Compact Linear Fresnel ReflectorPower Plant 1 MW

OnPure Solar Mode 12 hours

Operationfor

Soft Land, Medium Insolation and Humid Country By

Solar Space Frame Industrial Co., Ltd.

Bangkok, Thailand

March 12, 2555

In CSP technology such as Trough, Compact Linear Fresnel Receiver,Solar Tower, Solar Dish Stirling, etc required large area as shading effect. Itneeds high insolation such as 1,000 W/m2 min. It is not suitable to operatein humid and medium insolation such as 500 W/m2. As the structure so longit needs good foundation in Soft-land area. It uses high power for trackingas the system has no sound weight balanced. CSP had high thermal lossesdue to long receiver tubes, long deliver fluid tubes, high temperaturethermal storage, and high working temperature. It required very goodthermal insulation. Once the structure to long it cannot prevented fromtwisting so the structure will be large and heavy.

The turbine required high pressure, temperature, and dry steam quality.Also generator required synchronous system when connected to grid. It isnot Easy to transport and assembly. As high technology the operation andmaintenance costs will be high. The material is not easy to find as thesystem use high temperature. We expect the cost of CSP should below 90THB/W, 3.0 US$/W, or 2.1 EURO/W when compare to solar cell. The SolarThermal Dish Steam Turbine with Induction Motor Farm may solve theseproblems and make it possible for commercial.

Intro

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

SOLAR THERMAL 30%700 0C 70 BAR

LIGNITE POWER PLANT 70%

SOLAR THERMAL 75%180 0C 15 BAR

BIOMASS 25%

THAILANDExpected Solar ThermalPower Generation Capacity in 20203,500 MW35,000 MTHB/Yr Savings

Future Solar ThermalPower Generation CapacityUSA 20,000 MWCHINA 20,000 MWINDIA 20,000 MW

WORLD

World Sustainable Energy Solution

Develop and deploy solar energy technology to serveour customers’ who need special design for mediuminsolation, soft-land, and humid countries. For globalelectricity and thermal energy needs in a dependable,market-competitive and environmentally responsiblemanner.

Our Mission

Comparison CLFR with Trough

CLFR Chonburi, Thailand

Karnchanaburi, Thailand

CLFR TroughArea 1 1.5

Solar Receiver Linear Multi Tube

Method HTF Direct Steam

Tracking Power Lowest Medium

Structure Lightest Medium

Pipe Length Shortest Long

Insulator Min Moderate

Heat Losses Lowest Medium

Universal Joint Leakage None Yes

Receiver Glass Break None Yes

Reflector Twisting None Yes

Operation Time hrs 12 6

Minimum Working Insolation 500 650

Price Lowest Medium

Analysis of Solar Thermal Technology in Thailand, CLFR, Trough

Medium Insolation, Hot and Humid Country, Soft-Land DNI 550 w/m2

Manufactures TechnologiesDNI

MWMirror Area Operate

hrs.Absorber Start End

effW/m2 m2 Rais Temp C Time Time

SSFCLFR

Theory Thai Local

Design Local Fabrication

550 1.2 25,920.00 16.20 6 370 9:00 15:00550 1.2 51,840.00 32.40 12 9:00 21:00550 1.0 25,920.00 16.20 6

350

9:30 16:30 0.83

Real 550 2.0 51,840.00 32.40 6 9:30 16:30 0.83 550 1.0 51,840.00 32.40 12 9:30 22:00 0.83 550 2.0 103,680.00 64.80 12 9:30 22:30 0.83

SolLightTrough

Theory Germany Local

Fabrication

1,000 1.0 9,000.00 5.63 5 400 9:00 15:001,000 5.0 45,000.00 28.13 5 9:00 15:00

Real 550 0.5 9,000.00 5.63 5 370 10:00 15:00 0.50 550 2.5 45,000.00 28.13 5 10:00 15:00 0.50

Engine Generator Controller Absorber Storage Mode Solar Tracker XFUR

SSF CLFR

SSF Engine

ABB Induction

Motor

SSF Software

SSF Linear

Absorber

Dual Phase Molten Salt

HTF with

Steam Boiler Loop

Sensor TASCO

SolLightTrough

Mann Turbine

Mann Generator

Siemens Software Schott Steam

Pressure Direct Steam Time TASCO

Suppliers

Note 1 USD = 30 THB February 20, 2012Data from PEA February, 2012 report

Manufacture MWOperate hrs

Cost  Elect Sale  Overhead  Net Income  Operation Time PayBackInMTHB THB/Day  THB/Day  THB/Day  300 D/Yr Yr

