beyond his allowance shall be charged against him,

every six mouths, on the muster-roll of his company, or on his

fiual statements if sooner discharged, and he shall receive pay

for such articles of clothing as have not been issued to him in

any year, or which may be due to him at the time of his dis-

charge, according to the annual estimated value thereof. The

amount due him for clothing, when he draws less than hia allow-

ance, shall uot be paid to him until his fiual dischatge from the

service.

25

FOR DAMAGE TO ARMS.

SEC. 1303. The cost of repairs or damages done to arms9 equip-

ments, or implements, shall be’ deducted from the pay of any

officer or soldier in whose care or use the same were when such

damages occurred, if said damages were occasioned by the abuse

or negligence of said officer or soldier.

F. (

h

.

1%

I

..

,



EYTRACTSFROM THE ARTICLESOF WAR.

(RELATING TO ENLISTED MEN.)

. 1

1

SECTION 1342. The armies of the United States shall be gov-

erned by the following rules and articles. The word officer, as

us&d therein, shall be understood to designate commissione4

officers; the.word soldier shall be understood to idclude non-com-

missioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates, and other

enlisted men, and the convictions mentioned therein shall be

understood to be convictions by court-martial.

ARTICLES TO BE READ TO RECRUITS.

ART. 2. These rules and articles shall be read to every en-

listed man at the time of, or within six days after, his enlistment,

and he shall thereupon take an oath or affirmation in the follow-

ing form: “I, A. B , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will

bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America;

that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their

enemies whomsoever; and that I will obey the orders of the

President of the United States, and the orders of the o-fficers ap-

pointed over me, according to the r&s and articles of war.”

This oath may be taken before any commissioned officer of the

Army.

DISCHARGES.

ART. 4. No enlisted man, duly sworn, shall be discharged

from the service without a discharge in writing, signed by a

field-officer of the regiment to which he belongs, or by the com-

manding officer, when no field-officer is present; and no discharge

shall begiven to any enlisted man before his term of service has

expired, except by order of the President., the Secretary of War,

the commanding officer of a department, or by sent.qnce of a gen-

eral court-martial.

FCRLOUGHS.

ART. 11. Every officer commanding a regiment or an inde-

pendent. troop, battery, pr company, not in the field, may, when

actually quartered with such command, grant furloughs to the

enlisted men, in such numbers and for such time as he shall deem

‘( 27). _ .

I



\28

consistent with the good of the service. Every officer command-

ing a regiment, or an indepeudent troop, battery, or company?

in the field, may grant furloughs not exceeding thirty days at

one time, to five per centum of the enlisted men, for good con-

duct in the liue of duty, but subject to the approval of the com-

mander of the forces of which said enlisted men form a part.

Every company officer of a regiment, commanding any troop,

battery, or company not in the field, or commanding in any g&r-r

rison, fort, post, or barrack, may, in the absence .of his field-

officer, grant furloughs to the enlisted men, for a time not ex-

ceeding twenty days in six months, and not to more than two

persons to be absent at the same time.

WASTISG AMMUNITION.

ART. 16. Any enlisted man who sells, or willfully or through

neglect wastes the at.nmunition delivered out to him, shall be pun-

ished as a court-martial may direct.

LOSING OR SPOILING ACCOUTERMENTS, tiTC.

,ART. 17. Any soldier who se lls or, through neglect, loses or

spoils his horse, arms, clothing, or accouterments, shall suffer

such stoppages, not exceeding one-half of his current pay, as a

court-martial may deem sufficient for repairing the loss or damage,

and shall be punished by confinement or such other corporal

punishment as the court may direct.

DISRESPIECTFUL WORDS AGAIN& THE PRESIDENT, ETC.

ART. 19. Any officer who uses contemptuous or disrespectful

words against, the President, the Vice-President, the Congress

of the United States, or the chief magistrate or legislature of any

of the United States in which he is quartered, shall be dismissed

from the service, or otherwise punished, as a court-martial may

direct. Any soldier who so offends shall be punished as a court-

martial may direct.

DISRESPECT TOWARD COMMANDING OFFICER.

ART. 20. Any officer or soldier who behaves himself with dis-

respect toward his commanding officer shall be punished as a

court-martial may direct.

STRIKING A SUPERIOR OFFICER.

ART. 21. Any officer or soldier who, on any pretense what-

soever, strikes his superior officer, or draws or lifts up any

29_w

weapon, or offers any violence against him, being in the execn-

tion of his office, or disobeys any lawful command of his superior

dfficer, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-

martial may direct.

MUTINY.

IART. 22. Any officer or soldier who begins, excites, causes, or

ai--joins in any mutiny or sedition, in ?ny troop, battery, company,

party, post, detachment, or guard, shall suffer death, or such

other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

QUARRELS AND FRAYS.

ART. 24. All officers, of whb condition soever, have power to

part and quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders, whether among

persons belonging to his own or to another corps, regiment, troop,

battery, or company, and to order officers into arrest, and non-

commissioned officers and soldiers into confinement, who take

part in the same, until their proper superior officer is acquainted

therewith. And whosoever, being so ordered, refuses tq obey

such officer or non-commissioned officer, or draws a weapon upon

4r

him, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.

REPROACHFUL OR PROVOKING SPERCHES.

ART. 25. No otlicer or soldier shall use ally reproachful or

provoking speeches or gestures to another. Any officer who so

offends shall be put in arrest. Any soldier who so offends shall

be co&led, and required to ask pardon of the party offended, in

tbe presence of his commanding officer.

_

CHALLENGES TO FIGHT D,UELS.

ART. 26. No‘officer or soldier shall send a challenge to another

officer or soldier to fight a duel, or accept a challenge so sent.

Any officer who so offends shall be dismissed from the service.

Any soldier who so offends shall suffer such corporal punishment

as a court-martial may direct.

‘ALLOWING PERSONS TO GO OUT ANDPROMOTERS.

SECONDS AND

ART. 27. Any officer or non-commissioned officer, command-

ing a guard, who, knowingly and willingly, suffers any person

to go forth to fight a duel, shall be punished as a challenger;

and all seconds or promoters of duels, and carriers of challenges



r e g i m e n t , t r oop , ba t t e r y , c om pa ny , pos t , o r de t a c hm e n t , w ho

know 8 o r ha 8 r e a 8on t o be li e ve t ha t a c ha l l e nge ha 8 be e n g i ve ?

o r a c c e p t e d by a ny o f fi c e r o r e n l i s t e d m a n u nde r h i 8 c pm m a n d ,

i m m e d i a t e l y t o a r r e s t t he o f fe nde r a nd b r i ng h i m t o t r i a l .

