Correlation between sunspot numbers and EUV irradiance as observed by LYRA on PROBA2
Solar Irradiance Observations with LYRA on PROBA2 (An Introduction)
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Transcript of Solar Irradiance Observations with LYRA on PROBA2 (An Introduction)
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Solar Irradiance ObservationsSolar Irradiance Observationswith LYRA on PROBA2with LYRA on PROBA2
(An Introduction)(An Introduction)
I. E. Dammasch, M. Dominique & the LYRA TeamI. E. Dammasch, M. Dominique & the LYRA Team
Royal Observatory of Belgium
LYRAthe Large-Yield Radiometer onboard PROBA2
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LYRA: the Large-Yield RAdiometer
3 instrument units (redundancy) 4 spectral channels per head 3 types of detectors,
Silicon + 2 types of
diamond detectors (MSM, PIN):
- radiation resistant
- insensitive to visible light
compared to Si detectors High cadence up to 100 Hz
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• Royal Observatory of Belgium (Brussels, B)Principal Investigator, overall design, onboard software specification, science operations
• PMOD/WRC (Davos, CH)Lead Co-Investigator, overall design and manufacturing
• Centre Spatial de Liège (B)Lead institute, project management, filters
• IMOMEC (Hasselt, B)Diamond detectors
• Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (Lindau, D)calibration
• science Co-Is: BISA (Brussels, B), LPC2E (Orléans, F)…
LYRA highlights
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LYRA highlights
4 spectral channels covering a wide emission temperature range
Redundancy (3 units) gathering three types of detectors Rad-hard, solar-blind diamond UV sensors (PIN and MSM) AXUV Si photodiodes
2 calibration LEDs per detector (λ = 465 nm and 390 nm) High cadence (up to 100Hz) Quasi-continuous acquisition during mission lifetime
Ly Hz Al Zr
Unit1 MSM PIN MSM Si
Unit2 MSM PIN MSM MSM
Unit3 Si PIN Si Si
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SWAP and LYRA spectral intervalsfor solar flares, space weather, and aeronomy
LYRA channel 1: the H I 121.6 nm Lyman-alpha line (120-123 nm)LYRA channel 2: the 200-220 nm Herzberg continuum range (now 190-222 nm)LYRA channel 3: the 17-80 nm Aluminium filter range incl the He II 30.4 nm line (+ <5nm X-ray)LYRA channel 4: the 6-20 nm Zirconium filter range with highest solar variablility (+ <2nm X-ray)SWAP: the range around 17.4 nm including coronal lines like Fe IX and Fe X
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LYRA pre-flight spectral responsivity(filter + detector, twelve combinations)
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LYRA data products and manuals…
…available at the PROBA2 Science Center:
http://proba2.sidc.be/
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Summary: FITS File Structure
lyra_20100609_000000_lev1_***.fits where: *** = met, std, cal, rej, (bst, bca, bre) generally: header + binary extension table(s) extension = header + data (variable length) Lev1 met = HK, STATUS, VFC Lev1 std = uncalibr. irradiance (counts/ms) Lev2 std = calibr. irradiance (W/m²) Lev3 std = calibr. aver. irradiance (W/m²) per line: time, ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4, qual.
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Product Definition
(“Level 0”, telemetry from PROBA2, internal) Level 1 = full raw data (LY-EDG output) Level 2 = calibrated physical data (LY-BSDG
output) Caution: preliminary status. Require versioning.
Level 3 = processed products (e.g. averages) Level 4 = plots of products Level 5 = event lists (optionally with plots)
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Further Data Products…
…“Level 4”, “Level 5”
(from preliminary to current status):
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before
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now
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before
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now
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before
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now
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monthly overview
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interval around a flare(-1h,+2h)
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LY-TMR:
State of the data processing pipeline
LY-EDG
LY-BSDG
Telemetry packets
“Lev0”: Raw data (in counts)
Lev1: Engineering data (in counts/ms)
fitsfits
fits
fits
Lev2,Lev3: Calibrated data (in W/m²)
Other tools Higher level data products
Current state In the future
Not distributed Not distributed
After each contact
After each contact
After each contact
After each contact
Plots regular, Flare list irregular systematic
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First results (even before opening covers)
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Aurora Oval
Perturbations appearing around 75° latitude
2-3 days after a CME, flare ...
Associated to geomagnetic perturbations
Spacecraft maneuvers
SAA
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First Light acquisition (06 Jan 2010)
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Aeronomy
Occultations: Study atmospheric absorption; high temporal resolution needed Input for atmospheric models: NRT and calibrated data needed
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Flares
LYRA observes flares down to B1.0
LYRA flare list agrees with GOES14&15
Flares are visible in the two short-wavelength channels
Exceptionally strong and impulsive flares are also visible in the Lyman- alpha channel (precursor)
Example: C4.0 flare, 06 Feb 2010, 07:04 UTC
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M2.0 flare, 08 Feb 2010, 13:47 UTC
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Comparison with GOES flare
Example: M1.8 flare, 20 Jan 2010, 10:59 UTC
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ComparisonwithGOES flare
Example:C5.4 flare,15 Aug 2010,18:30 UTC
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LYRA flare size
LYRA background-subtracted flux in Zr (channel 2-4)LYRA observes all GOES flares in both Al and Zr channelsInitially also Lyman-alpha contribution for strong impulsive flaresSimilar onset, different peak times in different pass bandsGood correlation to GOES, better temporal resolution
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GOES vs. LYRA proxies
(new website under construction)
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Example:M1.1 flare, 28 Feb 2011
• start to rise at same time• parallel in impulsive phase• GOES peaks earlier• LYRA decreases slower• linear factor in pure flare irradiance
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Flare components ch2-3 = SXR+EUV
• “SXR”: emission with log(T)>7• “EUV residual”: emission with 6<log(T)<7• “little bump”: emission with log(T)<6
Compare with SDO/EVE:
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Thermal evolution plot
based on:•solar spectra observed by SDO/EVE•contribution functions from the CHIANTI atomic database
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Sun-Moon eclipse
…demonstrating the inhomogeneous distribution of EUV radiation across the solar surface
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Eclipses as seen with SWAP
swap_eclipse_15Jan2010.mp4
swap_eclipse_11Jul2010.mp4
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And we have a fifth channel at 17.4nm...
... called SWAP
(using “SWAVINT”)
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Jan - Sep 2010
SWAVINT and LYRA
look quite similar
LYRA shows flares
in addition to EUV
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SWAP and LYRA observing together
20100607_proba2_movie.mp4
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July 2010: LYRA vs. ESP (SDO/EVE)
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July 2010: LYRA vs. GOES
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Next steps
Cross-calibration (internal/external) Produce calibrated data automatically (OK,
but regular updates necessary) Publish first results (in process) Advertise data products Get another extension from ESA (2012: OK)
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How to be involved?
Scientists are welcome touse PROBA2 datapropose special observation campaigns
Guest Investigator Program welcomes proposals for dedicated (joint) observations in the frame of a science project:Funds available for a stay at PROBA2 Science CenterScientist can take part in the commanding of the instrumentsWill gain expertise in the instrumental effects
Next announcement (for 2011-12): May 2011Proposal deadline and selection: June 2011First visits: September 2011 onwards
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Calibration
2010 according to
TIMED/SEE
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Calibration – Problem: 2010 according to LYRA
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Solution – Start with “First Light”
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… fit the degradation …
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… and add it
Plausibility:
Artifacts in channels 1 and 2
Non-degeneratedSXR in channels 3 and 4
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To be continued