SSF CLFR

1 6 80.00  63,000.00  9,450.00  53,550.00  16,065,000.00  4.98 

2 6 160.00  126,000.00  12,600.00  113,400.00  34,020,000.00  4.70 

1 12 140.00  126,000.00  18,900.00  107,100.00  32,130,000.00  4.36 

2 12 280.00  252,000.00  25,200.00  226,800.00  68,040,000.00  4.12 

SolLightTrough

0.5 5 200.00  26,250.00  7,875.00  18,375.00  5,512,500.00  36.28 2.5 5 1,000.00  131,250.00  13,125.00  118,125.00  35,437,500.00  28.22 

Analysis

Offer comprehensive and fully integrated CSP solutions Lowest cost and most land-efficient CSP technology Solar steam generators offer turnkey solar solutions, including

power block and balance of plant High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and

modular Support services in project development and EPC Life-cycle services for long-term operations and maintenance Easy to operate and maintenance Low operation and maintenance cost Operate from medium to high insolation Molten salt storage Steam at saturation or superheat temperature Low tracking power Light weight structure but heavy duty Structure prepare for earthquake, and high wind High efficiency receiver Back up by biomass, biogas, LPG, CNG, Hydrogen (Water) Could operate 24/7 min 300 days/year

Provide breakthrough innovation to lower our customers’ cost of energy

Design for monsoon climate insolation 500 – 1,000 w/m2 and soft-land country

Comprehensive Solar Solutions

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) Arrays of optically-shaped reflector mirrors Concentrate over 50 “suns” of energy Boiler tubes generate high pressure

saturated and/or superheated steam

CLFR Technology

Steam (Saturated or Superheated)

• Enhanced oil recovery & refining • Mining • Chemical processing & refining • Food processing • Desalination, Absorption Chiller

• Utilities • IPPs

• Utilities • IPPs

Customers

Standalone Solar & SolarHybrid Power Plants

Solar Steam Augmentation Industrial Processing

Applications and Markets

Solar Steam Generators (SSGs) use Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) to drive screw steam turbines or provide process steam

SSG could have dimension upto 365 m (1200’) long, 18 m(60’) high, 36 m (120’) wide depend on power produced

SSG can produce up to 10,000 kg/hr (22,000 lbs/hr) ofsaturated or superheated steam

Solar boiler, ASME S-Stamp qualify. SSG will not overheat, even with coincident failure of offsite

power (feed water and reflector drive) and backup power(reflector drive) at solar noon on the summer solstice

Durable designs of standard materials can be erected rapidlyand deployed at scale

IBC/UBC structural design for Seismic Zone 4 and 145 km/hr(90 mph) wind speed

Key Product Attributes

Standard Code and Design

ASME “S” Stamp Solar boiler standard ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

Section I, 2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code

2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda Structural Codes

Uniform building code International building code

Authorized Inspector

CLFR Advantages

Most land-efficient solar technology,lowest cost CSP technology

Lower land and grading costs andongoing O&M costs, less time-intensivepermitting

Easier access to contiguous, flat land, canbe built on sloping sites (<3% grade)

Reduced environmental impact (no oilcontainments), lower view shed impact

Easy to erection, operation andmaintenance, less time-intensivepermitting

Scalable by adding solar steamgenerators, greater ability to site atexisting power plants and industrial sites

CSP Reference Plant @ 12 hrsPure Solar Mode @ 550 w/m2

1 MW = 33,600 Sqm = 21 Rai= 3.36 Hectares

Crystalline 42 RaisThin Film 63 RaisSolar Trough 31.5 RaisCLFR 21 RaisSolar Tower 42 Rais

Modular, Scalable and Deployment

SSG is the building block Each SSG contains one receiver with boiler tubes Receiver heated by reflector rows in segments Segments comprised of factory assembled reflectors and drives Modular System 250 kW, 1MW, 5MW, 10 MW Scalable 1MW, 5MW, 25 MW, 50 MW

Field Assembly

Fast Erection

Rapid field erection Minimal grading required (3% grade acceptable) Simple foundations Steel Truss Structural Receiver (boiler tube and housing) assembled on ground, hoisted,

hydrostatically tested and stamped Assemble reflectors on beams and connect drive

Steam Test

Out of Focus

Aug 25/2011 Cloudy

Row No. 11.30

1 95 109 104

2 130 131 130

3 160 160 160

4 190 191 190

Row No. 13.30

1 135 135 140

2 151 150 155

3 165 165 163

4 173 175 172

Infocus

Oct 4, 2011 11:45-12:00 Cloudy

Row No. Zone1 Zone2 Zone3

1 150 180 190

2 170 210 210

3 210 270 300

4 290 350 380

Boiler Trips rotate reflected light away from receiver High exit pressure High exit temperature