UPBR AIDING ANOTHER FOR RRFUSIXG CHALLENGE.

A R T . 28 . A ny o f fi c e r o r s o l d i e r w ho upb r a i ds a uo t , he r o5c e r

’ or s o l d i e r f o r r e f us i ng a c ha l l e nge s ha l l h i m s e l f be pun i s he d a 8

a c ha l l e nge r ; a l t d a l l o5c e r s a nd s o l d i e r s a r e he r e by d i s c ha r ge d

f r o r p a ny d i s g r a c e o r op i n i on o f d i s a dva n t a ge w h i c h m i gh t a r i s e

f r om t he i r ha v i ng r e f us e d t o a c c e p t c h a l l e nge s , a 8 t he y w i l l on l y

ha ve a c t e d i n obe d i e nc e t o t he l a w , a n d ha ve done t he i r d u t y a 8

good s ol d i e r s , w ho s ub j e c t t he m s e l ve s t o d i s c i p l ine .

WRONGS TO SOLDIERS ; REDRESS OF.

ART. 3 0 . A ny s o l d i e r w ho t h i nks h i m s e lf w r onge d by a ny

of fi c e r m a y c om pl a i n t o t he c om m a kl d i ng o f fi c e r o f h i 8 r e g i m e n t ,

w ho s ha l l s um m on a r e g i m e n t a l c ou r t - m a r t i a l f o r t he do i ng o f

j u s t i c e t o t he c om pl a i na n t . E i t he r p a r t y m a y a ppe a l f r om s uc h

r e g i m e n t a l c ou r t - m a r t i a l t o a ge ne r a l c ou r t - m a r t i a l ; bu t i f . upon

s uc h s e c ond he a r i ng , t he a ppe a l a ppe a r 8 t o be g r ound l e 88 a nd

ve xa t i ous , t he pa r t y a ppe a l i ng s ha l l be pun i s he d a t t he d i s c r e - ,.

t i on o f s a i d ge ne r a l c ou r t - m a r t i a l .

LYING OUT OF QUARTERS.

ART. 3 1 . A ny o f fi c e r o r s o l d i e r w ho l i e 8 ou t o f h i 8 qua r t e r s ,

gm r i s on , o r c a m p , w i t hou t l e a ve f r om h i s s upe r i o r o f fi c e r , s ha l l

be pun i s he d a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t .

SOLDIER ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE.

A R T . 32 . A ny s o l d i e r w ho a bs e n t 8 h i m s e l f f r om h i s t r oop , ba t -

t e r y , c om pa n y , o r de t a c hm e n t , w i t hou t l e a ve f r om h i s c om m a nd -

i ng o f fi c e r , s ha l l be pun i s he d a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t . ,

ABSENCE F ROM PARADE WITHOUT LEAVE.

A R T . 33. A ny o5ce r o r s o l d i e r w ho f a i ls , e xc e p t w he n p r e -

ve n t e d by si c kne s s o r . o t he r ne c e s s i t y , t o r e pa i r , a t t he f i xe d

t i m e , t o t he p la c e o f pa r a de , e xe r c i s e , o r o t he r r e nde z vous a p -

po i n t e d by h i s c om m a nd i ng o f fi c e r , o r goe s fr om t he s a m e , w i t h -

30 1

t o f i gh t due l 8 , s ha l l be de e m e d p r i nc i pa l s , a nd pun i s he d a c c o r d -

i ug l y . I t s ha l l be t he du t y o f a ny o5c e r c om m a nd i ng a n a r m y , ._

1/

/14

T

Ls

31

ou t l e a ve fr om h i s c om m a n d i ng o f fi c e r , be fo r e he i s d i s m i s e e d o r

r e l i e ve d , s ha l l be dun i e he d a 8 a c ou r t - m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t .

:ONE MILE FROM CAMP WITHOUT LEAVE.

A R T . 34 . A ny s o l d i e r w ho i s f ouud one m i l e f r om c a m p , w i t h -

ou t l e a ve i n w r i t i ng f r om h i s c om m a n d i ng o5c e r , s ha l l be pun-

i s he d a 8 a c ou r t - m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t .

FAILING TO RETIRE AT RETREAT.

A R T . 35. Any s o l d i e r w ho f a i l 8 t o r e t i r e t o h i s qua r t e r s o r

t e n t a t t he be a t i ng o f r e t r e a t , s ha l l be pun i s he d - a c c o r d i ng t o t he

na t u r e o f h i s o f fe ns e .

HIRING DUTY.

ART. 36. No soldier , belongin g to an : - regim ent , t roo p, bat ter y,

o r c om pa n y s ha l l h i r e a no t he r t o do h i 8 du t y f o r h i m , o r be e x -

c us e d f r om d u t y , e xc e p t i n c a s e 8 o f 8 i Ckne 88 , d i s a b i l i t y , o r l e a ve

o f a bs e nc e . E ve r y s uc h s o ld i e r f ound gu i l t y o f h i r i ng h i 8 du t y ,

a nd t he pe r s on 80 h i r e d t o do a no t he r ’8 du t y , s ha l l be pun i s he d

a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t .

CONNIVING AT HIRING DUTY.

A R T . 37 . E ve r y non- c om m i s s i one d o f fi c e r w ho conn i ve 8 a t

s uc h h i r i ng o f du t y s ha l l be r e du c e d . E ve r y o f fi c e r w ho know s

a nd a l l ow s s uc h p r a c t i c e s s ha l l be pun i s he d a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l

m a y d i r e c t .

DRUNK ON DUTY.

A R T. 38 . A ny o f f i c e r w ho i 8 f ound d r unk on h i s gua r d , pa r t y ,

o r o t he r du t y , s h a l l be d i s m i s s e d f r om t he s e r v i c e . Any soldier

w ho 80 o f fe nd8 s ha l l s u f f e r s uc h pun i s hm e n t a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l

.ay di re ct , . [N o c our t - m a r t i a l s ha l l s e n t e nc e a ny s o l d i e r t o be

b r a n de d , m a r ke d , o r t a t t ooe d . ] I

SE hT I N E L SL E E PI N G O N P_O ST .

