Coal Gasification Using Integrated Gasification Combined ...
Solar-driven Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstock
Transcript of Solar-driven Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstock
Solar Technology Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar-driven Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstock
Dr Anton Meier
2FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
§ Introduction§ Solar gasification of petcoke – SYNPETØ500 kWth solar pilot plant
§ Solar gasification of coal, biomass, and C-waste materials – SOLSYNØ150 kWth solar pilot plant
Overview
3FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Overview
§ Introduction§ Solar gasification of petcoke – SYNPETØ500 kWth solar pilot plant
§ Solar gasification of coal, biomass, and C-waste materials – SOLSYNØ150 kWth solar pilot plant
4FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
DecarbonizationH2O/CO2-splitting
Solar Fuels (H2, syngas, liquid fuels)
SolarCracking
SolarGasification
SolarReforming
Solar High-TElectrolysis
SolarThermochemical
Cycle
Solar Electricity
+Electrolysis
ConcentratedSolar Energy
Fossil Fuels(NG, oil, coal)
Optional CO2/C Sequestration
H2O
Long-term goal Short/mid-term transition
CO2
5FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar pilot plants demonstrated in the power range of 150-500 kWth
Solar steam reforming of Solar steam gasification of natural gas / methane carbonaceous feedstock
SOLGAS (200 kWth) SOLREF (400 kWth) SYNPET (500 kWth) SOLSYN (150 kWth)
Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production
6FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
DecarbonizationH2O/CO2-splitting
Solar Fuels (H2, syngas, liquid fuels)
SolarCracking
SolarGasification
SolarReforming
Solar High-TElectrolysis
SolarThermochemical
Cycle
Solar Electricity
+Electrolysis
ConcentratedSolar Energy
Fossil Fuels(NG, oil, coal)
Optional CO2/C Sequestration
H2O CO2
Short/mid-term transition
7FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
CoalSolar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
C-materials
Liquid Fuels
T > 1500 K
Syngas
Background§ Hybrid solar/fossil endothermic process:
Ø Fossil fuels as chemical source for syngas and H2
Ø Concentrated solar radiationas energy source of process heat
§ Solar-driven vis-à-vis autothermalgasification:Ø Higher energetic value of the syngas produced
Ø Higher syngas output per unit of feedstock
Ø Higher quality of the syngas produced
Ø Elimination of air-separation unit
§ Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 73-82, 2011.§ AIChE Journal 57, 3522-3533, 2011.
8FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
Coal
500 700 900 1100 1300 15000.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Temperature
CO(g)
H2(g)
C
H2O(g)
CO2(g)
CH4(g)
2 2HC H O CO H∆+ → +
500 700 900 1100 1300 15000.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Temperature
CO(g)
CO2(g)
C
H2O(g)H2(g)
CH4(g)
( )2 2 2 2
H 308kJ
H 0C H O 0.78 C O CO H 0.78CO∆ =
∆ =+ + + → + +1442443
Solar-driven gasification vs. Autothermal gasification
Temperature (K) Temperature (K)
Equi
libriu
m c
ompo
sitio
n (m
ol)
Equi
libriu
m c
ompo
sitio
n (m
ol)
9FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
CoalSolar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
C-materials
Liquid Fuels
T > 1500 K
Syngas
( )1 2 21 12x yxC H O y H O y H CO + − = + − +
Beech charcoal C1H0.47O0.055 @ 1 bar
700 900 1100 1300 15000
0.8
C
Temperature (K)
Equi
libriu
m c
ompo
sitio
n (m
ol)
0.7
H2O
CO
CO2
H2
CH4
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
=LHV
LHVsyngas
C-feedstock1.33
§ Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 73-82, 2011.§ AIChE Journal 57, 3522-3533, 2011.
10FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
Syngas for liquid fuels production
Solar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
Coal
Liquid Fuels
T > 1500 K
Syngas
11FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
§ Energy 28, 441-456, 2003.
