Solar City Master Plan of Rajkot

Development of Rajkot Solar City Master Plan, December 2010

Supported by

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Government of India, New Delhi

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AC: Air-conditioner

BEE: Bureau of Energy Efficiency

BIPV: Building Integrated Photovoltaics

BMS: Building Management System

BOOT: Build, Operate, Own and Transfer

BOT: Build, Operate and Transfer

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate

CDM: Clean Development Mechanism

CDP: City Development Plan

CERC: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission

CFA: Central Financial Assistance

CFL: Compact Fluorescent Light

CHP: Combined Heat and Power

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas

CO2: Carbon Dioxide

CPWD: Central Public Works Department

CSP: Concentrating Solar Power

DG Sets: Diesel Generator Sets

DISCOM: Distribution Company

DSM: Demand Side Management

DTS: Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System

ECBC: Energy Conservation Building Code

eCO2: Equivalent Carbon Dioxide

EE: Energy Efficiency

ESCo: Energy Service Company

FITM: Feed in Tariff Mechanism

FTL: Fluorescent Tube Light

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

GHG: Green House Gases

GLS: Global Light Source

GRIHA: Green Building Integrated Habitat Assessment

HH: House Hold

HPSV: High Pressure Sodium Vapour

Hrs/day: Hours per Day

HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning

Hz: Hertz

ICLEI SA: International Council for Local Environmental

Initiatives – South Asia

IEA: International Energy Agency

IEO: International Energy Outlook

IREDA: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

ISES: International Solar Energy Society

JnNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Kg: Kilogram

kHz: Kilo Hertz

kL: kilo litre

kL: Kilo Litre

kT/yr: Kilo Tonnes per Year

kW: kilo Watt

kWe: Kilo Watt Equivalent

kWh: kilo watt-hour

kWp: Kilo Watt Peak

L: Litre

LED: Light Emitting Diode

LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LPD: Litres per day

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas

m/s: Metres per Second

M: Metre

MNES: Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (now the

MNRE)

MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

MSW: Municipal Solid Waste

MT: Metric Tonnes

MU: million units

MW: Mega Watt

MWe: Mega Watt Equivalent

MWh: Mega Watt-hour

MWp: Mega Watt Peak

NGO: Non-governmental Organization

O&M: operations and Maintenance

PDD: Project Design Document

PGVCL: Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited

PNG: Piped Natural Gas

PPP: Public-Private Partnership

R&D: Research and Development

RE: Renewable Energy

REC: Renewable Energy Certificate

RET: Renewable Energy Technology

RMC: Rajkot Municipal Corporation

SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SCP: Solar Cities Project

SERC: State Electricity Regulatory Commission

Sft: Square Feet

SNA: State Nodal Agency

SPV: Solar Photo Voltaic

Sqm: Square Metre

STP: Sewage Treatment Plant

SWH: Solar Water Heater

SWM: Solid Waste Management

T/yr: Tonnes per Year

T: Tonne

TeCO2: Tonnes of Equivalent Carbon Dioxide

TERI: The Energy and Resources Institute

ULB: Urban Local Body

UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change

W: Watt

Wh: Watt-hour

WTP: Water Treatment Plant

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Master Plan is an outcome of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s (MNRE’s) Solar City Programme as

part of the 11th Five year plan. Their initiatives have led to the collaboration of the Rajkot Municipal Corporation

(RMC) with ICLEI-South Asia for the preparation of the Solar City Master Plan for Rajkot city, as part of this

Programme. ICLEI South Asia is extremely grateful to Rajkot Municipal Corporation and Gujarat Renewable Energy

Development Agency (GEDA) for the extensive support and assistance they have provided to ICLEI South Asia

through the duration of the programme.

We would like to thank APSRA, Rajkot for undertaking the data collection and conducting sample surveys for Rajkot

city. The report benefited enormously from peer review process by a gamut of experts from ICLEI South Asia and

most importantly the Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC), Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) and the

stakeholders of Rajkot Solar City Programme. We acknowledge their contributions and suggestions which

streamlined the structure and composition of the master plan.

The report would have not been possible without the generous support of the Ministry of New & Renewable

Energy, Government of India. We extend our gratitude to the honorable secretary of MNRE, Mr. G. M. Pradhan for

his time and advice to make this report better. We specially thank Dr. Bibek Bandyopadyay, Advisor, MNRE and Dr.

Arun Kumar Tripathi, Director, MNRE for their valuable advice and guidance during the preparation of this report.

We also extend our thanks to the other officers and staff of the MNRE for their consistent support in preparing and

finalizing the report.

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CONSULTED ORGANISATIONS:

1. Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

2. Gujarat Urban Development Agency (GUDA)

3. Architects’ Association, Rajkot

4. Builders’ Association, Rajkot

5. Paschim Gujarat Vij Co. Ltd.(PGVCL)

6. Education Department

7. APSRA, Rajkot

8. Food Processing Industries

9. Hotels and restaurants in Rajkot

10. Industrial Associations

11. Local Dealers and Suppliers of Renewable Energy Companies

12. Local Media

13. Members of the civil society, Rajkot

14. State Level Coordinator for distribution of Petroleum Products (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)

15. Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA)

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MNRE TEAM: Dr. Bibek Bandyopadhyay, Advisor & Head, MNRE

Dr. Arun Kumar Tripathi, Director, MNRE

Mr. Hiren Borah, Scientist “B”, MNRE

RAJKOT MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (RMC) AND GUJARAT ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

AGENCY (GEDA) TEAM:

Mr. Ajay Bhadoo, Commissioner, Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

Mrs. Alpana Mitra, OSD, Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

Shri D. P. Joshi, Director, Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA), Gandhinagar

ICLEI SOUTH ASIA TEAM:

Emani Kumar

Dwipen Boruah

Ravi Ranjan Guru

Ashish Verma

Laasya Bhagvatula

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The “Development of Solar Cities” programme by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government

of India, is an immense opportunity for contributing towards a sustainable India in the coming years. This

programme is a crucial step towards supporting Indian cities for the development of renewable energy and energy

efficiency projects and curbing conventional energy demand by 10% in the next five years. This master plan is the

outcome of the programme’s objective to develop a road map for the city to envision and implement renewable

energy and energy conservation strategies. The master plan approach is in tandem with the requirements of the

MNRE guidelines.

The master plan begins with the introductory city profile which encapsulates the city’s current energy demands and

also the municipal corporation services which are intrinsic to the city’s growing energy demand.

The 2nd chapter provides the Current Energy Scenario of Rajkot. Detailed analysis of the trend and pattern of

electricity, petrol, diesel, kerosene and LPG consumption has been discussed and thoroughly analyzed to base the

strategy development of the city. The main sources of energy in the city are electricity, petrol, diesel, LPG and

kerosene.

The 3rd Chapter Energy Demand Forecast of Rajkot estimates the future conventional energy demand interpolating

the past data of energy consumption as well as population growth data. However other key aspects detrimental to

energy demand like population growth and city economic growth has also been considered for ascertaining the

city’s future conventional energy demands.

Diesel has the largest share in the makeup, accounting for 41.39% of the energy supply, electricity with 17.34%

contribution in total energy mix is second in energy consumption, petrol has 14.95% share, kerosene contributes

12.96% to total energy mix, LPG has 12.18%, CNG has 0.62% and auto LPG has 0.19%. The city also has the

implementation of RE technology. There are apprx 16000 SWH installed in residential sector which has apprx

0.38% contribution on total energy consumption.

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Sector wise, a majority of energy consumption is within the industrial sector (42%), followed by the residential

sector (36%). During the last three years, the residential and industrial sectors have shown higher growth in

electricity consumption as compared to the municipal and commercial sectors.

Goal for Year 2013:

Studying the historical growth in consumption levels and population growth projections until the year 2013, it has

been assessed that the energy consumption in Rajkot in 2013 can be ascertained under the highest growth

scenario as 2904.37 MU.

This gives the city a 10% reduction goal of 290.44 MU.

17.34%

12.18%

14.95% 41.39%

12.96% 0.19%

0.62% 0.38%

Energy Consumption Pattern in Rajkot City

Electricity LPG Petrol Diesel Kerosene Auto LPG CNG SWH

36%

15%

42%

7%

Sectorwise Percentage of Electricity Consumption

Residential Commercial Industrial Municipal

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The success of renewable energy technology projects can only be assured with an accurate resource assessment

and its potential in the city. Hence the 4th Chapter Renewable energy and Energy Efficiency Strategies for Rajkot

Municipal Corporation begins with the resource availability and intensity of renewable energy resources like solar,

wind, hydro- and geothermal in the city. This chapter is the most substantial part of the master plan as it

delineates the specific strategies for the city. For ease of study the city has been divided into residential,

commercial, municipal and industrial sectors and both renewable energy and energy efficiency initiatives are

enlisted within it. Case studies have been highlighted in the city which are 4-5 specific sites within the city where

RE and EE technologies can be showcased.

A minimum of 5% of the energy reduction achieved is aimed to be met through renewable energy measures. The

primary or the most feasible actions for which the techno-economics have been developed under renewable

energy measures are solar water heater and solar home light systems. Considering the high upfront/ capital costs

of solar equipments in India SWH has proved to be the least cost option compared to other solar equipments for

Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC). Rajkot is fast developing city in terms of industrial growth as well as overall

growth, the potential for investment lies more in/from individual households.

The table below summarizes the year wise energy savings goal with RE and EE strategies in different sectors:

Energy Savings target over 5 years period of implementation (MU)

RE and EE Strategy for Rajkot City

1st Year

2nd year Cumulative

3rd year Cumulative

4th year Cumulative

5th year Cumulative

Total Energy Savings (MU)

% of savings target to achieve

Emission reduction (Tonnes)/ year

RE for Residential Sector 4.35 10.88 19.58 30.46 43.52 43.52 15.01% 28892 RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector 1.31 3.28 5.90 9.18 13.12 13.12 4.52% 9635 RE for Industrial Sector 4.48 11.20 20.16 31.35 44.79 44.79 15.45% 36683 RE for Municipal Sector 0.20 16.54 36.19 46.20 46.80 46.80 16.14% 37774

Total for RE strategy 14.8

2 37.06 66.70 103.76 148.23 148.23 51.11% 112985 EE for Residential Sector 5.80 14.49 26.09 40.58 57.97 57.97 19.99% 46959 EE for Commercial Sector 3.54 8.85 15.93 24.78 35.39 35.39 12.20% 28669 EE for Industrial Sector 2.20 5.49 9.88 15.37 21.96 21.96 7.57% 10551 EE for Municipal Sector 4.35 10.88 19.59 30.47 43.53 43.53 15.01% 35258

Total for EE Strategy 15.8

9 39.71 71.49 111.20 158.86 158.86 54.78% 121436 RE and EE Combined Strategy

30.71 76.77 138.19 214.96 307.09 307.09 234421

11% 26% 48% 74% 106% 106%

The table below summarizes the total budget and year wise expenses for implementation of solar city development

programme shared amongst MNRE, State/City and private users.