A R T. 39 . A ny s e n t i ne l w h o i s f ound s l e e p i ng upon h i 8 po8 t ,

o r w ho l e a ve s i t be f o r e he i e r e gu l a r l y r e l i e ve d , s ha l l s u f fe r de a t h ,

o r s u c h o th e r p u n i s h m e n t a s a c o u r t -m a r t i a l m a y d i r e c t ,

QUITTING GUARD, ETC. , WITHOUT LEAVE.

A R T. 40 . Any o f fi c e r o r s o l d i e r w ho qu i t s h i 8 gua r d , p l a t oon ,

o r d i v i s i on , w i t hou t l e a ve f r om h i 8 s upe r i o r o f fi c e r , e xc e p t i n a

c a s e o f u r ge n t ne c e s s i t y , s ha l l be pun i s he d a s a c ou r t - m a r t i a l

m a y d i r e c t .



32

MISBEHAVIOR BEFORE THE ENEIMY, COWARDICE, ETC.

ART. 42. Any officer or soldier who misbehaves himself be-

fore the enemy, runs away, or shamefully abandons any fort,

post, or guard, which he is commanded to defend, or speaks

words inducing others to do the like, or casts away his arms or

ammunition, or quits his post or colors to plunder or pillage,

shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial

may direct.

COMPELLING A SURRENDER.

ART. 43. If auy commander of any garrison, fortress, or post

is compelled, by the officers and soldiers under his command, to

give up to the enemy or to abandon it, the OffiCerS or soldiers SO

oflending shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a


DISCLOSING WATCHWORD.

ART. 44. Any person belonging to the armies of the United

States who makes known the watchword to any person not en-

titled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war;

or presumes to give a parole or watchword different from that

which he received, shall suffer death, or such oGber punishment aa

a court-martial may direct.

RELIEVING THE ENEMY.

ART. 45. Whoeoeber relieves the enemy with money, victuals,

or ammunition, or kuowingly harbors or protects an enemy,

shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial

may direct.

CORRESPONDING WITH THE ENEMY.

ART. 46. Whosoever holds oorreepondence with, or gives in-

telligence to, the enemy, ei ther directly or indirectly, shall suffer

death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

DESERVION.

ART.. 47. Any officer or soldier who, having received pay, or

having been duly enlisted in the service of the United States,

deserts the same, shall, in time of war, suffer death, or such

other punishment as a court-martial may direct; and in time of

peace, any punishment, excepting death, which a court-martial

may direct.

.

33

DESERTER SHALL SERVE BULL TERM.

ART. 48. Every soldier who deserts the service of the United

States shall be liable to serve for such period as shall, with the

time he may have served previous to his desertion, amount to

the full term of his enlistment; and such soldier shall be tried

by a court-martial and punished, although the term of his en-

listment may have elapsed previous to his being apprehended

and tried.

ENLISTING IN OTHER REGIMENT WITHOUT DISCHARGE.

ART. 50. No non-commissioned otllcer or soldier shall enlist

himself in any other regiment, troop, or company, without a

regular discharge from the regiment, troop, or company in which

he last served, on a penalty of being reputed a deserter, and

suffering accordingly. And in case any officer shall knowingly

receive and entertain such non-commissioned omcer or soldier,

or shall not, after his being discovered to be a deserter, imme-

diately confine him and give not.ice t,hereof to the corps in which

he last served, the said officer shall, by a court-martial, be’cash-

iered. ,

ADVISING TO DESERT.

ART. 51. Any officer or soldier who advises or persuades any

other officer or soldier to desert the service of the United States,

shall, in time of war, suffer death, or such other punishment asR c’ourt-martial may direct; and, in time of peace, any punish-

ishment, excepting death, which a court-martial may direct.

MISCONDUCT AT DIVINE SERVICE.

ART. 52. It is earnestly recommended to all officers and soldiers

diligently to attend divine service. Any officer who behaves inde-

cently or irreverently at any place of divine worship shall be

brought before a general court-martial, there to be publicly and

severely reprimanded by the president thereof, Any soldier who

so offends shall, for his first offense, forfeit one-sixth of a dollar;

for each further offense he shall forfeit a like sum, and shall be

confined twenty-four hours. The money so forfeited shall be de-

ducted from his next pay, and shall be applied, by the captain or

senior officer of his troop, battery, or company, to the use of the

sick soldiers of the same.



34,

PROFANE OATHS.

ART. 53. Any officer who u&s any profane oath or execration

shall, for each offense, forfeit and pay one dollar. Any sol-

dier who so offends shall incur the penalties provided in the

preceding article ; and all moneys forfeited for such offenses

shall be applied as therein provided.

WASTE OR SPOIL, AND OB PROPERTY WlTHOUT,ESTRUCTIONORDERS.

ART. 55. All officers and soldiers are to behave themselves

orderly in quarters and on the march ; and whoever commits any

waste or spoil, either in walks or trees, parks, warrens, fish-‘

-ponds, houses, gardens, grain-fields, inclosures, or meadows, or

maliciously destroys any property whatsoever belonging to

inhabitants of the United States (unless by order of a general

oflicer commanding a separate army in the field), shall, besides

such penalties as he may be liable to by law, be punished as a -


VIOLENCE TO PERSOSS BRINGING PROVISIONS.

ART. 56. Any officer or soldier who does violence to any per- ’son bringing provisions or other necessaries to the camp, garri-

son,or quarters of the forces of the United States in foreign.

parts, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-

martial may dire&.

FORCING A SAFE-GUARD.

ART. 57. Whosoever, belonging to the armies of the United

States in foreign parts, or at any place within the United States

or their Territories during rebellion against the supreme author-

ity of the United States, forces a safe-guard. shall suffer death.

CERTAIN CRIMES DURING REBELLION.

ART. 58. In time of war, insurrection, or rebellion, larceny,

robbery, burglary, arson, mayhem, manslaughter, fiurder, w-

sault and battery with an intent to kill, wounding, by shooting

or stabbing, with an intent to commit murder, rape, or assault

and battery with an intent t; commit rape, shall be punishable

by the sentence of a general court-martial, when committed by

persons in the military service of the United States, and the

.

