Solar Tracking System managment

7/29/2019 Solar Tracking System managment

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Indian Institute of Technology

Hyderabad

SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEMA Project Report submitted

In ID1035 INDEPENDENT PROJECT

PROJECT CO-ORDINATER

Dr. Kiran K Khuchi


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Solar energy has two other factors in the favor.

1. THE SOLAR OPTIONSolar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The powerfrom the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8*1011MW,which is many thousands of times larger than the present consumptionrate on the earth of all commercial energy sources.

Solar energy could supply all the present and future energy needs of theworld on a continuing basis. This makes it one of the most promising of

the unconventional energy sources.

Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is environmentallyclean source of energy.Secondly, it is free and available in adequate quantities in almost

all parts of the world where people live. Also it has no heavy

mechanical section and is free from noise.


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Problem with Solar

However, there are many problems

associated with its use, the mainproblem is that it is dilute source of

energy. Even in the hottest regions

on the earth, the solar radiations flux

available rarely exceeds 1 KW/m,

which is a low value for technological

utilization.

Problem associated with theuse of solar energy is that its

availability varies widely with

time. The variation in

availability occurs daily

because of the day nightcycle and also seasonally

because of the earths orbit

around the sun.

To rectify these above problems the solar panel should be such that italways receives maximum intensity of light. For existing solar

panels, which are without any control systems typical level of efficiency

varies from 10% to 4% - a level that should improve measurably if the

present interest continues.


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2. OBJECTIVE :

The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through

solar panel . For this a Digital based automatic sun tracking system is

proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to

get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the

efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to

west automatically for maximum intensity of light.

To fabricate a DC motor control interfaced with

driver circuit

The aim of our projects is to utilize the maximum solar energy

through solar panel. For this a digital based automatic sun trackingsystem is proposed. This project helps the solar power generatingequipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically therebyincreasing the efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks thesun from east to west automatically for maximum intensity of light.

To fabricate a DC motor control interfaced with driver circuit.

To construct a model prototype solar cell movement system with amechanical assemble to move the panel from 180 E to W.

To design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and to control

DC motor driver for the panel movement.

To construct an emergency light inverter circuit i.e. to operate tube lightwith the help of charged battery from the solar panel


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4.How the Track Rack follow the sun1.Sunrise "Wake- Up

The Track Rack begins theday facing west. As the

morning sun rises in the

east, it heats the unshaded

west-side canister with both.

2. Mid-Morning

The Track Rack moved by the shiftingweight of liquid flowing from one side

of the tracker to the other through a

copper tube that connects the east and

3. Mid-Afternoon

As the sun moves, the Track

Rack follows (at approximately

15o per hour, continually

seeking equilibrium as liquid

moves from one side of the

.

4. Sunset

The Track Rack completes its daily

cycle facing west. It remains in this

position overnight until it is

"awakened" by the rising sun the

following morning.

direct and reflected rays (from the inter surface

of the "shadow plate") forcing liquid into the

shaded east-side cannister.

tracker to the other.

west canisters .When one canister is exposed to the sun

more than the other, its vapor pressure increases, forcing

liquid to the cooler, shaded side.
http://www.e-marine-inc.com/products/mounts/mount_images/track4.jpghttp://www.e-marine-inc.com/products/mounts/mount_images/track3.jpghttp://www.e-marine-inc.com/products/mounts/mount_images/track2.jpghttp://www.e-marine-inc.com/products/mounts/mount_images/track1.jpg


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AT89C4051Microcontroller

LM324

Op-Amp

IC

ULN2003

LDR

SENSOR

STEPPERMOTOR


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LM

324

AT89C

2051 1

2

3

4

1F

+5V

+5V

+5V

1K

1K

10

K

10K

10K

10K

+5V

56K33P

33P

12MHz

22K

2

2K

6. Circuit


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+12V

ULN

20037805Voltage

Regulator

12V

Battery

-

1

2

3


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8.Working with KEIL software


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7.CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCOMPONENT LIST

1. IC1 LM324

2. IC2 Microcontroller AT89C2051

3. Voltage Regulator 7805

4. IC3 ULN 2003

5. LDR1 & LDR2 Light Dependent Resistor

6. Oscillator Crystal Oscillator 12MHz

7. Resistors 1K(2);10K(4);56K(1);

8. Capacitors 1F(1);33P(2)


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COMPONENT LIST

9. Variable Resistor 250K(2)

10. Battery 12V

11. Stepper Motor 1

12. LED 2 Red


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Submitted by

Piyush Sharma[EE12B1024]Ajay Dhakar[CE12B1001]

Mohit Chaudhary[CE12B1014]

Vikas Kumar Yadav[CH12B1027]

Rajkumar Meena[ME12B1029]

Thank You...

Solar Tracking System managment

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