CO2Shift
Reactor
HH2O
COH
CO2H2
Separation H2 Fuel cell Work
Optional Sequestration
CC Work
Solar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
T > 1500 K
Coal
Syngas for power production
12FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
§ Energy 28, 441-456, 2003.
CO2Shift
Reactor
HH2O
COH
CO2H2
Separation H2 Fuel cell Work
Optional Sequestration
CC Work
Solar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
T > 1500 K
Coal
Syngas for power production
coalsolar LHVQOutputWork
+=η
η = 35 %E = 3.5 kWhe/kg
η = 46 %E = 6.1 kWhe/kg
SyngasFC
Rankine
Coal
H2
η = 51 %E = 6.6 kWhe/kg
CC
Solar Gasification
13FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
§ Energy 28, 441-456, 2003.
CO2Shift
Reactor
HH2O
COH
CO2H2
Separation H2 Fuel cell Work
Optional Sequestration
CC Work
Solar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
T > 1500 K
Coal
Syngas for power production
0
200
400
600
800
1000 g CO2 / kWhe
Specific CO2 emissions
¢ Coal-gasification to syngas + 55%-η CC
¢ Coal-gasification to H2 + 60%-η fuel cell
¢ Coal-combustion + 35%-η Rankine cycle
14FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Gasification
§ Energy 28, 441-456, 2003.
CO2Shift
Reactor
HH2O
COH
CO2H2
Separation H2 Fuel cell Work
Optional Sequestration
CC Work
Solar Gasification
Concentrated Solar Radiation
H2OCOH2
T > 1500 K
Coal
Syngas for power production Advantages:
§ Calorific value of feedstock is upgraded by solar power input
§ Gaseous products are not contaminated by combustion by-products
§ Discharge of pollutants to the environment is avoided
15FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Reactor ConceptsDirect heating Indirect heating
16FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Thermochemical Reactor Concepts
upper cavitylower cavity
packed bed
Concentrated Solar Radiation
particle suspension
ConcentratedSolar
Radiation
cavity
Direct heating Indirect heating
convective heat transferconductive heat transfer
radiative heat transferchemical reaction
17FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Overview
§ Introduction§ Solar gasification of petcoke – SYNPETØ500 kWth solar pilot plant
§ Solar gasification of coal, biomass, and C-waste materials – SOLSYNØ150 kWth solar pilot plant
18FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Reactor Technology§ Vortex flow reactor:Ø 5 kWth prototype tested
at solar furnace, PSI
§ Petcoke slurry:Ø Treactor = 1200-1400°C
ØmC = 0.6-3.6 g/min
ØMean slurry stoichiometry (H2O:C) = 1.5
ØMean total stoichiometry (H2O:C) = 4.0
ØResidence time τ = 1.0-2.5 s
Ø XC = 87%
Ø ηthermal = 22%
Solar Vortex Reactor (SYNPET)
§ Energy & Fuels 22, 2043-2052, 2008. § Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 679-684, 2008.
ceramic cavity
ConcentratedSolar
Radiation
quartz window
syngas(H2 + CO)
Petcoke + H2O slurry
H2O nozzle
vortex flow
19FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Reactor Modelingabsorption
§ Radiation emissionreflection/scattering
§ Convection§ Fluid flow§ Conduction§ Chemical kinetics
Solar Vortex Reactor (SYNPET)
§ Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 385-395, 2009.
ceramic cavity
ConcentratedSolar
Radiation
quartz window
syngas(H2 + CO)
Petcoke + H2O slurry
H2O nozzle
vortex flow
20FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
500 kWth solar vortex reactor tested at PSA, Spain§ Industrial project SYNPET (2003-2012)
§ Material flows:Ømpetcoke = 30-50 kg/h
Ømwater = 60-100 kg/h
§ Syngas production:Ømsyngas = 100-180 Nm3/h
Solar Steam Gasification of Petcoke
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 5484-5492, 2008.PSA
21FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Overview
§ Introduction§ Solar gasification of petcoke – SYNPETØ500 kWth solar pilot plant
§ Solar gasification of coal, biomass, and C-waste materials – SOLSYNØ150 kWth solar pilot plant
22FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Reactor Technology§ Two-cavity batch reactor:Ø 5 kWth prototype tested
at solar simulator, PSI
Solar Two-Cavity Reactor (SOLSYN)
§ Fuel 89, 1133–1140, 2010.§ AIChE Journal 57, 3522-3533, 2011.