35 . _

punishment in any such case shall not be less than the punish-:

me& provided, for the like offense, by the laws of the State, Ter-

ritory, or district in which such offense may have been committed,

Ol!‘FENDERS ;rO BE DELIVERED UP TO CIVIL MAGISTRATE.LI

ART. 59. When any officer or soldier is. accused of*& capital

crime, or of any offense against the person or property of any

citizen of any of the United States, which is punishable by the

laws of the land, the commanding officer, and the otlicers of theregiment, troop, battery, company, or detachment, to which the

person so accused belongs, are required,,except in time of war,

upon application duly made by or in behalf of the party injured,

to use their utmost endeavors to deliver him over to the civil

magistrate, and to aid the o&era of justice in apprehending and

securing him, in order to bring him to trial. If, upon such

application, any o%cer refuses or willfully neglects, except in

time of war, to deliver over such accused person .to the civil

magistrates, or to aid the officers of just,ice in apprehending him,

he shall be dismissed from the service. . .

CKRTAIN CRIMES OB FRAUD AGAINST THE UNITED STATES.

ART. 60. Any person in the military service’lof the United

States who makes or causes to be made any claim against the

United States, or any oficer t.hereof, knowing such claim to be

false or fraudulent; orWho presents or causes to be presented to any person in the

civil or military service thereof, for: approval or payment, any

claim against the United States or any officer thereof, knowing

such claim to be false or fraudulent; or

Who enters into any agreement or conspiracy to defraud the

United States by obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the allow-

ance or $ayment of tiny false or fraudulent claim; or

Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain,

the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the

United States or against any officer thereof, makes or uses, or

procures or advises the making or use of, any writing, or other

paper, knowing the same to contain any false or fraudulent state-

ment; or ’Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain,

the approv@, allowance, or_payment of any claim against the



* .‘36

United States or any officer thereof, makes, or procures or advises

the making of, any oath to any fact or to any writing or other

paper, knowing such oath to be false; or

Who, for tb purpose of obtaining; or aiding others to obtain,

the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against, the

United States or any officer thereof, forges or counterfeits, or

procnres or advises the forging or counterfeiting of, any signature.

w ?ny writing or other pap,er, or uses, or procures or advises

the use of, any such signature, knowing the same to be forged or

counterfeited; or

Who, haviug charge, possession, custody or codtrol of any

money or other property of the United States, furnished or in-

‘tended for the military service thereof, knowingly delivers, or

causes to be delivered, to any person having authority to receive

the same, any amount thereof less than that for which he receives

a certificate or receipt; aim

Who, being authorized to make or deliver any paper certifying

the receipt of auy property of the United States, furnished or

intended for the military service thereof, makes, or delivers to

any person, such writing, without having full knowledge of the’

truth of the statements therein contained, and with intent to

defraud the United States ; or

Who steals, embezzles, knowingly aud willfully misappro- .

priates, applies tolhis own use or benefit, or wrongfully or know-ingly sells or disposes of any ordnance, arms, equipments, ammu-

nition, clothing, subsistence stores, money, or other property of

the United States, furnished or intended for the military service

thereof; or

Who knowingly purchases, or receives in pledge for any obli-

gation or indebtedness, from any soldier, officer, or other person

who ix a part of or employed in said forces or service, any ord-

nance, arms, equipments, ammunition, clothing, subsistence

stores, or other property of the United States, such soldier, 0% .cer, or other person not having lawful right to sell or pledge the

same,

Shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine or imprisou-

ment, or by such other punishment as a court-martial may

adjudge. And if any person, being guilty of any of the offenses

aforesaid, while in the military service of the United States,

receives his discharge, or is dismissed from.the service, he shall

G

i ,-b

!

37

continue to be liable to be arrested and held for trial and sentence

by a court-martial, in the same manner and to the same extent

as if he had not received such discharge nor been dismissed.

CRIMES DISORDERS TO PREJUDICECIPLINE.

OF MILITARY

ART. 62. All crimes not capital, and all disorders and neg-

lects, which officers and soldiers may be guiltmy of, to the preju-

dice of good order and military discipline, though not mentionedin the foregoing articles of war, are to be taken cognizance of by

a general, or a regimental, garrison, or field-officers’ court-mar-

tial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, and pun-

ished at the discretion of such court.

ALL TROOPS SUBJECT TO ARTICLES OF WAR.

ART. 64. The officers and soldiers of any troops, whether

militia or others, mustered and in pay of the United States, shall,

at all times and in all places, be governed by the articles of war,

and shall be subject to be tried by court-martial.

SOLDIERS ACCGSED OF CRIMES.

ART. 66. Soldiers charged with crimes shall be co&led until

tried by court-martial, or released by proper authority.

DURATION OF CONFINEMENT.

ART. 70. No officer or soldier put in arrest shall be continued

in confinement more than eight days, or until such time as a

court-martial can be assbmbled.

CITALLENGES BY PRISONER.

ART. 88. Members of a court-martial may be challenged by a

prisoner, but only for cause stated to the court. The court shall

determine the relevancy and validity thereof; and shall not

receive a challenge to more than one member at a time.

PRISONER STANDING MUTE.

ART. 89. When a prisoner, arraigned before a general tour%

martial, from obstinacy and deliberate design, stands mute, or

answers foreign to the purpoae, the court may proceed to trial

and judgment, as if the prisoner had pleaded not guilty.



38

JUDGE ADVOCATE, PROSECUTOR, AND COUNSEL FOR

PRISONER.

ART. 90. The judge advocate, OS some person deputed by him,

or by the general or officer commanding the army, detachment,

or garrison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States,

but when the prisoner has made his plea, he shall so far consider

himself counsel for the‘prisoner as to object to any leading

question to any of the ivitnesses, and to any question to the

prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself,

CONTINUANCES.

* ART. 93. A court-martial shall, for reasonable cause, grant a

continuance to either party, for such time, and as often, Bs may

appear to be just: Provided, That if the prisoner be in close con-

finement, the trial shall not be delayed for a period long& than

sixty days.

FLOGGING.

ART. 9%. No person in the military service shall be punished

by flogging, or by branding, marking, or tattooing on the body.

NO PERSON TRIED TWICE FOR SAME, ETC.

ART. 102. No person shall be tried a second time for the same

offense.

LIMITATION OF TIME OF PROSECUTION,

ART. 103. No person shall be liable to be tried and punished

by a general court-martial for any offense which appears to have

been committed more than two years before the issuing of the

order for such trial, unless by reason of having absented himself,

or of some other manifest impediment, he shall not have been

amenable to justice within that per&d.

PARTY ENTITLED TO A COPY.

ART. 114. Every party tried by a general court-martial shall,

upon demand thereof, made by himself or by auy. person in his

behalf, be entitled to a copy of the proceedings and sentence of

such court.

