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Solar Schoolhouse and San Mateo CollegeDesigning and Installing Solar Electric Systems
Types of Solar Electric SystemsFor Technology Teachers
San Mateo CollegeMay 17, 2008
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Disclaimer
• This workshop does not certify you and
• Solar Schoolhouse and San Mateo College are not responsible for anything you do with this knowledge
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Three Basic Types:
Stand Alone Simple Grid Tied
Grid Tie with Battery
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Grid Tie Solar Electric Systems
Quick View
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Simple Grid-tie system(Utility intertie)
Solar Array
Inverter Distribution Panel
Utility
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Attaching Rack System To The Roof
Mounting bracket bolted into rafter; rack then bolted to mount.
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Series Wiring with MC Connectors
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Conduit From Array to Disconnects
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Simple Grid Tie with Two Inverters: Disconnects, Inverters, and Subpanel
To PGE DisconnectAnd toMeter
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Subpanel
Solar AC in fromInverter
Lightning surge arrestor
AC from inverter to
PG&E disconnect
then back to breakers
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Stand Alone Systems
I.e. No Grid
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SIMPLE: Load directly powered by solar photovoltaic module
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With Storage: Solar ModuleBatteryLoad
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Stand Alone Residential System
Solar Array
Charge Controller
Battery
DC to AC Inverter
Distribution PanelAC
Distribution PanelDC
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Small Stand Alone
System
(to power an office)
Solar Array
Charge Control
Storage: Battery
“Fuel Gauge”
Inverter DC to AC
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Roof mount Solar Array: 4 SM55220 Watts wired in parallel
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Stand Alone System Components
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Disconnect Between Solar Panel and the Battery (via Charge Control)
Breakers and fuses must be DC rated. Can purchase “special for PV application” equipment.
In this system we used Square D QO which is ok for DC up to 24 volts
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Charge Control for Battery:note display and battery type selector
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Storage: Battery:Flooded, Sealed, AGM, or Gel
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Fuse: Circuit ProtectionMust be large enough to allow maximum designed current (+ x%) to flow
through circuit and blow before wire overheats (maximum size determined by ampacity rating of wire).
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Inverter: DC to AC Pure sine wave: Turns DC electricity of PVs and Batteries into AC current.
DC in
AC out
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Wire Strategy
• Select wire sizes that minimize Voltage Drop: based on distance and current
• Select insulation types depending on where wire is located and whether or not it is in conduit. (UV, temperature, moisture)
• Be strategic in which voltage you use for system: depends on wattage and length of wire runs
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Balance of System
Inverter
Charge Control
“Fuel Gauge”
Battery
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Safety at Schools, etc
• Follow good wiring practice: keep unshielded wire out of the reach of people: in conduit, behind transparent barrier such as glass or lexan.
• Fusing, breakers, ground fault protection. DC lines must use DC rated equipment.
• Batteries must be inaccessible to unauthorized people…i.e. locked
• Use Adequate Mounts for Solar Panel
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Larger Stand Alone Systems: 1 kw
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Combiner Box
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MX60 Charge Controller in Action
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Grid Tie with Stand Alone Capability
Solar Array
InverterDistribution
Panel
ChargeControl
Battery
Utility