Year 1 (Crore)

Year 2 (Crore)

Year 3 (Crore)

Year 4 (Crore)

Year 5 (Crore) Total (Crore)

State / City Share 7.42 11.13 14.84 18.55 22.26 74.19 MNRE Share 33.78 58.44 73.67 87.30 101.02 354.21

Private Share 73.82 121.20 160.20 190.76 221.46 767.43

Total Budget 115.02 190.76 248.71 296.61 344.74 1195.83

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Guidebook for development of Solar City:

The “Guidebook for development of Solar City” is an integral part of the Master Plan. The guidebook provides

generic information about general energy scenario, renewable energy scenario and energy efficiency initiatives in

India, evolution of solar city concept, international solar city initiatives and local renewable network in its first two

chapters. The third chapter describes the solar city programme in India and its objectives, targets and guidelines.

Indicative renewable energy devices and energy efficiency measures are described in chapter 4 & 5. Financial

models have been suggested in the 6th Chapter Financial Schemes and Business Models to enable the city to

implement the strategies listed here. The implementation phase under this programme will be the key indicator to

determine the level of success for this MNRE programme. The 6th Chapter cites numerous schemes available in

India as well as various business models which can be emulated for successful implementation of RE & EE projects.

Not only financing but capacity building and awareness generation go hand in hand to ensure sustainability of the

MNRE programme. All activities from developing a “Solar City Cell” to workshops and training have been discussed

in the 7th Chapter Implementation Strategy for Solar City Programme.

8th Chapter Risk Analysis describes the risks involved in developing renewable energy projects in the Indian context

and suggests mitigation methods for the cities. A generic approach has been taken to provide the preventive

measures however risks are city-specific and requires intrinsic detailing for individual projects.

The master plan provides a framework to compare and analyze alternative strategies and policies, in order to

facilitate Council’s review and the decision-making process. Achieving significant reduction in energy consumption

requires collective effort by all City departments, other government departments, businesses, industries and

citizens. The City needs to become a bolder leader in its policies, planning, programs, advocacy and its own

operations – there is a tremendous opportunity and need to demonstrate Community Leadership. The investigation

showed that the biggest energy saving potential is in the residential sector and most significant RES potential is for

solar energy projects. It is the responsibility of leaders in all tiers of government, commerce, industry and civil

society to promote action towards more efficient and renewable energy use.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 12

1.1. Rajkot City Profile ........................................................................................................................................ 12

1.2. Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) initiatives in Rajkot ............................................................. 13

1.3. Rajkot City Good Practices .......................................................................................................................... 13

1.4. Developing Rajkot as ‘Solar City’ ................................................................................................................. 15

1.4.1. Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Rajkot Solar City’ .................................................................................. 16

2. ENERGY BASELINE STATUS OF RAJKOT CITY.................................................................................................... 17

2.1. Overall Energy Status .................................................................................................................................. 17

2.1.1. Energy Consumption ............................................................................................................................... 17

2.1.2. Supply Side Energy Balance ..................................................................................................................... 19

2.2. Residential Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 20


2.2.2. Results of sample survey ......................................................................................................................... 21

2.3. Commercial Sector ...................................................................................................................................... 23


2.3.2. Results of sample survey ......................................................................................................................... 24

2.4. Industrial Sector .......................................................................................................................................... 27

2.4.1. Energy consumption ................................................................................................................................ 27

2.4.2. Results of Sample Survey ........................................................................................................................ 28

2.5. Municipal Sector .......................................................................................................................................... 28

2.6. City Wide Green House Gas Inventory ........................................................................................................ 30

2.6.1. City Level Emissions ................................................................................................................................. 30

3. ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST FOR RAJKOT ..................................................................................................... 31

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3.1. Forecasting Based on Population Growth ................................................................................................... 31

3.2. Forecasting Based on Past Data .................................................................................................................. 33

3.3. Forecasting based on national average of 25 cities data ............................................................................ 34

3.4. Goal for the year 2013................................................................................................................................. 35

4. RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES FOR RAJKOT ............................................................................................. 36

4.1. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment ................................................................................................... 37

4.1.1. Solar Radiation ........................................................................................................................................ 38

4.1.2. Wind Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 38

4.1.3. Biomass Resource .................................................................................................................................... 38

4.1.4. Waste generation .................................................................................................................................... 38

4.1.5. Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant........................................................................................... 39

4.2. RE Strategy for Residential sector ............................................................................................................... 39

4.3. RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector .................................................................................. 45

4.3.1. RE Strategy for Hotels .............................................................................................................................. 45

4.3.2. Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants ........................................................................................... 48

4.3.3. Renewable Energy Systems for Hospitals ............................................................................................... 51

4.3.4. Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes ........................................................................... 55

4.3.5. RE Strategy for Industrial Sector ............................................................................................................. 56

4.3.6. RE Strategy for Municipal Sector ............................................................................................................. 57

4.3.7. Waste to Energy Potential in Rajkot ........................................................................................................ 61

5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR RAJKOT ............................................................................................... 66

5.1. EE Strategy for Residential sector ............................................................................................................... 67

5.2. EE Strategy for Commercial Sector ............................................................................................................. 71

5.3. EE Strategy for Industrial Sector .................................................................................................................. 75

5.4. EE Strategy for Municipal Sector ................................................................................................................. 80

5.4.1. EE measures in Street Lighting ................................................................................................................ 80

6. ACTION PLAN AND BUDGET ............................................................................................................................ 88

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6.1. Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings .............................................................................................................. 88

6.2. Physical Target and Action Plan .................................................................................................................. 91

6.3. Implementation Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 93

6.3.1. Establishment of the Solar City Cell......................................................................................................... 93

6.3.2. Awareness and Publicity .......................................................................................................................... 93

6.3.3. Implementation of RE Strategy ............................................................................................................... 94

6.3.4. Renewable Energy Pilot Projects ............................................................................................................. 95

6.4. Financial outlays and sharing of fund .......................................................................................................... 97

6.5. Potential Carbon Market Benefit .............................................................................................................. 102

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CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

Rajkot is a fast emerging urban centre in the state of Gujarat.

It has not only made its presence felt in terms of overall

development and commercialization but also in its many eco

drives for a sustainable future. Rajkot has been approved by

the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed

as a solar city. Rajkot Municipal Corporation is a very active

organization for initiating good practices but it has also come

with the added supportive policy framework from Gujarat

Government for the implementation of renewable energy

initiatives. The Gujarat government has strong Wind Power

Policy 2007 and Solar Power Policy 2009 where SPV systems

of minimum capacity 5 MW & Solar water heater systems

(SWH) of 5MW each are eligible for subsidies.

A proposal can be submitted by any company/body

corporate/association for setting up the above mentioned

systems. The wheeling charges will be 2% of the energy fed

to the grid till the wheeling charges are determined by the

GERC (Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC).

Electricity duty on personal consumption from these solar

powered generators (SPGs) will be exempted. However

Benefits of this policy will not be available to projects set up

under the MNRE incentive scheme for Solar Power

Generation.

1.1. Rajkot City Profile

Energy profile: Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd.(GUVNL): the

erstwhile Gujarat State electricity board has been

reorganized into seven companies with functional

responsibilities of trading, generation, transmission and

distribution of electricity in Gujarat. The Paschim Gujarat Vij

Company Ltd (PGVCL) distributes in the western region of

the state where Rajkot lies.

The Rajkot City circle of PGVCL and Rajkot rural circles

distribute to Rajkot City.

Rajkot City Area: 104.86 sq. km

Population (2001 Census): 1,002,000

Location: 22.15N & 70.56 E

Table 1 : PGVCL Statistics for Rajkot

Rajkot

City

Circle

Rajkot Rural

Circle

Area 150

sq.km

8265 sq. km

Talukas 5 10

Villages 62 584

No of

Divisions

3 4

Sub-div 16 21

11kv Feeders 165 454309

Connections 449 417428

Table 2 : Gujarat Solar Policy Energy Sale Tariffs

Tariff for

SPVs

(Rs/kWh)

Tariff for Solar

Thermal

projects

(Rs/kWh)

Projects

commissio

ned before

31.12.2010

15 for first 12

years)

5(from 13th to

25th year)

10.00 (for first

12 years)

3.00(from 13th

to 25th year)

Other

projects

commissio

ned before

31.03.2014

12.00 (for 1st

12 years)

3.00(from 13th

to 25th year)

9.00(for first

12 years)

3 from (from

13th to 25th

year)

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City services: The Rajkot Municipal Corporation is

responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure

to city dwellers. The services include water supply,

sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management,

disaster management, buildings and roads, street lighting,

maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and

crematoriums, conservation of heritage sites, and

registering of births and deaths. RMC has started five

Civic Centers operational in different areas of Rajkot

Municipal Corporation which connects residence directly

to civic service facilities. Each of the civic centers are

connected online and provided facilities like property tax

assessment, collection, water charge assessment and

collection new connection, complaint redressal etc.

For administration purpose the city is divided into 3

zones: Central Zone, East Zone and West Zone. There are

23 wards in Rajkot Municipal Corporation.

1.2. Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) initiatives in Rajkot

Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) was established to promote and popularize renewable energy

technologies and energy conservation measures, and undertake research and development in these areas in June

1979. GEDA’s primary objective is to disseminate energy information and play a catalytic role in development and

promotion of renewable energy technologies.

GEDA has planned n animal dung/alternative feed material based Captive/decentralized) electricity generation

plant at Rajkot (Source: GEDA website)

Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) Gandhinagar, had

carried out the pre-feasibility studies in total seven cities

including Rajkot for the recovery of energy from municipal Solid

waste under “National Programme on “Energy Recovery From

Urban, Municipal & Industrial Wastes”.

1.3. Rajkot City Good Practices

Samana in Gujarat’s Rajkot district is set to become a major hub

of wind power energy in the country as energy companies like

China Light Power (CLP) and Tata Power have pledged to invest

up to Rs. 8.15 billion ($189.5 million) in different projects in the

area. China light power CLP, through its India subsidiary CLP India,

is investing close to Rs.5 billion for installing 126 wind turbines in

Figure 1 : Rajkot City map

(Source: http://www.touristplacesinindia.com/rajkot/images/rajkot-

city-map.gif)

Table 3 : Renewable Energy

Systems installed through Rajkot

Municipal Corporation

Solar Water Heater 16000(in

residential

sector)

Solar Blinkers & Solar

studs

300

Solar Trees 3

Solar Led & CFL

Streetlights

200

Source: Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

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Samana that will generate 100.8 MW power.(Source: www.indiaaid.com, dated 12.07.2010)

Surat-based Total Thermo Waste Solutions Pvt. Ltd, a part of Surat-based de Tox group is negotiating with

Australia’s Ozmotech for setting up thermo fuel plants across the country. To begin with, the company will set up

plants turning plastic waste into diesel in Vapi, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, Ahmedabad and Samkhiyali with an

investment of around Rs 300-400 crore. Each plant will have an initial capacity of 20 tonne per day and will start

operations by 2010.