COURTS OF INQUIRY, HOW ORDERED.

ART. ,l15. A court.of inquiry, to examine into the nature of

any transaction of, or accusation orimputation against, any officer

or soldier, may be ordered by the President or by any command-

ing officer : but, as courts of inquiry may be perverted to dishon-

orable purposes, and may be employed, in the hands of weak

and envious commandants, as engines for the destruction of mili-

tary merit, they shallnever be‘ordered by any commandingotlicer,

except upon R demand by the officer or soldier whose conduct is

to be inquired of.

DECEASED SOLDIER’S EFFECTS.

ART. 126. In case of the death of any soldier, the command-ing officer of his troop, battery, or company shall immediately

secure all his effects then in camp or quarters, and shall, in the

presence of two other officers, make an inventory thereof, which

he shall transmit to the office of the Department of War.

EFFECTS OF DECEASED OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS TO BEACCOUNTED FOR

. ART, 127. Officers charged with the care of the effects of de-

ceased o&ers or -soldiers sball account for and deliver the same,

or the proceeds thereof, to the legal representatives of such de-

ceased o&era or soldiers. And no officer so charged shall be

permitted to quit the regiment or post until he has deposited in

the hands of the commanding officer all the effects of such de-

ceased officers or soldiers not so accounted for and delivered.

ARTICLES OF WAR TO BE PUBLISHED ONCE IN SIX MONTHSTO EVERY REGIMENT, ETC.

ART, 128. The foregoing articles shall be read and published,

once in every six months, to every garrison, regiment, troop, or

company in the service of the United States,.and shall be duly

observed and obeyed by all officers and soldiers in said service.



EXTRACTSROMAIDLEY’SIFLE IRING.

_-

APPENDAGES.

63. To enable the soldier to dismount his rifle for cleaning or

repairs, he is provided with a screw-driver, a tumbler and band-

spring punch, and headless-case extractor.

TO DISMOUNT THE RIFLE.

73. The soldier will use t,he appendages furnished with the

rifle, and no other screw-driver, except with an officer’s permis-

sion, which will not be granted unless the blade of the driver be

broad and fill well the slots in the screw-heads. A small mallet,

or other such wooden instrument, will be required to remove the

lock, and a small hammer to take out the tumbler.

74. The parts will be removed in the following order, and

carefully laid down where t,hey cannot fall, and will not come

in contact with gritty substance:

Unfix the bayonet. .

Insert a plug of soft wood in the muzzle of the barrel.

Draw the ramrod.

Take out the taug-screw.

Retiove the lock. To do this, bring the hammer ‘to the half-‘cock, partly unscrew the side-screws, strike the heads gently

with a wooden instrument to loosen the lock from its bed in the

stock, turn dut the side-screws, and the lock will drop off.

Take out the side-screws without disturbing the washers.

Removk first the upper, and then the lower, band.

Take out the barrel. To do this, bring the rifle to a horizontal

position, barrel underneath, holding it loosely in the left hand in

rear of the rear sight, the right hand grasping the stock at the

small; if it does not leave the stock, strike the plug in the

muzzle gently against the floor: this will detach it.

75. This method is preferable to lifting the barrel out by the

muzzle, because, if the tang of the breech-screw should bind in

the wood, the head of the stock is liable to bG split by first

r?ising the muzzle. /

(41)

3



42

76. Take out the hinge-pin, pressing it out with the tnmbler-

punch until the pin-arm can be seized with the fingers.

Remove the breeqh-block, catching the extractor and ejector-

spring if they fall out.

Remove the extractor and ejector-spring

Unscrew the breech-block cap-screw, loosen the cap with the

point of the screw-driver, and take out the cam-latch.

Remove the cam-latch spring.

Unscrew the firing-pin screw and take out the firing-pin.

77. The foregoing parts are all that it will usually be found

necessary to dismount. The soldier will never remvve, except

on the order of an officer, the butt-plate, guard, side-sT.rew

washers, band-springs, or rear-sight. The breech-screw will

never be taken out in ordinary cleaning, and when removed,

only by the armorer. The lock will not be taken apart, nor the

bayonet-clasp off except when, in the opinion of an officer, it is

deemed absolutely necessary, and this will rarely be found to he

the case if proper care be taken of the arm.

TO TAKE THE LOCK APART.

79. Bring the hammer to the full-cock; place the notch of the

screw-driver over both bratiches of t.he main-spring; let down

the hammer and remove the main-spring, retaining it in the

notch.

Partly unscrew the sear-spring screw, insert the screw-driver

between the lock-plate and sear-spring so as to disengage it from

its mortise; remove the screw and spring; unscrew and remove

The sear-screw and sear;

The bridle-screw and bridle;

The tumbldr-screw.

Remove the tumbler, driving it out with the tumbler-punch

in th/e screw-hole, observing the precaution mentioned in para-

graph 67 of Laidley’s Rifle Firing.

Drive out the main-spring swivel from the.tumbler with a

swivel-punch.

--

TO ASSEMBLE THE RIFLE.*

80. The rifle

dismounted.

is assembled in the inverse order in which it is

43

THE PARTS OF THE LOCK.

i31.ssemble the parts in the following order

The main-spring swivel.

The tumbler aud hamlqer.

The tumbler-screw.

The bridle and screw.

The sear and screw.

Th,e sear-spring and screw.

The main-spring.

82. Before inserting the screws, dip the points into a shallowbasin of good sperm oil, and also put a drop on the arbor and

pivot of the tumbler ; do not turn the screws in so hard as to

bind the parts. Test this by moving the hammer, and see that

it mores without undue friction..

THE BREECH-CLOSIRG PARTS.

83. Insert the firing-pin in its hole, and screw home the firing-

pin screw.

Put the cam-latch spring in place.

Insert the cam-latch and breech-block cap, and turn in the.

cap-screw.

Put the ejector-spring in place.

Place the extractor in position, the ejector-spring spindle

entering the cavity in +he back, an,d hold it with the left thumb.

Take the breech-block in t.he right hand, insert the hinge

between the ears as far as it will go; hold it with the left thumb

over the block; press it forward with the ball of the righ! thumb.

against the thumb-piece, and at the same time downwards with

the left thumb until it falls into place.

Insert the hinge-pin in the left ear, and cause it to enter the

hinge by striking it a gentle blow with a wooden instrument;

turn it until the st,hd on the arm enters the recess on the side of

the receiver.

THE. BARREL, LOCK, ETC.