quartz window
upper cavity
lowercavity
ConcentratedSolar
Radiation
syngas(H2 + CO)
CPC
H2O nozzle
§ Beech charcoal:ØReacted mass:
measured: 0.29 kg ; simulated: 0.28 kg
Ø Thermal efficiency:measured: 29% ; simulated: 26%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Run time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(K)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Qso
lar (k
W)
Tupper cavity (model)Tlower cavity,top (model)Tlower cavity,bottom (model)Tupper cavityTlower cavity,topTlower cavity,bottom
Radiative power
23FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)150 kW
Platform with
pilot plant
Syngas pipe
Torch
24FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Carbonaceous feedstock used
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
§ Energy & Fuels 2013, 27, 4770−4776.
25FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Proximate analyses of feedstock used
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
§ Energy & Fuels 2013, 27, 4770−4776.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Beechcharcoal
Low rankcoal
Ind.sludge I
Ind.sludge II
Fluff I Fluff II Tire chips Driedsewagesludge
Bagasse
moisturevolatilesC fixash
26FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
§ Energy & Fuels 2013, 27, 4770−4776.
Typical solar experiment
Sugar cane bagasse
27FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Syngas composition average over complete test
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Beech
charc
oal
Beech
charc
oal
Low rank c
oal
Low rank c
oal
Low rank c
oal
Ind. Sludge I
Ind. Sludge I
I Fluff I
Fluff II
Fluff II
DSS-MDSS-M
Bagas
se
Tire ch
ips
Tire ch
ips
Tire ch
ips
C3H6 (GC)C2H6 (GC)C2H4 (GC)CO2 (GC)CO (GC)CH4 (GC)H2 (GC)
Syngas composition averaged over entire tests
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
28FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
§ Energy & Fuels 2013, 27, 4770−4776.
syngas syngassolar-to-fuel
solar feedstock feedstock
m LHVQ m LHV
η⋅
=+ ⋅
syngas syngas
feedstock feedstock
m LHVU
m LHV⋅
=⋅
Performance indicators
29FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
150 kWth solar reactor tested at PSA, Spain§ Industrial project SOLSYN (2007-2012)
§ Steam gasification of carbonaceous feedstock:
§ Two-cavity batch reactor for “beam-down” optics:Ø Temperature range 1000-1200°C
Ø Variety of feedstock (coal, sludge, fluff, bagasse) converted to syngas for use in cement manufacturing
Ø Calorific value of solar-producedsyngas upgraded by 30%
Ø Thermal efficiency 30-50%
Solar Gasification Pilot Plant (SOLSYN)
Ash x/2)Hy-(1 CO Oz)H-y-(1 Ash OzH OHC 222yx1 +++→+++
§ Energy & Fuels 2013, 27, 4770−4776.
30FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Gasification Industrial Plant
§ ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 129, 190-196, 2007.
30 MWth Industrial Solar Plant Concept§ 1144 heliostats; Reflective area: 61,876 m2
§ Aim-point at 140 m height
31FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Gasification Industrial Plant
Artist’s view of 50 MWth solar gasification plant to produce syngas for use in cement kiln
32FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Solar Power Plant
Gemasolar (Spain): 300 MWth, 20 MWe solar power plant with 15 hours molten salt storage
33FFF Hybrid Conference on Solar Fuels and High Temperature Solar Applications, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 20-21, 2014
Contact
SolarPACES Operating Agent Task II (Solar Chemistry Research)§ Dr. Anton Meier
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT (PSI) Deputy Head, Solar Technology Laboratory WKPA/008 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Phone: +41 56 310 27 88 Fax: +41 56 310 31 60 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.psi.ch/lst/
Further Information§ http://www.prec.ethz.ch/
§ http://www.solarpaces.org/