Table 4 : CDM projects in Rajkot District

Name of Project Location Brief Description GHG

Estimate

(Tonnes)

Baseline

Methodology

Green House Gas

Abatement through

installation of a wind

power project for export

to the Grid.” in Haripar,

Umrala and Methan

villages in Jamnagar

District and Vadali village

in Rajkot District

Vadali village

in Rajkot

District in

Western

Region in

Gujarat

The project proponent has installed 31 nos.

wind energy based electricity generation

units of 800 kW capacity each (a total of

24.8MW). The electricity generated in the

project activity will be wheeled to the

Western Regional Grid

144741 Approved

Consolidated

Methodology

ACM0002.

Municipal Solid Waste

processing (MSW) in the

city of Rajkot, India”

Nakrawadi

village, Rajkot,

Gujarat

The project is setting up one Municipal

Solid Waste (MSW) processing plant near

Rajkot. The facility entails MSW processing

to derive Refuse Derived Fuel

(RDF), which shall be used as alternative

fuel in nearby cement and oil industries.

The plant processes 300 TPD of MSW and

converts the total MSW to 100 TPD of RDF

fluff per day.

209673 TYPE III: Other

project activities

Category III E:

Avoidance of

methane

production from

biomass decay

through

controlled

combustion.

Rajkot Municipal Corporation has also taken many initiatives to implement renewable energy measures at the city

level. They have installed a 10 kWp PV power system in one of its municipal office building in West Zone. It is a

model for “Solar Grid Connect system”. The PV system’s operation & component details are given in the diagram

below:

15

Apart from this it has installed 200 solar power based streetlights, 180 of which are LEDs and 20 CFLs. Three Solar

trees are also installed within the corporation jurisdiction. Apart from this 300 solar studs and blinkers are also

installed. Moreover 16000 Solar water heaters in the residential sector within Municipal Corporation jurisdiction

have installed SWHs.

1.4. Developing Rajkot as ‘Solar City’

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India has launched a Scheme on “Development of

Solar Cities” under which a total of 60 cities/towns are proposed to be supported for development as “Solar/ Green

Cities” during the 11th Plan period. The program aims at minimum 10% reduction in projected demand of

conventional energy at the end of five years, which can be achieved through a combination of energy efficiency

measures and enhancing supply from renewable energy sources. Out of this 5% will be from renewable energy

source. MNRE has been providing financial support to Rajkot Municipal Corporation for preparing a Master Plan for

developing Rajkot as a Solar City.

Regulation/Bye-laws for installation of Solar assisted water heating system in Functional

buildings in Rajkot

The following provisions are formatted for inclusion in the building bye laws of RUDA 1 “No new building in the following categories in which there is a system or installation to supplying host water shall be built unless the system or the installation is also having an auxiliary solar assisted water heating system :

a) Hospital & Nursing Homes. b) Hotels, Lodges and Guest houses c) Hostels of schools, Colleges, Training Centers d) Barracks of armed forces, paramilitary forces and police e) Individual residential buildings having more that 150 Sq.mt. plinth area f) Functional Buildings of Railway station and Air ports like waiting rooms, retiring rooms, rest rooms, inspection bungalows and catering units. g) Community Centers, Banquet Halls, Barat Ghars, Kalyan mandaps and buildings for similar use.

2. Installation of Solar Water Heating System: (a) New Buildings: Clearance of plan for the construction of new buildings of the aforesaid categories shall only be given if they have a provision in the building design itself for an insulated pipeline from the rooftop in the building to various distribution points where hot water is required. The building must have a provision for continuous water supply to the solar water heating system. The building should also have open space on the rooftop which receives direct sun light. The load bearing capacity of the roof should atleast be 50 kg. per sqm. All new buildings of above said categories must complete installation of solar water heating systems before obtaining necessary license to commence their business. (b) Existing Buildings: Installation of Solar Assisted Water Heating Systems in the existing building shall be made mandatory at the time to change of use to above said category provided there is a system or installation for supplying hot water.

3. Capacity: The capacity of solar water heating system to be installed on the building of different categories shall be decided in consultation with the local bodies. The recommended minimum capacity shall not be less than 25 litres per day for each bathroom and kitchen subject to the condition that maximum of 50 % of the total roof area is provided with the system.

4. Specification: Installation of Solar Assisted Water Heating System shall conform to BIS (Bureau of India Standards) specification IS: 12933. The solar collectors used in the system shall have the BIS certification Mark.

5. Auxiliary System: Wherever hot water requirement is continuous, auxiliary, heating arrangement either with electric elements or oil of adequate capacity can be provided.

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1.4.1. Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Rajkot Solar City’

The master plan preparation process is divided into six steps:

(i) Preparing energy base-line for year 2008

Energy base-line for the city is a detailed documentation of the existing energy demand and supply scenario for

the city. Among other things, it consists of sector-wise energy consumption matrix and energy supply-mix for the

base year. The city is divided into four sectors vis. Residential, Commercial/ Institutional, Industrial and Municipal

sector.

(ii) Demand Forecasting for 2013/2018

This step involves predicting the energy demand for 5 year and 10 year periods. To estimate the demand, growth

in energy use in different sectors has been established. These growth rates are established based on immediate

past trends and future growth plans. Based on the past time-series data and information on growth plans, growth

rate in energy demand for different sectors has been estimated. These growth rates are used for making future

projection of energy demand in each sector for year 2013 (five year) and 2018 (10 year).

(iii) Sector wise strategies

This step involves carrying out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy and energy efficiency

options for each sector based on techno-economic feasibility for such application to the concerned sectors. A

renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy sources for the

city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability, biomass resources and

municipal/industrial wastes. A strategy has been prepared for use of techno economically feasible renewable

energy technology options in each sector.

(iv) Year-wise goals of savings

Year wise goals have been set to achieve targeted energy savings through demand side management by energy

conservation and energy efficiency measures in different sectors & supply side measures based on renewable

energy applications.

(v) Action Plan

A five-year action plan has been prepared to achieve the set goals & expected GHG abatements. This includes

establishment of solar city cell, capacity building and awareness generation.

(vi) Financial Outlay and sharing of fund

An indicative financial outlay has been prepared for implementation of the proposed five-year action plan and

potential sources of funding from respective sources (both public and private) has been indicated.

17

CHAPTER 2

This chapter gives details of energy consumption for the Rajkot city for past 3-5 years. The consumption has

been shown based on the energy sources such as electricity, LPG, petrol, diesel and kerosene. Further, sectoral

break up (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and municipal) of consumption for each fuel is also presented.

The chapter also provides the findings of the primary sample survey, including monthly fuel consumptions,

ownership of appliances and their usage, present usage of renewable energy, awareness and usage of energy

efficient technologies etc.

2. ENERGY BASELINE STATUS OF RAJKOT CITY

2.1. Overall Energy Status

2.1.1. Energy Consumption

Based on the information gathered from the primary data sources, the energy consumption scenario is

presented here. The main sources of energy are electricity, petrol, diesel, LPG and kerosene.

Electricity: Electricity distribution in the city is done through Rajkot City Circle, with 165 numbers of 11kV

feeders and Rajkot Village Circle with 454309 numbers of 11kV feeders. Based on the information available,

sector wise electricity consumption data is compiled for last 3 years.

Table 5 : Electricity Consumption in Rajkot City

Electricity Consumption (MU) No. of Consumers

(2007-08) Year 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Residential 248.88 278.74 316.28 273154

Commercial 106.9273 117.62 133.79 87969

Industrial 282.7615 308.21 363.49 19824

Municipal 60.27 55.19 59.07 -

Total 698.84 759.76 872.63 380947

Growth trend for the electricity can be seen in the figure given below.

18

Figure 2 : Trend in Electricity Consumption (MU) in Rajkot

Figure 3 below gives the break up of electricity consumption for different sectors. Industrial sector dominates

(42%) in electricity consumption . During last three years, the industrial and residential sectors have show

higher growth in electricty consumption as compared to the the municipal and commercial sectors.

Figure 3 : Sector Wise Break-Up of Electricity Consumption

LPG: Based on the available data, LPG consumption is summarized in Table given below. Sectoral beak up of

LPG consumption data was not available.

Table 6 : LPG Consumption Data in Rajkot City

2005-06

(MT)

2006-07

(MT)

2007-08

(MT)

34834 38317 42149

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Municipal

36%

15%

42%

7%

Sectorwise Percentage of Electricity Consumption

Residential Commercial Industrial Municipal

19

Petrol: Based on the available data, petrol consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of the

consumption would be in transportation sector; however, sectoral break up of petrol consumption is not

available.

Table 7 : Petrol Consumption Data in Rajkot City

Petrol Consumption (kL) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

65672.7 72753.2 81483.58

Diesel: Based on the available data, diesel consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of the

consumption would be in transportation & industrial sector. There would also be some diesel consumption in

residential sector for DG sets. However, sector-wise break up of diesel consumption is not available. Also,

diesel consumption data might include the supply to industries which are not falling under RMC area.

Table 8 : Diesel Consumption Data in Rajkot City

Kerosene: Based on the available data, kerosene consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of the

consumption would be in residential sector; however, it might include the supply to industries which are not

falling under RMC area. Sectoral break up of kerosene consumption is not available.

Table 9 : Kerosene Consumption Data in Rajkot City

2.1.2. Supply Side Energy Balance

Based on the available data for these different energy sources, the supply energy scenario for year 2007-08 is

developed. It is found that the SWH penetration in the city is 0.38%, i.e. 0.38% of the total energy mix in the

city is composed of use of Solar Water Heaters. Other renewable sources have very low penetration and are

too small a percentage to be reflected here. The table below gives contribution of these energy sources in the

overall energy supply.

Table 10 : Supply Side Energy Balance in Rajkot for 2007-2008

Diesel Consumption (kL) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

127477.1 153037.4 183044.1

Kerosene

Consumption (kL)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

61747.4 62760.6 64846.5

Source Consumption Unit Consumption (MU)

Electricity 872.63

MU 872.63

LPG 42149.00

MT 612.74

Petrol 81483.58

kL 752.19

20

The pie-chart below gives the

break up in percentage for supply side energy balance for the 2007-08.

Figure 4 : Shares of Fuels in Supply Side Energy Balance

2.2. Residential Sector

2.2.1. Energy Consumption Residential sector dominates the overall energy consumption. Energy usage pattern for this sector is shown in

Table below.

Table 11 : Residential Sector Energy Consumption

Sources 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Electricity (MU) 248.88 278.74 316.28

LPG (MT) 34834 38317 42149

Kerosene (kL) 61747.4 62760.6 64846.5

Energy balance for the sector for the year 2008-09

Table 12 : Energy Balance for Residential Sector Source Consumption Consumption (MU)

Electricity 316.28 MU 316.98

LPG 42149 MT 612.74

MU

17.34%

12.18%

14.95% 41.39%

12.96% 0.19%

0.62% 0.38%

Energy Consumption Pattern in Rajkot City

Electricity LPG Petrol Diesel Kerosene Auto LPG CNG SWH

Diesel 183044.10

kL 2082.69

Kerosene 64846.50

kL 652.04

Auto LPG 668.95

MT 9.72

CNG 3540.25

MT 31.43

SWH 16000

Number 18.90

Total 5083.82

21

Kerosene 64846.50 kL 652.04

Total 1581.06

Electricity consumption in residential sector contributes to 34% of the total electricity consumption in the

city.