84. Lay the barrel in its bed in the stock, press it down mith

the hand, strike the butt gently against the floor to settle the

breech end of the ba.rrel against the head of the stock. *Put on first the middle, then the upper band, with the letter

U upwards; avoid marring the stock or barrel in sliding them to.



44

*heir places; press the band-springs with the thumb to see that

&hey play freely.

To put the lock in place, bring the hammer to the half-cock;

hold the stock with the left hand at the swell , the butt between

the knees; push the trigger forward; take the lock b the right

hand, the outside towards the palm, and lay it in its bed ; press

it well down, turn the stock over, holding the lock in place with

-the left hand. *Oil the threads of the side-screws and screw them home.

Do the same with the tang-screw. Work the lock to see that

-the parts play freely and are not bound by the wood,.

Return the ramrod.

Oil the bayonet-clasp and socket, and fix the bayonet.

Oil the stock with linseed oil, and after standing a few hour&

lrub it with a woolen rag until dry.

CLEANING AND HANDLING THE RIBLE.

85. The attention of the men is called to the fact that the rifle

is a delicate instrument ; that its efficiency will depend greatly

upon the care bestowed upon both its cleining and handling,

and that neglect or a failure from any cause to clean it properly

at a given time, or a single act of carelessness by which the

barrel shall become bent or indented or the bore injured, will

prove fatal to all hopes of future. accurate shooting. In order

that the ritie may give the best results, representing its highest

state of efficiency, the barrel must be preserved perfectly straight,

and to insure this the soldier must see that it does not receive

4Jows or falls by which it may become indented or bent; that

the bore is free from dirt, lead, or rust, which would derange the

flight, of the bullet; that no gritty substance finds its way into

the chamber, on the cartridge, or otherwise, as this would mar

-the surface and cause the cartridge-case to stick by being forced

by the explosion into the small cavities formed; that the lock

and breech-closing parts are kept clean, free from rusf, and well

oiled ; that the action of the former may not be imqeded, and

the tendency of the latter to stick and open hard may be

obviated. .

’O CLEAN THE LOCK.

86. MATERIALS.-clean d?y rags, sperm oil; winter strained

is best ; if not to be had, lard oil, free from salt, or neat’s_foot oil

P5are the next best. Linseed, rape, and sweet oil leave a gummy

residuum, and their use should be avoided.

TO CLEAN THE BARREL.

89. MATERIALS.-clean cotton rags, tow, clean water, warm,.

if it can be had.

IMPLEMENTS.-Th ri$e appendages. ’ *

95. As the barrels of all arms now issued are first browned,

the use of sand-paper, emery, tripoli, Ax., for cleauing them is-strictly prohibited.

99. It must be remembered that the presence of sand, dirt, or

other such foreign substances in the bore near the muzzle

renders the barrel liable to burst if fired in this condition ; the

soldier will t,herefore be careful to preclude the possibility OF

such substances finding their way there by keeping the muzzl<

closed with a tompion, cork, or rag, being specially mindful to 3

remove them befor: firing the rifle; he will make it a point first

to wipe out the bore before firing, and the danger ,just referred

to need not be apprehended, and better shooting will be sure to- /follow I /

IhNDLII% THE RIFLE. I

100. The men will be instructed to handle their rifles at all*

times gently, and under no circumstances to use them for any

other purpose than that for which they were constructed. It

will be borne in mind that the Afle barrel near the muzzle is

thin and may be easily indented or bent ; the men will therefore

be careful, in stacking arms and in placing them in the gun-rack,

that no undue st.rain is brought upon the barrel. Adopt the

rule of laying the rifle down rather than standing it on the butt,

a position in which it is liable to fall and thereby receive iqjury.

In coming to order arms, the butt will not be brought to the-

ground, roughly ; all violent shocks, which are injurious to the-

parts, loosening the screws, &c., will be carefully avoided. The

hammer, as a rule, will rest on the firing-pin, and should never

be left at full-cock. If, after cocking, the intention of firing

shall be deferred, bring the hammer to the half-cock notch.

Care will be taken that the front sight is not bruised, marred,

or in any way injured, aud that the sight-leaf is close down 0%

the base.



SIGNALS-GENE RAL ERVICECODE,

ARMY AND NAVY.

Letters.

A_ _ ____22 H______122 0_____21 v ______1222

B______2112 I ______l P_____1212 w______1121.

c______121 J ____.__1122 Q__--_1211 X ___ ___2122

D _____222 K______2121 R-_-_-211 Y ______lllE______12 L______221 s _____212 z __.____2222

F ______2221 M ___.__1221 T-_-_-2 &__ ____llll

G_ _____2211 N______ll u_____112 ing_ ____2212tion_______lll2

iknerals.

1___________________21112 6____.______________12222

2___________________12221 7______ ___ .________11222

3____________._______22122 8___________________11112

4____________:___.___22212 9_._____. _,__________11211

5___________________22221 O__-._________,______ 22222

DIRECTIONS FOR SIGNALING.

DAY SIGNALS.-signalman faces exactly communicating sta-

tion-Flag is held directly above the head-butt of staff at the

waist.IKTThe flag is always above the head at the end of each letter.

Letters are signaled by making one after the other, the fol-

lowing motions for the figures standing for each later. When

two or more figures follow each other, there is no pause between

the motions of the figures :To make “one” [l], the fiag is waved ‘to ground on right

side, and brought back above the head.

To make “two” [S], the flag is waved to the ground on left

aids, and brought back above the head.

To make “three” [S] or FRONT, the flag is +aved to ground

in front, and brought back above the head.

To make “A” or “twenty-twoU [%!I, the flag is waved twice

to the ground on the left without any stop between the motions-

80 for a number of “twos” following each other.

To make “N” [ll], “one” “one” (as above).

(47)

.-



48 rl)

To make “B,” or “twenty-one twelve” [2112], the’ f-lag s

waved to the ground, “leftright-right-left.”

To make “K,,, or “twenty-one twenty-one” [2l21], the flag

is waved to the ground, “left-right-left-right.”

To make “three” 133, the flag waved FRONT, to make “ thirty-

thEe ” [ 33]-FRONT-FRONT.

NIGHT SIGNALS.-A lighted torch, lantern, or any light is

placed in front and at feet of signalmau. Another light fastened

at the end of staff is waved with precisely the same motions, as

those for the flag in the day.

CONVENTIONAL SIGNALS .-Error - 212121. &peat-121.

