Solar Technology Basics
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Solar Technology Basics
Module 1 : Solar Technology Basics
Module 2: Solar Photo Voltaic Module Technologies
Module 3: Designing Solar PV Systems ( Rooftops)
Module 4: Designing Solar PV Systems (Utility Scale)
Module 5: Financial Analysis
Module 6: DPR (Detailed Project Report) & EPC
Module 7: The present Solar industry scenario and the future
Solar Panels: A eco-friendly electric generator
The Definition: A collection of individual silicon cells that generateelectricity from sunlight.
The physics: The photons (light particles) produce an electrical current as theystrike the surface of the thin silicon wafers.
The bright side: Generating free power from the sun by converting sunlight toelectricity with –
no moving parts zero emissionsno maintenance
Technology Options for Solar power
Parabolic Dish
Solar Power
Thermal
Low Temperature
<100°C.
Solar Water Heating (FP/ET)
Solar Chimney
Solar Pong
Med Temp <400°C. Focusing Parabolic
High Temp. >400°C.
Central Tower.
PV
Technology
Mono Crystalline
Silicon
Polycrystalline Silicon
Amorphous Silicon
Production Process
Wafer
Thin Film
Solar Photo Voltaic
Electricity Generation
Photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight Into electricity.
Current is produced based on types of silicon (n- and p-types) used for the layers.
Since there are no moving parts, there is no wear.
Lifespan is about 20-25 years.
Solar PV technologies are usually classified into three generations, depending on the basis material used and the level of commercial
maturity.
First generation PV System:
Use of wafer based crystalline silicon (c-Si) either single crystalline
or multi-crystalline.
Second Generation PV Systems: Based on the thin-film technology and generally includes: Amorphous silicon admium Telluride (CdTe) and copper Indium – Selenide (CIS) & Copper Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGS)
Third Generation PV Systems:
Concentrating Solar PV (CPV), Desensitize PV, Polymer cells etc. are
still in demonstration or have not yet been
commercialized widely.
Single/mono-crystalline silicon solar cell
• Pure and hence more efficient.
• Most efficient solar cell technology till date, having a module efficiency of 15-19%.
Multi-Crystalline silicon solar cell (poly-Si or mc-Si)
• Multiple layers of silicon and hence the name.
• These cells have module efficiency of around 12-15%.
THIN FILM POLYCRYSTALLINE
SOLAR CELL
These are the new generation solar cells that contain multiple thin film layers of just 1 micron thick of photo voltaic materials.
Thin film cell technology• Multiple thin layers of photovoltaic materials are
imposed on a low cost substrate to form solar thin films. Different types of thin film solar cells available are:
• Amorphous silicon (Efficiency: 5-7%)• Copper indium di-selenide (Efficiency: 9-11%)• Cadmium telluride (Efficiency: 8.5%)• Dye- sensitized (Efficiency: 5-12%)
Solar Thermal
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS Convert solar energy in the form of heat as the main energy source.
Main application:
1. Cooking2. Water heating3. Refrigeration4. Electric power generation
The heart of a solar thermal system is solar collector. It absorbs solar heat, and transfers it to the system.
There are different design concepts for collectors such as flat-plate collectors, evacuated flat-plate collectors, evacuated-tube collectors and concentrating collectors.