2.2.2. Results of sample survey In order to understand the end usage of energy, and consumer behavior patterns consumer survey has been

conducted. The survey questionnaire has been developed to gather information such as monthly fuel

consumption, ownership of appliances and their usage, present usage of renewable energy, awareness and

usage of energy efficient technologies, etc. The survey data has been analyzed and the summary has been

shown below.

Household classification and general details

Household class: Based on the monthly electricity consumption households have been classified under 3

categories.

Figure 5 : Household Classification

Building Type:

Bungalow / Independent House – 58.38%

Housing Scheme – 1.97%

Apartment Building / Flat – 10.26%

Slum Pocket – 27.81%

Others – 1.58%

Family Size:

Less than 5 – 44.02%

5-10 – 50.85%

More than 5 – 5.12%

House area varies from 270 square feet to 4950 square feet and the average house area is 982 square feet.

Energy Consumption Pattern:

3%

81%

16%

< 100 kWh

100-300 kWh

< 300 kWh

22

As the data show that the primary sources of energy consumption in the residential sector are: Electricity, LPG

and Kerosene, we have tried to find out the consumption behavior of these energy sources in the residential

sector.

Table 13 : Summary of Sample Survey

End Use Type of Appliances % of surveyed

HHs owning

the appliance

Average

number of

appliances

per surveyed

HHs

Average

Usage (Hrs

/day)

Average

Capacity (

Wattage)

Lighting Incandescent 31 2 6 60

CFLs 35 2 8 20

Fluorescent – Long 87 3 4 40

Fluorescent – Short 25 1 6 25

Others 0.19 1 2 15

Space

Conditioning

Ceiling Fans 97 6 9 80

Air Conditioner 17 1 3 1800

Room Heater 0.19 1 2 300-350

Water Pumping Electric Water Pump 16.38 1 2 750-800

Water Heating Geyser 30 1 3 1750

Refrigeration Refrigerator 74.38 1 16 200

Others Television 91.84 1 6 100

Others 3.42 1 3 NA

Figure 6 : Lighting Inventory and Usage

Fuel Usage:

Primary fuel used for Cooking

LPG/PNG - 85%

Kerosene - 28%

Microwave Oven - 3%

31.12% 35.29%

86.53%

25.43%

0.19% 0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Incandescent CFL FluorescentLong

FluorescentShort

Others

Percentage of total households (273154) using different lighting technologies

23

Fuel wood - 1% total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage

Primary fuel used for Water Heating

LPG/PNG - 36.24%

Kerosene -22.20%

Fuel wood -9.30%

Electricity -29.79%

Other -2.47% total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage

Figure 7 : Awareness and Usage of Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Technologies

2.3. Commercial Sector

2.3.1. Energy Consumption

Commercial sector energy usage pattern is shown in Table below. The main source is electricity.

Table 14 : Commercial Sector Energy Usage Source 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Electricity (MU) 106.93 117.62 133.79

LPG (MT) NA NA NA

Table 15 : Energy Balance for the Sector for the Year 2007-08 Source Consumption Unit Consumption Unit

Electricity 133.39 MU 133.79 MU

LPG - MT - MU

Total 133.79 MU

Electricity is the main source of energy in commercial sector.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

CFLs EE tube-lights

SWH EErefrigerators

EE Acs EE waterpumps

Awareness about EE appliances HHs using EE appliances

24

Table 16 : Summary of Commercial establishments/institutes in the City

Educational Institutes

Primary Schools/ Nursery 135

Intermediate & High Schools 40

Universities/ Colleges/ Technical Institutes 74

Hospitals

Small hospitals and nursing homes with less than 50 beds 128

Hospitals with 50-200 beds 5

Hospitals having more than 200 beds 1

Hotels

Budget Hotels 20

Luxury Hotel 17

Semi Luxury Hotel 15

Three Star Hotel 5

Five Star Hotel 1

Restaurants

Large Restaurants 17

Medium Restaurants 38

Small Restaurants 10

Food Cart 17

2.3.2. Results of sample survey

Similar to the residential sector, a survey questionnaire has been prepared for commercial sector to

understand the energy usage. The summary of the survey is given below. The data shown below are specific

to the surveyed consumers only. Commercial consumers are classified in three categories based on the

energy consumption.

Figure 8 : Consumer Classification (kWh/month)

84.39%

10.40%

5.20%

0 - 300 kWh

301 - 1000 kWh

> 1000 kWh

25

Table 17 : Commercial Appliances Inventory End Use Type of Appliances % of surveyed

establishment

owning the

appliance

Average

number of

appliances

per surveyed

consumer

Average

Usage/day

Average

Wattage


CFLs 54 5 12 20

Fluorescent Tube (Long) 73 3 11 40

Fluorescent Tube (Short) 12 3 10 25

Others 3 1 8 12

Space

Conditioning

Air Conditioner 47 2 0 1800

Ceiling Fans 99.42 5.5 8 80

Refrigeration Refrigerator 21 1 16 200

Cooking Cooking Equipment 8 1 4 500

Laundry Laundry Equipment 1 1 8 NA

Office Equipments Office Equipment 27 4 8 100

Computers 68 5 8 100

Energy / Fuel usage:

Percentage of consumers in the commercial sector using

Electricity -100%

LPG - 6.07%

Diesel - 1.16%

Other - 1.45% total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage

Average monthly fuel consumption:

Electricity consumption varies from 100 to 16000 kWh and the average consumption is 1271.44 kWh

per consumer.

Electricity bill varies from Rs. 230 to Rs. 30,000 and the average bill is Rs. 1822 per consumer.

LPG consumption is 3.2 cylinders per consumer.

26

Figure 9 : Lighting Technology Used by Consumers

Figure 10 : Awareness and Usage of Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies

Cooking and other appliances:

Consumers having cooking appliances in their premises: 8%

Appliances used for cooking (percentage of consumer using):

LPG/PNG stove - 16%

Electric Oven - 5%

Microwave - 6.25%

Steam Cooking - 7.5%

Average LPG consumption is 2 cylinders per month.

Consumer having water heating equipment in their premises – 1.45%

Central boiler and storage heaters are used for getting hot water.

8.96%

54.05%

73.12%

12.14%

3.41%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

Incandescent CFLs FluorescentLong

FluorescentShort

Others

87.67%

43.84%

29.45%

9.59% 8.90% 8.22%

16.44%

65.07%

30.14%

13.01%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

CFLs EEFTs LLMB LLEB Reflectors HPSL SDLC

Awareness of EE Technologies Usage of EE Technologies

CFLs: Compact Fluorescent lamps HPSL: High Pressure Sodium Lamps

EEFT: Energy Efficient Fluorescent Tubes SDLC: Skylights and Day lighting Controls

LLMB: Low Loss Magnetic Ballast LLEB: Low Loss Electronic Ballast

27

Interest shown for SWH installation:

Table 18 : Interest shown by Consumers for Solar Water Heaters

Yes 2.92%

No, it would be too expensive 35.09%

No, it would be impractical for this facility 61.99%

No, it is too risky and unproven 0%

2.4. Industrial Sector

Rajkot city is considered the economic, industrial and educational hub of the region. Engineering and auto

ancillary industry is viewed as the growth engine of the district. Textiles and Apparels is also an emerging

sector. Rajkot is well known throughout the world for its casting and forging industries. Some of the

industrial products for which Rajkot is known include bearings, diesel engines, kitchen knives, and other

cutting appliances, watch parts, automotive parts, forging industry, casting industry, machine tools, share

market and software development. The below mentioned table shows the total number of industrial units in

the city as well as the categorization of the industries.

Table 19 : Total number of industries and their classification in industrial sector

S. No. Type of Industry Number Percentage

1 Base Metals, Machinery Equipment, Transport Equipment 4396 22.18

2 Chemical and Allied Products 2323 11.72

3 Ores, Minerals, Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, Gas and Electricity 2642 13.33

4 Other Manufactured Articles and Services n.c.c. 245 1.23

5 Railways, Airways, Ships and Road Surface Transport 1171 5.91

6 Rubber, Plastic, Leather & Products 1926 9.72

7 Textiles and Textile Articles 1944 9.81

8 Vegetable, Horticulture, Forestry Products, Beverages, Tobacco

and Pan Masala, Water/Spirit & Alcohol chiefly used in industry

937 4.73

9 Wood, Cork, THERMOCO & Paper and Articles 2795 14.08

10 Others 1445 7.29

Total 19824 100

Source: DIC, Rajkot and Industries Commissionerate, Gandhinagar

2.4.1. Energy consumption

The industrial sector is the highest consumer of electricity in the city. In the year 2007-08 with 363.49 million

kWh of electricity consumption, it contributes 42% to the total electricity consumption in the city. The below

mentioned table details the electricity consumption in industrial sector. The energy balance is also prepared

for the sector.

28

Table 20 : Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Electricity (MU) 282.7615 308.21 363.49

LPG (MT) NA NA NA

Table 21 : Energy Balance for Industrial Sector Source Consumption Unit Consumption Unit

Electricity 363.49 MU 363.49 MU

LPG NA MT NA MU

Total 363.49 MU

2.4.2. Results of Sample Survey

Like residential and commercial sectors, a sample survey of industrial section was carried out in the city. The

city was divided in different parts to take the samples from each part in the city so that there could be an good

representation of the whole city while collecting samples for the industrial sector. The below mentioned table

details the major findings of the sample survey in industrial sector.

Table 22 : Result of Sample Survey

End Use Type of Appliances % of surveyed

establishment

owning the

appliance

Average

number of

appliances

per surveyed

consumer

Average

Usage/day

Average

Capacity (

Wattage)


Fluorescent Tube 86 10 12 40

Space

Conditioning

Air Conditioner 19 4 6-7 1800

Ceiling Fans 99.5 15 10-12 80

Refrigeration Refrigerator 21 1 10-12 200

Power Back up Inverters NA NA NA 500

Generators NA 1 NA NA

Others Water Pumps NA 1 NA NA

2.5. Municipal Sector

The major energy end-uses under the Municipal sector include streetlights, water supply and sewage treatment

plant. Energy consumption data for these three segments is shown in the Table below. Energy consumption for

the Govt. buildings and facilities is considered to be falling under commercial sector.

29

Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption:

Table 23 : Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption (MU)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Municipal Buildings 0.82 0.76 0.81

Street light 10.30 10.52 12.53

Water Supply 43.7 36.7 38.9

Sewage Treatment Plant 5.5 7.2 6.8

TOTAL 59.5 54.42 59.04

Table 24 : Electricity Consumption in Municipal Buildings

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Municipal Office Buildings 0.09 0.10 0.11

City Halls 0.09 0.10 0.10

Fire Stations 0.14 0.16 0.20

Stadium 0.00 0.00 0.00

Swimming Pools 0.03 0.02 0.02

Library 0.01 0.01 0.01

Hospital 0.28 0.18 0.16

Schools 0.18 0.20 0.22

Total 0.82 0.76 0.81

Table 25 : Energy Consumption for Street lighting (MU)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Street Lights 10.27 10.49 12.49

Park Lights 0.03 0.04 0.03

10.30 10.52 12.53

Water Pumping:

Table 26 : Electricity Consumption in Water Pumping (MU)

(2005-06) (2006-07) (2007-08)

Electricity Consumption

in Water Supply

43.7 36.7 38.9

Total 43.7 36.7 38.9

Waste Water Treatment Plant:

Table 27 : Energy Consumption in waste water treatment plant (MU)

(2004-05) (2005-06) (2006-07)

Electricity Consumption in

Sewage Treatment Plant

5.5 7.2 6.8

Total 5.5 7.2 6.8

30

2.6. City Wide Green House Gas Inventory

2.6.1. City Level Emissions

The city‘s inventory was conducted by compiling the best available data on energy consumption. The ICLEI SA

study reveals that all activities in Rajkot city contribute to 1712780 T e CO2 in 2007-08. The Per capita emission

for Rajkot city is 1.29 T/ Year in 2007-08. The corporation level emission is about 2.79 % to the total city level

emissions.