UPS back-up for reflector drive power Passive thermal protection protects against

concurrent loss of Feed water AC mains UPS backup

Worst Case Summer Solstice Solar Noon Boiler is completely hot and dry

Safety

Simple, reliable, robust Design for medium

insolation, soft-land, and humid countries

Saturated or Superheated steam at pressure and temperatures that customers want

High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and modular

ASME Section I design Commitment to customers

world-wide Lowest cost, most land-

efficient CSP technology

Summary

Efficiency %Reflector 93Receiver 80Thermal Storage 85Steam Engine 30Condenser 85Generator 85Thermal to Electrical 15

Efficiency

Structure Design

• Delta Truss• Software Analysis

- Linear First Order- Linear Second Order- Non-linear First Order- Non-linear Second Order- Dynamic Harmonic- Dynamic Seismic - Dynamic Modal - Bucking - Stiffness - Own weight - Shell Stress- Torsion- Thermal expansion- Moment

• Antirust treatment• Easy to transport and

erection

Linear Receiver

Solar Space FrameLinear Receiver

CSP Type Low Thermal Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist HTF as Working Fluid Triple Layer Insulator

Solar Linear Receiver SpecificationSurface Emittance ε 0.03

Surface Absorption αr0.87

Specular Reflectance ρ 0.95

Transmittance of Glass Cover τg0.90

Max. Temperature C 600

Max. Working Pressure PSI 400

Insulation Thermal Conductivity

W/mK 0.05

Min. Direct Insolation 400 W/m2

Max. Direct Insolation 1,100 W/m2

Max. Wind Speed 160 Km/hr

Overall Efficiency 80 %

Descriptions MTHBFoundation 3.00Steel Column 5.00Reflector Support and Mirror 45.00Low Pressure Steam Engine 250 k x 4 15.001 MW XFUR with Controller 2.50Solar Receiver 6.00Solar Tracking 4.50Thermal Storage + Backup Burner 60.00Accessories 5.00Total 146.00

Cost for 1 MW Pure Solar Mode 24 hrs

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

Steam Output 400 PSI 450 C

Solar Steam Performance @ 0.25 MWhr

Temperature Up to 750 F (180 C)Up to 900 F (200 C)

Pressure Up to 150 PSIa (10 BARa)Up to 230 PSIa (16 BARa)

Annual Energy per14 Rais (25.600 Sq.m)

3,600 MWh

Performance Constructability Reliability Scalability Operability

System Efficiency 15 % 3,600 MWhr/300 = 12 MWhr/day = 1 MW for 12 hrs 25,600 m2 @ 0.55 kW/m2 = 14.1 MWhrThermal = 2.1 MWhrelectric Equivalent to 12 MW/day This could produce 1 MWhr for 12 hrs Back Up fuel 5 - 25 % used to maintain the stability of the

power plant

Performance @ 550 W/m2

Pure Solar Mode 12 hrs

Analysis

1 MW 12 hrs 300 days/yr @ 550 W/m2 THB

Electric Sale 10.5 THB/kw-hr 13 hrs 40,950,000

Carbon Credit 4,130 / day 1,239,000

Maintenance 10,000 / day -3,000,000

Operation 20,000 / day -6,000,000

Income per year 33,189,000 42,189,000 -9,000,000

Plant Cost Return with in 4.4 Years 146,000,000

Operation Cost : Salary, Interest, Insurance, Licenses, Other expenses

Prototype Steam Engine Tested

Control Panel

Power Transformer for CSP

TASCO Transformer

CSP Type Low Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist

Dual Phase Thermal Storage

Solar Space FrameDual Phase Thermal Storage

CSP Type Low Thermal Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist HTF as Working Fluid Molten Salt + Graphite for Thermal Storage Integrated Back up Burner Integrated Steam Boiler Triple Layer Insulator

Heat Transfer Fluid

Thermal Salt with Graphite

High Efficiency Steam Engine

Solar Space FrameHigh Efficiency Steam Engine

CSP Type Low Friction Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist Low Maintenance Cost Easy to Maintenance High Efficiency

High Efficiency Steam EngineSpecification

Bore 8 InStroke 8.5 inAction SingleNo of Cylinder 4Working Pressure 150 PSISteam Consumption 3,500 Kg/hrPower 380 HP

280 kWInduction Motor 250 kWRPM 1,000Frequency 50 HzCarnot Efficiency 30 %

Induction Motor with Screw Turbine

ABB Induction Motor

Mitsubishi Air Circuit Breaker

ThaiFires Burner and Boiler