121.121.3. Assent-22.22.28.3. End of word, 3. End of.sen-

tence, 33. End of message, 333. Cease signaling, 22.22.22.333.

“Address complete,” from first position, drop the flag to the front,

then move it horizontally to right, then vertically overhead to

the left, then horizoutally by the front to the right-overhead to

the left again, the&o front-then to first position. “Signature

follows,” from first posit ion, the reverse of (‘ address complete.”

“Numerals follow,” in full circle once as in “ address complete.”

“Numerals ended,” reverse of “numerals follow.”

ROUTINE FOR SENDING A MESSAGE.

Call by waving from side to side until answered by ‘22.22.22.3.

Sender will then make 22.22.22.3 and proceed to send the mea-

sage in the following order: (Place of origin), signal for “nu-merals follow;” (date), signal for “ numerals ended;” “ To”

(followed by address) signal for “ address complete,” (body of

message), signal for “signature follows,” (signature) followed

by 333.

If a mistake is made, make “21.21.21.3” and begin again at

the heginning of the word in which the mistake was made.

The receiver will signify that the message is received and

understood by making “22.22.22.3” in acknowledgment of the

333 of the sending station.

The receiver can call for a repetition at any time:by making’

121.121.121.3, followed by the last word correctly received.

The sender must then make 22.22.22.3 and begin again with

that word.

,6’

DETICHED SERVICE, ETC,

Where, from any circumstance, soldiers find themselves uepa-

rated or det.ached from their commands, without the necessary

meaus or authority for rejoining, in order to prevent their being

reported as deserters, they should at once report in person to

the nearest post or command, and state their case to the com-

manding officer, whose duty it is to provide for them and have

them forwarded to their proper commands at the earliest oppor-

tunity. Should this course be impossible, theu, the soldier

should report by letter to the commanding ofiicer of the nearest

post, or to the Adjutant General of the Army.

The soldier should bear in mind that any failu?e to take

proper steps to join his command, when separated from it, no

matter what the cause, involves inconveniences and troubles

that are not overcome without much difficulty. Sickness, insur-

mountable accidents, &c., all require to be established by con-

clusive testimony, to free him from the suspicions that always

attend an unusual absence from his proper post.

Every soldier should make the art of cooking his study, at

least to such an extent that he may know how to prepare his

rations in a proper and palatable form when he is absent on de-

tached service from his company and’ from messing facilities.Disease, and often death, is the result of bad and illy-prepared

food ; t.herefore it is of vital importance to every soldier to know

this useful art.

(4%

4

.- .



TAKE ARE F OUR EALTH,

The following extracts of advice to soldiers are from Dr. H all

and others :

1. 1~ an y ordina ry catipa&u , sickness =disables or destr oys

three times as many aa the sword.

2. Sun stroke m ay be prevented by wearing a silk h andk er-

chief in the crown of the hat, by a wet cloth, or by m oistened

green leaves or grass.

3. Never lie or sit down o? the grass or bare earth for a

moment; ra ther use your hat : a h andk erchief, even, is a pro-

tection. The warmer you ap e, the greater need of precaution, as

aIdam p vapor is imm ediately generated, t o be absorbed by the

cloth ing, an d to cool you off too rapidly.

4. While ma rching, or ofi active du ty, the more t hirst .y you

are, the more essential is it to eafety of life itself to rinse out the

mouth two or th ree times, and then ake a swallow of wat er at a

time, with short intervals. A brave F rench general, on a forced

march, fell dead on the instant by drinking largely of cold

water, when snow was on the ground .

5. Abundant sleep is essential to bodily etEciency, and t o that

alertness of mind which is all-important in an engagement.

Few things more certainly and more effectually prevent souud

sleep than eating heart ily after suud own, especially a fter a heavymarch or desperate battle.

6. Nothing is more certain to secure endur ance and capa-

bility of long-continu ed effort than the avoidan ce of everyth ing

as a drin k exoept cold water (and coffee at br eakfast). I Drink

as little a8 possible of even cold water. Exper ience teaches old

soldiers tha t the less they drink on a march the better, an d that

they suffer less in th e end by contr olling the desire to drink,

however urgent.

7. Biter auy sort of exhau sting effort, a cup of coffee or tea,

hot or cold, is an adm irable sustainer of the strength unt il natu re

begins to recover herself.

8. N ever eat heartily just before a great un dertak ing, because

the nervous power is irresistibly drawn to the stomach to man -

age the food eat ep, thu s dra ining off that supply wh ich the bra in

and mus+s so much need.(51)



I

.

52 \.

9. “Bread arid soup are the great items of a soldier’s diet in

every situation : to make'hem well is an essential part of his

instruction. Those great scourges of camp, scurvy and diarrhea,

more ,frequently result from want of skill in cooking than from

any other cause whatever. Officers in command, and, more im-

mediately, regimental of&era, will, therefore, give strict atten-

.tion to this vital branch of interior eCOnOmy,"--WINFIELD

SCOTT.

10. If you will drink spirits, it is incomparably safer to do so

after an effort than- before, for it gives only transient strength,lasting but a few minutes. As it can never be known how long

any given effort is to last-and, if longer than a feti minutes, the

body becomes more feeble than it would have been without the

stimulus-it is clear that the use before an effort is hazardous,

and is unwise.

11. Always eat at regul&r hours. Neglect in this tends to

indigestion, diarrhoea, &CC.

12. Stew or boil your meat, always, Roasting and frying

are wasteful and unhealthy modes for camp cooking (particu-

larly frying).

13. An old soldier drinks and eats as little as possible whilst

marching. The recruit, on the contrary, is continually munch-

ing the‘contents of his haversack, and using gis canteen; it is a

- bad habit, and causes more suffering in the end.

14. Never go to sleep, &pecially after a great effort, even inhot-weather, without some covering over you.

45. Rather than lie down on the bare ground, lie in the hollow

of two logs placed together, or across several smaller pieces of

wood laid side by side ; or sit on your hat, leaning again&e

tree. A nap of ten or fifteen minutes in that position will refresh

you more than an hour on the bare earth, with the additional -advantage of perfect safety.

16. A cut is less dangerous than a bullet-wound, and heals

more rapidly.

17. If from any wound the blood spurts otit in jets, Yistead of

a steady stream, you will die in a few minutes, unless it be rem-

edied; because an artery has been divided, and that takes the

blood direct from the fountain of life. To stop this instantly,

tie a handkerchief or other cloth very loosely BETWEEN the

wound and the heart, put a stick, bayonet, or ramrod between

.a

.