Figure 11 : Share of GHG Emissions by Fuel Usage

Above fig summarizes the city GHG emission by source. The electricity consumption accounts for 41.27% of the

City’s total carbon emissions. The diesel consumption produces 29.92% of the City’s total carbon emissions. The

usage of petrol in transportation and kerosene in residential sector lead to 11.89% and 9.47% contribution

respectively in total emissions of the city. LPG being a clean fuel has a very low percentage in total emissions of

the city. It is 7.33% of total. Auto LPG is also used in transport which has 0.12% share in total emissions.

41.27%

7.33% 11.89%

29.92%

9.47%

0.12%

Electricity

LPG

Petrol

Diesel

Kerosene

Auto LPG

31

CHAPTER 3

This chapter forecasts the future consumption of Rajkot based on baseline energy consumption, past data

and population growth. The forecasts figures gives us a clear view of the future conventional energy

demands in the city based on which the strategies have been developed and substantiated.

3. ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST FOR RAJKOT

There are three scenarios for which the projections have been done. First is based on the population growth

and the second is based on the time-series data on energy use during last five years. ICLEI South Asia has done

a study of 54 South Asian Cities and has prepared a energy consumption report and the emissions inventory for

the same. So we have also used the 41 Indian cities energy consumption data and trend thereof to project the

energy demand for Rajkot city for the year 2013 and 2018.

3.1. Forecasting Based on Population Growth

Population projection for Rajkot Municipal Area has been done in city development plan (CDP) under JNNURM

scheme. The table gives the data population data as per the CDP. Based on this data, population for year 2008,

2011, 2013, 2018 and 2021 has been interpolated considering the growth rate under different scenarios is

considered and then interpolation is done.

Table 28 : Year wise Population of Rajkot City

Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Population 36151 34191 45845 59122 66353 132069 194145 300112 445076 559407 1003015

Table 29 : Population Projection till 2021

Population projection under different

Scenarios

Low Medium High

Growth rates under

different scenarios

4.00% 4.05% 4.59%

Population for 2008 1320000 1324350 1373250

Population for 2011 1484700 1491860 1571120

Population for 2013 1605860 1615150 1718660

Population for 2018 1953800 1969800 2151000

Population for 2021 2197730 2218960 2461000

32

Forecasting for the year 2013/2018

The projections for fuel consumption have been done assuming that the fuel consumption will grow at the same

rate as population. The table given below summarizes projections for year 2013 and 2018. All the projections has

been done taking high growth rate scenario under consideration.

Table 30 : Energy Consumption Projection (MU)

2008 2013 2018

Population 13,73,250 17,18,660 21,51,000

Electricity 872.63 1092.2 1366.9

LPG 612.74 766.9 959.8

Kerosene 652.04 816.06 1021.35

Total 2137.41 2675.09 3348.03

Figure 12 : Forecasting for Energy Consumption (MU) based on population growth

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

2008 2013 2018

Electricity

LPG

Kerosene

33

3.2. Forecasting Based on Past Data The table given below gives the projected values for the year 2013 and 2018. Based on the past data, a linear

growth rate has been considered and the projection has been done. Since Rajkot is a fast developing city, the

consumption of energy is increasing at a very rapid pace. The below mentioned table shows the energy

consumption projections done for the year 2013 and 2018.

Table 31 : Energy Consumption Projection for Rajkot City

2008 2013 2018

Electricity 872.63 1298.5 1733.0

LPG 612.74 877.8 1143.6

Kerosene 652.04 728.14 806.05

Total 2137.41 2904.37 3682.63

Figure 13 : Forecasting of Energy Consumption (MU) based on historical data

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

1800.00

2000.00

2008 2013 2018

Electricity

LPG

Kerosene

34

3.3. Forecasting based on national average of 25 cities data

The table 24 given below gives the projected values for the year 2013 and 2018. Based on the 25 cities’ past

data from ‘ICLEI South Asia’s Carbon and Emissions Profiles of 54 South Asian Cities’ report, a linear growth has

been considered and the projection has been done.

Table 32 : Energy consumption projection for Rajkot City (MU)

Energy Sources 2008 2013 2018

Electricity Consumption 872.63 1140.2 1408.5

LPG 612.74 800.6 989.0

Kerosene 652.04 851.97 1052.41

Total 2137.41 2792.82 3449.86

Figure 14 : Energy Consumption Forecasts Based On 25 Cities Data

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

2008 2013 2018

Electricity

LPG

Kerosene

35

3.4. Goal for the year 2013 Since, transportation sector is not included in this study so petrol and diesel consumption is not considered and

the energy usage for electricity, kerosene and LPG is considered for defining the energy target. Based on this

data, the targeted reduction in energy consumption (10% of the total based on past data projection) for the

year 2013 would be 290 MUs.

Table 33 : Forecasting of Energy Consumption for Rajkot City under different Growth Rates

Energy Sources Based on

population growth

(MU)

Based on past

data (MU)

Based on

25 cities’ data

(MU)

Electricity (MU) 1092.2 1298.5 1140.2

LPG (MU) 766.9 877.8 800.6

Kerosene(MU) 816.06 728.14 851.97

Total (MU) 2675.09 2904.37 2792.82

10% of target 267.51 290.04 279.28

36

CHAPTER 4

This chapter delves into renewable energy resource assessment and strategy for introducing different

Renewable Energy Technologies in residential, commercial, industrial and municipal sector of Rajkot city.

Renewable energy resource availability and potential is a key criterion for suitable renewable energy

technology installations and success. The chapter later develops the strategies for Rajkot city based on the

renewable energy available in the city and the baseline energy consumption and future energy demands of

the city.

4. RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES FOR RAJKOT

The main objective of this chapter is to identify available renewable energy resources in Rajkot city and carry

out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy options for residential, commercial, industrial

and municipal sector and making a priority listing of the options.

A renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy sources

for the Rajkot city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability, biomass

resources and municipal/industrial wastes etc. The strategy has been prepared for each sector identifying most

techno economically viable renewable energy options considering wide range of potential consumers in the

particular sector. An implementation target for development of solar city project in 5 years period has been set

with an objective to meet at least 5% energy consumption from renewable energy on completion of the solar

city project in Rajkot.

For the residential sector, potential for introducing the following renewable energy devices has been worked

out based on present energy use pattern of the residents, economic level, availability of such products and

economic feasibility.

(i) Solar Water Heaters

(ii) Solar Cookers

(iii) Solar Lanterns

(iv) Solar Home System

(v) Solar PV system for Home Inverters

(vi) PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets

(vii) Renewable Energy Systems for Residential Housing Complexes

Commercial and Institutional Sector has been divided in to four broad categories as below and these categories

again sub divided into further categories based on their capacity and functional differences.

(i) RE Strategy for Hotels – budget hotels

(ii) RE Strategy for Restaurants – Large, medium, small, food cart

(iii) RE Strategy for Hospitals – less than 50 bedded, 50-200 bedded, more than 200 bedded,

Dispensaries/ dental clinic/ microsurgery

(iv) RE Strategy for Educational Institutes – Primary, intermediate, colleges, engineering colleges,

37

medical colleges, Computer Institute, Polytechnics, ITI

On the spot assessment have been carried out visiting each of these sub categories to identify present energy

demand, energy and fuel used, load shedding occurs, standby power supply provision, space available for

installation of solar arrays and collectors etc. Based on the site visit and energy demand assessment,

preliminary design/sizing of appropriate renewable energy devices have been worked out for each category

establishment. An indicative budgetary financial implication, energy savings, payback period and GHG emission

reduction has been estimated for each renewable energy option that has been suggested.

Industrial sector is broadly divided into five categories. Suitable renewable energy technologies have been

prepared for each of the category.

Base Metals Products, machinery equipment and Transport equipment

Chemical and allied products

Ores, Minerals, Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, Gas and electricity

Other Manufactured articles and Services n.c.c.

Railways, Airways, Ships and Road surface Transport equipments

Rubber, Plastic, Leather & Products thereof

Textiles and textile articles

Vegetable, Horticulture, Forestry Products, Beverages, Tobacco and Pan Masala and Non – editable

Water/Spirit & Alcohol chiefly used in industry

Wood, Cork, THERMOCO & Paper and Articles thereof

Others

Municipal Sector is divided into seven categories and options for appropriate renewable energy options have

been recommended based on the assessment made on each category of the sector.

(i) Buildings - Municipality building and other Office Buildings

(ii) Markets – General markets, vegetable markets

(iii) Parks – Municipality Parks

(iv) Outdoor lighting Road safety- Street light, monuments, road blinkers,

(v) Municipal Solid Waste

(vi) Sewage Treatment Plant

(vii) Pumping Station

4.1. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment

A preliminary assessment has been done for solar, wind and biomass resources and energy recovery potential

from municipal solid waste and sewage treatment plant. While biomass data is for entire Rajkot district, there is

no hydro potential in the city.

38

4.1.1. Solar Radiation

Rajkot receives good amount of solar radiation as the average annual solar radiation for Rajkot is presented in

the below table.

Table 34 : Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/Day)

Source Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

NASA SSE Satellite

data 4.64 5.34 6.17 6.70 6.67 5.80 4.77 4.58 5.20 5.22 4.66 4.31 5.34

Nearest Station

ground data 4.54 5.44 6.35 6.95 6.99 6.02 4.31 4.31 5.18 5.26 4.65 4.23 5.35

4.1.2. Wind Energy

Wind data18 for Rajkot is presented in the table below. Generally, average annual wind speeds of at least 4.0-4.5

m/s are needed for a wind turbine to produce enough electricity to be cost-effective. From the wind data, there

seems to be less potential for wind energy in Rajkot. Detailed Study is required for assessment of energy

generation potential from wind resource

Table 35 : Monthly averaged wind speed above earth surface for terrain similar to airports (m/s)

Height

(10 M)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average

NASA

data

2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.4 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.6

4.1.3. Biomass Resource

Biomass resource for Rajkot is not available separately. However, the data is available at district level and

presented below in the Table. Major agricultural products of the district are Paddy, Nagli, Pulses, Oilseeds, Spices

and Flowers. Though the potential of power generation for biomass is estimated to be 208.4MWe for the entire

district, apparently there is no potential of power generation from biomass within the Rajkot city.

