Solar System 2008 Ardis Herrold. What’s in the Solar System? The SunThe Sun Eight planets and...
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Transcript of Solar System 2008 Ardis Herrold. What’s in the Solar System? The SunThe Sun Eight planets and...
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Solar System 2008Solar System 2008Ardis HerroldArdis Herrold
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What’s in the Solar What’s in the Solar System?System?
• The SunThe Sun
• Eight planets and Eight planets and their moonstheir moons
• Two asteroid beltsTwo asteroid belts
• Three dwarf Three dwarf planetsplanets
• The Oort CloudThe Oort Cloud
• MeteoroidsMeteoroids
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Solar System Formation- Solar System Formation- Pt. 1Pt. 1
• Material begins Material begins to condense from to condense from a nebulaa nebula
• Condensing Condensing material rotates material rotates and begins to and begins to form a central form a central star and a diskstar and a disk
• Planets begin to Planets begin to form in the disk form in the disk by accretion by accretion
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Solar System Formation- Solar System Formation- Pt. 2Pt. 2
• Unstable planets Unstable planets are hurled from are hurled from the disk or into the disk or into the Sunthe Sun
• The young Sun The young Sun “cleans out” the “cleans out” the solar system solar system with powerful with powerful stellar windsstellar winds
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Our SunOur Sun• An average star An average star
in every wayin every way
• About 4.5 billion About 4.5 billion years oldyears old
• About 6000About 6000o o CC
• 1 000 000 times 1 000 000 times bigger than Earthbigger than Earth
• The 11 year solar The 11 year solar activity cycle activity cycle peaked in 2000peaked in 2000
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Terrestrial PlanetsTerrestrial Planets
• Mercury,Venus, Mercury,Venus, Earth and MarsEarth and Mars
• Small, dense, Small, dense, rockyrocky
• Close to SunClose to Sun
• Few moons, no Few moons, no ringsrings
• Small Small atmospheres, atmospheres, heavier gasesheavier gases
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Asteroid Asteroid BeltBelt
• Rocks from 550 miles across to peanut-Rocks from 550 miles across to peanut-sizesize
• Fragments of a planet that Jupiter Fragments of a planet that Jupiter preventedprevented
• Both stony, metallic and carbon typesBoth stony, metallic and carbon types
• Some orbit as close as Mercury or far as Some orbit as close as Mercury or far as SaturnSaturn
• Asteroids can have moons!Asteroids can have moons!
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Jovian PlanetsJovian Planets
• Jupiter, Saturn, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Uranus and NeptuneNeptune
• Atmospheres Atmospheres with light gaseswith light gases
• Large, far from Large, far from SunSun
• Many moons Many moons and ringsand rings
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What about Pluto?What about Pluto?
• Is now the first Is now the first dwarf planetdwarf planet
• Didn’t fit the Didn’t fit the pattern of pattern of jovian planetsjovian planets
• Is in the Kuiper Is in the Kuiper BeltBelt
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Eris- Dwarf Planet & Eris- Dwarf Planet & MoonMoon
-Bigger than Pluto-Located in the Kuiper Belt (97 AU away)-Has 1 moon
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To the edge of the solar To the edge of the solar systemsystem
• The orbit of Neptune The orbit of Neptune is not at the edge of is not at the edge of the solar systemthe solar system
• Past the planets is the Past the planets is the Kuiper Belt, another Kuiper Belt, another large asteroid beltlarge asteroid belt
• Next is the Oort CloudNext is the Oort Cloud
• The solar system ends The solar system ends at the heliopauseat the heliopause
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TheThe Kuiper BeltKuiper Belt
• Asteroids from Asteroids from Neptune to beyond Neptune to beyond PlutoPluto
• Pluto is a KBO !Pluto is a KBO !
• Tens of thousands Tens of thousands discovereddiscovered
• Home to short-Home to short-period comets period comets
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The Oort CloudThe Oort Cloud
• The home of a The home of a trilliontrillion long-period long-period cometscomets
• From 70 light-days From 70 light-days to 3 light-years to 3 light-years awayaway
• Material in the Material in the Cloud = 40 X the Cloud = 40 X the mass of Earthmass of Earth
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The Heliopause: The Heliopause: Where Sun meets StarsWhere Sun meets Stars
• The solar wind blows The solar wind blows past the Oort Cloud.past the Oort Cloud.
• Other stars exert Other stars exert winds, too.winds, too.
• The The heliopauseheliopause is is where the edge of where the edge of the Sun’s influence the Sun’s influence is felt.is felt.
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CometsComets • Made of rock, ices and Made of rock, ices and tarstars
• Two tails are made of Two tails are made of gases (straight, dim) gases (straight, dim) and rocks (curved, and rocks (curved, bright)bright)
• May evolve into May evolve into asteroids or moonsasteroids or moons
• Some orbit the Sun, Some orbit the Sun, others are one-time others are one-time visitorsvisitors
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Meteors/ -oids/ -itesMeteors/ -oids/ -ites
• Two types: stones Two types: stones and ironsand irons
• Can be from Can be from asteroids, planets, asteroids, planets, comets, the Mooncomets, the Moon
• Are always Are always attracted to a attracted to a magnetmagnet
• Often have fusion Often have fusion crust or a crust or a thumbprint patternthumbprint pattern
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New Solar SystemsNew Solar Systems
• 273 new solar 273 new solar systems (313 total systems (313 total planets) have planets) have been discovered.been discovered.
• Most of these Most of these have 1-3 Jupiter-have 1-3 Jupiter-sized planetssized planets
• Planets are Planets are detected by detected by studying star studying star wobbles or wobbles or eclipses.eclipses.
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Picture of the First Picture of the First ExoplanetExoplanet