54

thing else can do, to equalize and restore the proper circulation

of the blood.

26. The more weary you are after a march or other work, the

more easily will you take cold, if you remain still, after it is

over, unless the-moment you, cease motion you throw a coat or

blanket over ybur shoulders: This precaution should be taken

in the warmest weather, especially if there is eveu a slight air

stirring.

27. The greatest physical kindness you can show a severely

wounded comrade is, first to place him on hia back, and then

give him eome water to drink from a canteen or, ambulance-

bucket. I hrve seen a dying man clutch at a single drop of

water from the finger’s end with the voraoiousnesa of a fam-

ished tiger.

28. If wet to the skin by rain or swimming rivers, keep in

motion until the olothes are dried; and no harm will result.

29. Whenever it is possible, do, by all means, when you have

to use water for cooking or drinking from ponds or sluggish

streams, boil it well, and, when eool, ehake it, or etir it, eo that

the oxygen of the air shall g&t to it, which greatly improves it

for drinking. This bailing arresta the process of fermentation,

which arises tirn the presence of organic and inorganic impu-

rities, thus tending to prevent cholera and sll bowel-diseases.

If there is no time for boiling, at lea& strain it through a 010th;

even if you have td use a ehirt or trousers-leg.30. Water can be made almost ice-0001 in the hottest weather,

by closely enveloping a filled cant&n, or other vessel, with

woolen cloth kept plentifully wetted and exposed.

31. While on a march, lie down the momeut you halt for a

rest. Every miuute spent in that position refreshes more than

five minks standing or loitering about.

32. A daily evacuation of the bowels irl indispensable to bodily

health, vigor, and endurance : this is promoted, in many cases,

by stirring a table-spoonful of corn (Indian) meal in a glass of

water, aud drinkiug it on rising in the morning.

33. Inattention’ to nature’s calls is a frequent souroe of disease,

, The s&test discipline in ta’e l$rf&mU~ci of these duties is

absolutely sseential to health, as well as to decency. Men should

never be allowed to void their excrement elsewhere than iu the

.-55

!!I!.regular-established sinks. In welL1*egulated camps the sinks

.C are visited daily by a police party, a layer of earth thrown in,

and iime and ot,her disinfecting agents employed to prevent them

from becoming offensive and unhealthy. It is the duty of the

surgeon to call the attention of the commanding officer to any

neglect of this important item of camp police, to see that the

J&shambles, where the cattle are slaughtered, are not aliowed to

become offensive, and that all offal is promptly buried at a suf!i-

cient dietance from camp, and covered by at least four feet of

earth.

34. The site of a camp should be selected for the dryness of its

soil, its proximity to fresh water* of good quality, and shelter from

high win&. It should be on a slight declivity, in order to facili-

tate drainage, and not in the vicinity of swamps or stagnant

water. A trench at least eight inches deep should be dug around

each tent, to secure dryness, and these should lead into other

and deeper main drains or gutters, by which the water will be

conducted away from the tents.

35. The tents for the men should be placed as far from each_

*

other as the “Regulations” and the dimensions of the camp

permit (never less than two paces). Crowding is always inju-

rious to health. No refuse, slops, or excrement should b3

allowed to be deposited in the trenches for drairiage around the

tents. Each tent should be thoroughly swept out daily, and the

materials used for bedding aired and sunned, if possible. Thecanvas should be r’sised freely at, its bade, and it should be kept

open as much as possible during the day-time, in dry weather,

in order to secure ventilation ; for tents are liable v become very

unhealthy if not c,onstantlS; and thoroughly aired. Free venti-

lati& of teuts should be secured at night, by opening and raising

the base of the tent to as great an extent as the weather will

&permii.

36. The orowding of men iu tents for sleeping is highly

injurious to health, and will always be prevented by a_ com-

mandiug officer who is anxious for the welfare of his men.

Experience has proved that sleeping beneath simple sheds of

canvas, or even in the open air, is less dangerous t;o health than

overcrowding in tents .1 37. The me& should sleep in their shirts and’ drawers,

y! removing the shoes, stobkings, and outer clothing, except when_



56 .

absolutely impracticable. Sleeping in the clothes is never so

refreshing, asd is absolutely unhealthy.

38. Loose bowels, namely, acting more than once a day, with a

feeling of debility afterwards, is the first step towards cholera.’

The best remedy is instant and perfect quietude of body, eating

nothing but boiled rice, with or without boiled milk. In more

decided cases, a woolen flannel, with two thicknesses in front,

should be bound tightly around the abdomen, especially if

marching is a necessity.

.

CZothing account oj .

co. , Regiment

MONEY ALLOWANCE FOR CLOTHING.

(N--First sergeants will enter the amount allowed opposite each ~-earafter the annual price list is received.)

For the 1st year...___. .___-. $

‘1 2d year...___. .___-.

I‘ 3d year. __ _. _ _ _ _ -__ -

“ 4thyear....__...._..

61 5th year _____ ___. .___--

Total for 5 years. _____._ $_---_

Clothing received.

When received.

Price.

Dolls.

Due sol-dier at eet-tlement.

Due U. S.at settle-

ment.

Dolls

-2s.-



*

68

I’ror%hqy eceived--Continued.

59

Cl&l&g received-Continued.1

I

.

When received

-

-_

,

-_a. :--

--

Price.Due U. S.at settle-

ment.

Due sol-dier at se1tlemeut.

Due U. S.at settle-

ment.

Due eol-lier at set.tlement.

PrkX.Artiolee. When received. Articles.-

Do111 Doll-

cts.-

Dolla

--

-x3-

.

=

-Do111o111

-

-B. f

--

-3-

3011f-

l

=t,-

-x3.-

.

.

.

.



----___

. . ..

1

_--.-+

-~~--- -+

_l____.. : ..__.__ ___~~___ ~_ -...-1

Annual cZaeu$catioa in marksmanship of ____________________-________-__, CO. __-_, ______Regt . __------

(1st year, 18 .)

(2d yesr, 18 .)

(3d year, 18 .)

(4th year, 18 .)

(6th year, 18 .)



62

J

co. , - Reg”iment

(On hie ehould be noted the date and place of the aoldier’a present enliet-ment, and also all previous service in the Army, NapJ’, or Marine Corps.)

0-\

Y I

.

c

k

/\

,

Soldier Handbook 1884r

Documents

Transcript of Soldier Handbook 1884r