Table 36 : Biomass Resource District Area

(kHa)

Crop

Production

(kT/Yr)

Biomass

Generation

(kT/Yr)

Biomass

Surplus

(kT/Yr)

Power

Potential

(MWe)

Biomass Class

Rajkot 691.8 NA 953.5 630.3 88.2 Forest & wasteland

Rajkot 759.8 950.4 2611.0 886.3 120.2 Agro

4.1.4. Waste generation

The most dominant source of waste generation in Rajkot is domestic waste apart from other sources of waste

like commercial, institutional and industrial. The city corporation Plan for Rajkot gives the following break –up of

waste generated.

Table 37 : Daily waste generation in tons/day and % depending on the type of waste

Type of Waste Daily Generation

39

Tons/day Percentage (%)

Domestic waste 250.74 83.58

Trade/Institutional Waste 10.52 3.5

Construction waste/Industrial waste 18.27 6.09

Market Waste 19.72 6.58

Slaughter House Waste 0.75 0.25

Total 300 100

4.1.5. Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant

The present sewage of old city is being collected through about 350 km long collective system with 7 nos.

of intermediate pumping stations. The sewage being pumped to the sewage treatment plant for the

treatment, the capacity of the plant is 44.5 MLD, however, it is inadequate to cater the present quantity of

sewage about 64 MLD.

4.2. RE Strategy for Residential sector

The residential sector consumes 36% of total electricity consumption of 872.63 MU in Rajkot city. The sector

consumed 1581.06 MU of energy, which includes primarily Electricity, LPG and Kerosene. Kerosene is the major

fraction of energy consumed by the residential sector. Use of renewable system to cater a part of energy

demand in residential sector can substantially reduce fossil fuel consumption and green house gas emission.

Different renewable energy options have been proposed based on technology available and economic

feasibility. Only those renewable energy devices are recommended which are technically proven, commercially

available and attractive in terms of financial benefit from energy savings.

(i) Installation of Solar Water Heating System

In 2006, Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) made it compulsory for all the newly constructed buildings to

install solar energy system for heating water as geysers and water heaters consume lots of electricity. Since then,

no building in the suburb has been issued No Objection Certificate (NOC) and Occupancy Certificate on

completion unless the solar system is installed.

The target in 5 years for introduction of SWHs is set at 10% of residential consumers who are already using

electric geysers for their daily hot water requirement. Introduction of solar water heating system could save up

to 19.7 MU energy in total. Cost implication and energy savings potential is presented in the table below.

Table 38 : Target for SWHs installation in Rajkot City

Single Household Unit

Average size of domestic SWH (2 sq. m. collector area) 100/125 LPD

Total energy saved per year 1575 kWh

Indicative cost of installation 20000 INR

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1100.00 per sq. m. 2200

Cost of energy savings 5512.5 INR

Payback period 3 Years

40

Target for entire city

Total Residential household 273154 Nos.

Residential household using geysers 30%

Target to replace electric geyser by SWH in 5 years 15%

Average size of domestic SWH (2 sqm collector area) 100/125 LPD

Number of SWH to be installed in 5 years plan 12489 Nos.

Total collector area in sqm 24977 m2

Total energy saved per year 19.7 MU

Indicative cost of installation 2497.72 Lakh

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1100.00 per sqm 274.75 Lakh

Cost of energy savings 688.43 Lakh


Emission reduction per year 15932 Tonnes

(ii) Use of Solar cookers (Box and dish type)

Both box type solar cooker and dish type solar cooker can be promoted in the urban areas. Box type solar

cooker is an ideal device for domestic cooking during most of the year, except for the monsoon season and

cloudy days. It however cannot be used for frying or chapatti making. It is durable and simple to operate. On

the other hand, dish type solar cooker can be used for indoor cooking. The stagnation temperature at the

bottom of the cooking pot could be over 300oC depending upon the weather conditions. The temperatures

attained with this cooker are sufficient for roasting, frying and boiling. Regular use of a box type solar cooker

may save 4-5 LPG cylinders per year. The use of solar cooker to its full capacity may result in savings up to 10

LPG cylinders per year at small establishments. Setting a target of 10% residential consumer having facility to

install solar cookers to adopt solar cooker (75% box type and 25% dish type) in the 5 years period, a total of

0.68 million kg of LPG could be saved by reducing 2668 tonnes of GHG from Rajkot City (considering specific

emission from LPG as 0.24 kg CO2 per kWh).

Table 39 : Target for introducing Solar Cooker in Rajkot City

Solar Cooker for residential use Unit


Household having facility to install a solar cooker 40%

Target for introducing of solar cooker in 5 years 10%

Number of Solar Cooker to be installed in 5 years plan 10926 Nos.

Average savings of LPG domestic cylinder per year (14kg) 5 Nos.

Total LPG saved per year 764831 kg


Indicative cost of installation (75% box type & 25% SK-14) 286.81 Lakh

MNRE subsidy for solar cooker @30% 86.04 Lakh


Payback period 1.05 Years


41

(iii) Solar lanterns to replace kerosene lamps

Solar lantern has the average capacity of providing three hours of continuous light from a single charge per day,

and can work as source of light for poor families without electricity. Kerosene is the main source of burning light

in poor families in Rajkot particularly during load shedding hours and survey results reveal that 14% of the

household in the city use kerosene lanterns during load shedding to illuminate their houses. Average

consumption of kerosene per household is 9 litres per month. Assuming a household uses 3-4 lanterns,

consumption of one lantern will be about 3 litres per month.

Table 40 : Target for introducing solar lanterns in Rajkot City

Single Household Unit

Capacity of residential Solar Home System 10 Wp

Number lights per Solar Lantern 1 Nos.

Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SL 1 Nos.

Consumption of kerosene per lanterns/month 3 Litres

Cost of kerosene per litre in the market 20 INR

Cost of kerosene per year per household 720 INR

Indicative cost of installing a SL 3000 INR

MNRE subsidy @50% 1500 INR

Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps 2.1 years

Target for entire city Unit


Residential household use kerosene lamps 14%

Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years 10%

Number of SL to be installed in 5 years plan 3824 Nos.

Total kerosene lamp replaced 3824 Nos.


Kerosene saved 137670 Litres

Savings in terms of Electricity 1.38 MU

Cost of kerosene savings 27.53 Lakh

MNRE subsidy @50% 57.36 Lakh

Payback period 2.1 years


(iv) Use Solar Home Systems (SHS)

A Solar Home System is a fixed indoor lighting system and consists of solar PV module, battery and balance of

systems. Capacity of such system could be of 18Wp, 37Wp and 74Wp for different configuration. The luminaries

used in the above systems comprise compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) of 7 W / 9 W / 11 W capacity respectively.

The fan is of DC type with less than 20 W rating. One Battery of 12 V, 40 / 75 Ah capacity is also provided with

SPV modules of 37Wp / 74Wp as required. The system will work for about 4 hours daily, if charged regularly.

The Solar Home Lighting systems have been proposed to replace kerosene lamps used by 14% population in

Rajkot Municipal Corporation area during load shedding hours. A 74Wp Solar Home System can replace 3-4

kerosene lamps with 4-5 hours backup hence replacing entire need of kerosene, which is estimated at an

42

average of 9 litres per month per household. Assuming 10% replacement in the planned 5 years period an

estimated amount of 601 kilo litres of kerosene could be saved reducing 1527 tonnes of GHG emission from the

city. The potential of kerosene replacement with Solar Home Systems and financial implication thereon is

indicated in the table below.

Table 41 : Target for introducing solar home system in Rajkot City

Single residential household Unit

Capacity of residential Solar Home System 74 Wp

Number lights per Solar Home System 4 Nos.

Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SHS 4 Nos.

Consumption of kerosene per household/month (survey result) 13 Litres

Cost of kerosene per litre in the market 20 INR

Cost of kerosene saved per year per household 3144 INR

Indicative cost of installing a SHS 16000 INR

MNRE subsidy @50% 8000 INR

Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps 2.5 Years

Target for the Entire City Unit


Residential household use kerosene lamps 14%

Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years 10%

Number of SHS to be installed in 5 years plan 3824 Nos.

Total kerosene lamp replaced 15297 Nos.


Kerosene saved 601 KL

Savings in terms of Electricity 6 MU

Cost of kerosene savings 120 Lakh

MNRE Subsidy @50% 306 Lakh



(v) Using Solar PV for Home Inverters

Use of solar panels to charge Home Inverter system could be an attractive option as standby power supply

system during load shedding hours. About 15% of residential consumer use inverters during load shedding

hours. Assuming that 15% of HH who are already using inverters will adopt the 250 Wp solar PV systems to

charge their inverter battery, an aggregate of 1.02 MWp solar PV systems could be installed in the residential

buildings, which will generate 1.54 MU green energy per year and reduce the load demand and emission by

1244.56 tonnes per year. It is assumed that MNRE will provide 50% subsidy for these system. The potential of

energy savings, green house gas emission reduction and budgetary financial implication is indicated in the table

below.

Table 42 : Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Rajkot City

Solar PV for Home Inverters Unit

Capacity of solar PV system for Home Inverter 250 Wp

43

Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter 30000 INR


Residential household use Inverter during load shedding 15%

Target to introduce solar charger for inverter in 5 years 10%

Number of solar inverter to be installed in 5 years plan 4097 Nos.

Total PV capacity installed 1024 kWp

Energy generated by PV arrays per year 1.54 MU

Cost of energy saved 54 Lakh




Emission reduction per year 1244.56 Tonnes

(vi) Using Solar PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets

Due to poor power supply situation, about 7% of resident of Rajkot use typically 5-10kW DG/ kerosene

generator sets during the load shedding hours. Solar PV power packs can be used to replace those polluting

generator sets with high operating cost. A 1000 Wp solar PV power pack has been considered for an average

household in Rajkot. For 5-year framework 10 % households have been taken into consideration for

replacement of DG /kerosene sets with solar PV systems with a target to save 2294 kL of diesel in five years’

time and reduce GHG in the tune of 6425 tonnes for five year’ period.

Table 43 : Target for replacement of diesel generator sets with PV Power Pack in Rajkot City

Solar PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets Unit

Capacity of solar PV system 1 kWp

Indicative cost of Solar power pack 2.00 Lakh


Residential household use generators during load shedding 7%

Target to introduce solar power pack in 5 years 10%

Number of solar power pack to be installed in 5 years plan 1912 Nos.

Total PV capacity installed 1912 kWp


Typical generator set used 5-10 kW

Average fuel consumption per day for 4-6 hours load shedding 6 litres

Amount of diesel saved in five years for entire city 2294 kL

Cost of Diesel saved 917.80 Lakh

44


MNRE subsidy @50%, subject to maximum of Rs.1.00 Lakh per kWp 1912.078 Lakh


Emission reduction per year for replacement of diesel 6425 Tonnes

(vii) RE systems for residential Apartments/ Housing Complexes

Solar water heaters and solar PV power plants are considered to be most viable renewable energy devices for

the existing and well as new residential complexes.

Table 44 : RE System for Residential Apartments

Number of residential apartment complex society 116

Number of residential apartment per society 20%

Number of Residential Apartments Blocks to Introduce RE system 23

Average number of Residence in each apartment Block 20

Solar Water Heater System

Average size of Solar water heaters 2000 LPD

Total capacity of SWH to be installed in 5 years plan 46400 LPD

Total collector area in sqm 928 m2



MNRE subsidy @Rs.1900.00 per sqm 17.63 Lakh

Beneficiary/ State/ RMC share 28.77 Lakh




Solar PV Power Plant for Back up power

Capacity of solar PV system for single apartment of 50 Residence 10 kWp

Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter 12 Lakh

Total capacity of PV systems for targeted apartments for 5 years 232 kWp






Payback period 11 years


45

(viii) Summary of RE strategy for Residential Sector

Implementation of renewable energy projects as proposed above will save 43.52 energy in five years, which will

reduce GHG of 28,892 tonnes per year. When achieved the target, residential sector strategy will meet 15% of

total target for energy savings for the city as per mandate of development of solar city. The entire target could

be achieved with a total investment of about Rs. 8889.27 lacs in the 5 years period where contribution from

MNRE will be about Rs.3407.59 lacs with existing schemes and balance fund could be met from users, state or

other funding agencies. It is recommended that promotion of solar water heaters in residential sector should

be given higher priority, as energy savings from solar water heaters is the highest.

Table 45 : Summary of RE Strategy for Residential sector in Rajkot City

RE Strategy for residential sector Units

of

Target

Target

Capacity

Investment

(Lakh)

MNRE

subsidy

(Lakh)

User’s

contrib

ution

(Lakh)

Energy

Saved

per year

(MU)

Emissions

Reductions

(Tonnes)

Installation of Solar water Heaters

(100/125LPD)

Nos. 12489 2498 274.75 2222.9

7

19.67 15932

Use of solar cookers Nos. 10926 287 86.04 200.77 11.12 2668

Use of Solar Lantern Nos. 3824 115 57.36 57.36 1.38 350

Use of Solar Home Lighting System

(74Wp)

Nos. 3824 612 305.93 305.93 6.04 1527

Use of Solar Home inverter (250Wp) Nos. 4097 1229 614.60 614.60 1.54 1245

Use of PV for replacing DG sets

(1kWp)

Nos. 1912 3824 1912.08 1912.0

8

2.87 6425

Solar Water Heaters for Residential

Apartment Complex

LPD 46400 46 17.63 28.77 0.55 464

Solar PV Power Pack for Residential

Apartment Complex

kWp 232 278 139.20 139.20 0.35 282

8889.27 3407.59 5481.6

8

43.52 28892

4.3. RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector

The commercial and institutional sector consumes about 15% of total electricity consumed in the city with its

522 educational institutes which includes primary and secondary schools, colleges/institutions and university,

134 medical service facilities, 58 hotels and 82 odd restaurants. Different strategies are prepared for different

categories of consumers based on type and quantum of energy consumed and availability of resource and space

to generate renewable energy in their premises. While preparing the strategy, only techno economically viable

and commercially available renewable energy options are considered.

4.3.1. RE Strategy for Hotels

Rajkot city does not have much of the big hotels. The city has 20 budget hotels and other commercial

accommodations facilities. Some case studies are made to assess renewable energy and energy conservation

measures in hotels. Major energy requirement such as hot water and electricity during load shedding hours

could be met by solar energy. Solar thermal system can be used to generate hot water or steam for cooking.

Solar PV power plant can be used to reduce or eliminate use of diesel generators which are being used during

load shedding hours. Apart from that hotels also generate bio waste which can be used to produce biogas

through bio-methanation process. Solar pumps and solar garden lights can be used for sprinkling water and

beautification.

46

(i) Renewable Energy Systems for Budget Hotel

Hotel Raja has been chosen as the case study site for a budget hotels’ energy consumption portfolio. The tables

below give us the energy appliances utilized by a typical budget hotel in Rajkot. Based on the energy baseline

scenario specific renewable energy systems have been proposed which can help in energy saving at the case

study site. The occupancy of the hotel has been taken to be 50% for the calculations mentioned below.

Table 46 : Case Study of Budget Hotel

Location of the Hotel Rajkot

No of rooms 16 Nos.

Roof Area available 290 m2

Shadow free open space at ground 15 m2

Average Load Shedding 3 Hours/day

Monthly LPG consumption for cooking 40 kg

Standby Power Supply System:

Diesel Generator 1 (off peak load) 8 KVA

Average consumption of diesel per day 2.5 liters/ day


Average consumption of diesel per day 4 liters/ day

Electrical Energy Demand:

Electrical Appliances No. Operatin

g Hours

Wattage of

the device

(in watt)

Load

(kW)

Energy

consumption

/day at 50%

occupancy

(kWh)

Guest Rooms

Ceiling Fans (9 months) 17 12 60 1.02 12.24

Air Conditioner (5 months) 5 10 1500 7.5 75.00

Electric Geyser (4 months) 5 2 2000 H 20.00

Television 17 10 100 1.7 17.00

Coolers (9 months) 17 8 150 2.55 20.40

Incandescent (light Bulb) 17 10 40 0.68 6.80

Compact Fluorescent 17 6 15

0.25

5 1.53

Fluorescent (Long, 4 Feet Tube) 17 10 40 0.68 6.80

Common area and other

facilities

47

Celing fans 4 12 60 0.24 2.88

Airconditioner 1 10 1500 1.5 15.00

Compact Fluorescent 10 6 15 0.15 0.90

Fluorescent (Long, 4 Feet Tube) 4 10 40 0.16 1.60

Incandescent (lLight Bulb) 4 10 60 0.24 2.40

Refrigerators/ Freezer 2 8 560 1.12 8.96

Television 3 8 100 0.3 2.40

Water pump 1 4 1500 1.5 6.00

Computers 1 24 100 0.1 2.40

Printer 1 3 100 0.1 0.30

Total Energy Consumption 20 203.00

The renewable energy systems proposed for the budget hotel in Rajkot are enlisted in the tables below. The

techno –economics of installing the RE systems has also been provided.

Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating of water for

cooking:

500 LPD

Approximate area required for installation 15 m2

Indicative cost of the system 75000 INR

MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m2 21000 INR

Energy savings per day average 17.5 kWh

Considering 4 months use of geyser (using 75% of water) & 12 months of hot

water for cooking (using 25% of water) savings per year will be 119438 kWh

Savings of electricity per year 1575 kWh

Savings of LPG per year

1597 kWh

Annual cost savings from saving electricity 7875 INR

Annual cost savings from saving LPG 4394 INR

Total savings 12269 INR


Emission reduction 3 tones

Rooftop PV system for diesel abetment 5 kWp

Approximate area required 5 m2

Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup 1315789 INR

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1.00lakh per kWp 526316 INR

Approximate annual energy generation 7895 kWh

Fraction of DG power replaced 102%

Amount of diesel saved per year 3619 litres

Cost savings from diesel per year 144775 INR

Annual O&M Cost of DG sets 25000 INR


Emission reduction 6 tonnes

48

Biogas system

Organic Waste from kitchen and other services per day 30 kg

Biogas plant recommended 3 CuM

Investment 0.5 Lakh


User’s share 0.25 Lakh

LPG saved per year 438 kg

Energy in terms of MU savings per year 0.01 MU

Cost savings per year 0.18 Lakh


Emission Reduction per year 0.267 Tonnes

(ii) Summary of RE Strategy for Hotels

Introduction of RE system in 50% of the hotels in Rajkot city as described in the table below will save 2.87 MU

of energy in five years and reduce GHG emission by 2455 tonnes. Introduction of solar water heater system

should be given prime importance followed by biogas system and solar PV system for diesel abatement.

Table 47 : Summary of RE strategy for Hotels

RE System Proposed Numbers SWH/SC

system PV system Biogas/

Biomass system (cum)

Energy Savings

(MU)

Total Emission reduction

Hotels 0 Budget hotels / lodge 20 40000 100 300 0.62 548.70 Luxury hotels 17 85000 170 425 1.26 1095.23 Semi-Luxury Hotels 15 150000 225 150 2.11 1787.85 3 star hotels 5 100000 125 125 1.37 1163.63 Five star Hotels 1 25000 50 50 0.37 315.45 Aggregate 58 400000 670 1050 5.74 4910.85 Targeting 50% implementation 29 200000 335 525 2.87 2455 Investment (Lakh INR) 200.00 753.75 52.50 MNRE subsidy @Rs.1400.00 per sqm 56.00 335.00 26.25 Beneficiary/state/RMC contribution 144.00 418.75 26.25

4.3.2. Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants

Rajkot has a number of restaurants and eateries. The city has more than 80 restaurants and which are

categorised as large restaurant, medium restaurants / Dhabas and small restaurants. Solar water heaters can

easily be introduced in these restaurants to meet their hot water demand for cooking and utensil cleaning.

Since all the restaurants are using DG sets as standby power supply source during load shedding, PV power

plant will be an attractive and profitable option for the restaurants

49

(i) RE strategy for Restaurants

Restaurants have been separately taken up for case studies as innumerable such establishments are found

across India which are huge energy guzzlers. Approximately 58 small, medium and big restaurants are found in

Rajkot city, One medium size restaurant has been chosen as a case study site for RE system installation.

Table 48 : Case Study of Restaurant

Location of the Restaurant


Connected load 132 kW


Monthly LPG consumption for cooking 2700 kg

Organic waste generated 100-120 Kg/day

Standby Power Supply:

Diesel Generator 150 KVA

Average consumption of diesel per year 19200 Liters


Electrical Appliances Nos. Operati

ng

Hours

Load

(W)

Total

Load

(kW0

Energy

consumpt

ion /day

(kWh)

Use per

year

Energy

Consumpti

on per

year (kWh)

Ceiling Fans (9 months) 5 12 60 0.30 3.60 270.00 972

Air Conditioner for restaurant

(5 months)

4 10 2000 8.00 80.00 150.00 12000

Micro oven 5 6 1000 5.00 30.00 365.00 10950

Milk Chiller 1 8 740 0.74 5.92 365.00 2161

Deep Freezer 1 8 560 0.56 4.48 365.00 1635

Compact Fluorescent 123 12 20 2.46 29.52 365.00 10775

Air-conditioned for cold room 2 10 1500 3.00 30.00 365.00 10950

Television 3 8 100 0.30 2.40 365.00 876

Water pump 1 2 4 1500 3.00 12.00 365.00 4380

Water pump 2 1 4 1000 1.00 4.00 365.00 1460

Computers 12 24 100 1.20 28.80 365.00 10512

Printer 1 3 100 0.10 0.30 365.00 110

OTG 1 4 800 0.80 3.20 365.00 1168

26.46 67948

Based on the portfolio of energy consumption in the restaurant following renewable energy systems have been

recommended to save energy. The techno economics of installing the PV system is provided below.

50

Solar Water Heating system to replace LPG for preheating of water for cooking: 5000 LPD




Energy savings per day average 175 kWh

Savings of LPG per year

63875 kWh

4393.81 kg

Annual cost savings from saving LPG 175752 INR


Emission reductions 39 tonnes



Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup 6750000 INR

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75.00 per Wp 2250000 INR




Cost savings from diesel per year 504986 INR

Annual O&M Cost of DG sets 75000 INR



Biogas system

Organic Waste from kitchen and other services per day 100-120 kg

Biogas plant recommended 10 CuM

Investment 0.5 Lakh


User’s share 0.25 Lakh

LPG saved per year 1460 kg

Energy in terms of MU savings per year 0.02 MU

Cost savings per year 0.58 Lakh


Emission Reduction per year 0.89 Tonnes

51

(ii) Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants

Introduction of RE system in 50% of restaurants in Rajkot city as described in the table below will save 1.46 MU

of energy in five years and reduce GHG emission by 1236.22 tonnes. Introduction of solar water heater system

should be given prime importance followed by biogas system and solar PV system for diesel abatement.

Table 49 : Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants

Restaurants

Number

s

RE System Proposed

Energy

Savings

(MU)

Total

Emission

reduction

Tonnes/ year

SWH/S

C

system

LPD/

Nos.

PV

system

kWp

Biogas/

Biomas

s

system

(cum)

Large Restaurants 17 85000 85 170 1.13 968.83

Medium Restaurants/ Dhabas 38 114000 190.00 190 1.63 1388.71

Small Restaurants 10 10000 10.00 30 0.13 114.87

Food Cart 17 0 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02

Aggregate 82 209000 285 390 2.92 2472.43

Target for 5 years 50% 41 104500 143 195 1.46 1236.22

Total investment (Lakh INR) 104.5 321 19.50

MNRE subsidy (Lakh INR) @1400 per sq.

mtr.

29 143 9.75

Beneficiary’s contribution (Lakh INR) 75 178 9.75

* Replacing kerosene by using 2 lanterns in one cart

4.3.3. Renewable Energy Systems for Hospitals

The Rajkot city has around 128 small hospitals and nursing homes, 5 hospitals with 50-200 beds, and 1 with

more than 200 beds. Apart from that the city has other health care facilities like dispensaries, dental clinic,

microsurgery, day care centre and pathological laboratories.

To portray the energy consumption scenario in these facilities a 50 and 20 bed Hospitals have been chosen.

Detailed energy consumption data have been collected and specific recommendations for renewable energy

systems have been made. An average occupancy of 75% has been considered for making all calculations.

(i) Renewable Energy Systems for 50 bedded Hospital

A case study for a 50 bed hospital has been done to assess the potential for a rooftop PV system and solar

water heater in a 50 bed hospital. The general details and the energy consumption pattern of the hospital are

mentioned in the tables below.

Table 50 : Case Study of 50 bedded hospital

Location of the Hospital

No of beds 50 Nos.


Connected Load 150 KVA

52


Average electricity bills per month 100000 Lakh

Average occupancy 75%



Diesel Generator 2 (peak load) 125 KVA

Average consumption of diesel per day 54 Liters/ day


Electrical

Appliances

Nos

.

Oper

ating

Hour

s

Watt/

unit

Load

(kW)

Energy

consumptio

n /day at

100%

occupancy

(kWh)

Energy

consumption

/day at 75%

occupancy

(kWh)

Utilization

/year

Energy

Consump

tion per

year

Ceiling Fans 70 12 60 4.2 50.40 37.80 270 10206

Air Conditioner 20 10 1800 36 360.00 270.00 150 40500

Electric Geyser 30 4 1750 52.5 210.00 157.50 120 18900

Fluorescent tube 200 10 55 11 110.00 82.50 365 30113

Water pump 2 4 8820 17.64 70.56 70.56 365 25754

Computers 6 24 100 0.6 14.40 14.40 365 5256

Printer 2 3 100 0.2 0.60 0.60 365 219

Auto clave 2 2 5000 10 20.00 20.00 365 7300

132 836.00 653.00 138248

Based on the energy demand in this building the following renewable energy systems have been recommended

for the 100 bedded hospitals.

Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating of

water for cooking:

3000 LPD




Energy savings per day average 157.5 kWh

Electricity savings per year 57488 kWh

Annual cost savings from saving electricity 287437.5 Lakh



Rooftop PV system for diesel abatement 26 kWp


Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup 5850000 Lakh

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75 per Wp 1950000 Lakh




Cost savings from diesel per year 468000 Lakh

Annual O&M Cost of DG sets 75000 Lakh

53



(ii) Renewable Energy Systems for 20 bedded Hospital

One 20 bedded hospital has been chosen as the case study site in Rajkot. It is one of the primary medical

facilities in Rajkot. The energy baseline scenario of the Hospital reveals huge energy consumption on daily basis,

supplemented by a high capacity diesel generator back-up of 150 KVA. An average occupancy of 75% has been

taken to provide the calculations given below.

Table 51 : Case Study for 20 bed hospital

Location of the Hospital

No of beds 20 Nos.


Connected Load 80 kW


Average electricity bills per month 50,000 INR

Average occupancy 75%


Diesel Generator 1 50 KVA

Diesel Generator 2 100 KVA

Average consumption of diesel per day 44 Liters/ day


Electrical Appliances Nos. Operatin

g Hours

Watt/

unit

Load

(kW)

Energy

consumpti

on /day at

100%

occupancy

(kWh)

Energy

consumpti

on /day at

75%

occupancy

(kWh)

Utilizati

on

/year

Energy

Consumpt

ion per

year

Table Fans 10 10 60 0.60 6.00 4.50 365 1643

Ceiling Fans 50 18 60 3.00 54.00 40.50 365 14783

Air Conditioner 15 10 1800 27.00 270.00 202.50 365 73913

Television 25 7 100 2.50 17.50 13.13 365 4791

Refrigerator 5 10 250 1.25 12.50 9.38 365 3422

Autoclaves 2 6 8820 17.64 105.84 79.38 365 28974

Water Pump 2 6 1000 2.00 12.00 9.00 365 3285

Incandescent 60 watt 20 20 60 1.20 24.00 18.00 365 6570

Incandescent 100 watt 20 20 100 2.00 40.00 30.00 365 10950

Compact Fluorescent 40 20 11 0.44 8.80 6.60 365 2409

Fluorescent Tube, Long 20 20 40 0.80 16.00 12.00 365 4380

Computers 15 20 150 2.25 45.00 33.75 365 12319

Printers 4 4 100 0.40 1.60 1.20 365 438

Total 61.08 613.24 459.93 167874

54

Recommended Renewable Energy Systems

The energy consumption baseline assessment of the 20 bedded hospital in Rajkot, lead to the recommendation

of Solar water heater to address the daily hot water requirement and PV systems for diesel abatement.

Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating

of water for cooking:

2000 LPD


Indicative cost of the system 2,00,000 INR

MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m2 84,000 INR

Energy savings per day average 105 kWh

Electricity savings per year 31,500 kWh

Annual cost savings from saving electricity 1,57,500 INR



Rooftop PV system for diesel abatement 20 kWp


Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup 45,00,000 INR

MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75 per Wp 15,00,000 INR

Approximate annual energy generation 30,000 kWh


Amount of diesel saved per year 13,383 litres

Cost savings from diesel per year 5,35,333 INR

Annual O&M Cost of DG sets 20,000 INR



(iii) Summary of RE strategy for Hospitals

The analysis of the above two case studies of a 50 bedded hospital and a 20 bedded hospital in Rajkot has

revealed the huge energy consumption patterns in sector. Hospitals are a growing infrastructure need of any

developing city. Hence the source to future energy consumptions lies in the proper streamlining of energy

consumption patterns in these building sectors. Policy mandates and programmes for facilitating the

adoption/installation of renewable energy technology in this building type will be a milestone for future energy

savings. The payback period for solar water heater system for hospitals is about one year only due maximum

use of hot water in health care facility.

Table 52 : Summary of RE systems for Hospitals

Hospitals

Nos.

RE System

Proposed

Energy

Savings

(MU)

Total

Emission

reduction

Tonnes/

year

SWH/SC

system

LPD/

Nos.

PV

system

kWp Small Hospitala and nursing homes with less than 50

beds

128 256000 3200 7.82 6464.00

Hospitals with 50 - 200 beds 5 15000 125 0.36 302.50

Hospitals having more than 200 beds 1 5000 50 0.13 111.00

55

Aggregate 134 276000 3375 8.32 6877.50

Targeting 50% implementation 67 138000 1688 4.16 3438.75

Investment (Lakh INR) 138.0 3797

MNRE subsidy @Rs.1400.00 per sqm 39 1688

Beneficiary/state/RMC contribution 99 2109

4.3.4. Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes

Educational institutes are major establishments in the commercial sector of a city. Although they are not major

source of energy consumption in the city yet they account for a substantial degree of energy utilization.

Community solar cookers can be used to cook mid-day meal in these schools. The institutes having hostels can

use solar water heater to supply hot water to the bath rooms and the kitchen thereby providing bathing

comfort to the students and hot water for cooking.

(i) Use of Solar cookers for cooking mid-day meals in primary schools

Solar Cookers can have an apt utilization for cooking mid-day meals in primary schools. Assuming 50% of the

schools in Rajkot have a mid-day meal programme a target of 50% for the framework of 5 years has been

considered.

Table 53 : Target for Introducing Solar Cookers in Primary Schools

Unit

Total no of schools 301 Nos.

Schools providing mid day meal for students 25%

Target for introducing of solar cooker in 5 years 50%

Number of Solar Cooker to be installed in 5 years plan 38 Nos.

Average savings of LPG domestic cylinder per year (14kg) 10 Nos.

Total LPG saved per year 5268 kg



MNRE subsidy for solar cooker @30% 2.26 Lakh





(ii) Summary of RE strategy for Educational Institutes

The two renewable energy options can effectuate a considerable energy saving in educational institutes are the

solar water heaters and solar PV systems. The potential for energy savings in different educational institutes in

Rajkot is tabulated below. The figures give a gross idea about the financial implications and emission reductions

rendered by installation of the aforementioned renewable energy systems.

56

Table 54 : Summary of RE strategy for educational institutes

RE System Proposed

Educational Institutes Numbers SWH/SC

system

PV system Energy

Savings

(MU)

Total

Emission

reduction LPD/ Nos. kWp Tonnes/

year Primary Schools/ Nursery 301 38 1505 2.33 1908.98

Intermediate & High schools 139 0 695 1.04 847.90

Technical institutes 6 30000 60 0.44 373.20

Degree Colleges 74 37000 1110 2.10 1724.20

Medical College 1 5000 25 0.10 80.50

University 1 5000 50 0.13 111.00

Aggregate 522 77000 3445

Target 50% in 5 years 261 38500 1723

Investment (Lakh INR) 46 3876

(iv) Summary of RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector

The primary focus should be given to introduction of solar water heaters for hotels, restaurants, hospitals and

other residential institutes, which will save 13.12 MU per year. Solar PV power plant should be introduced for

diesel abatement in the establishment that is using diesel sets as standby power supply source. The restaurants

and hotels that has considerable amount of food and organic waste, should introduce biogas system. Use of

solar cooker for preparing mid-day meal in primary schools will be an attractive option to save LPG for cooking

and creation of awareness and demonstration about use of renewable energy devices among school children.

Table 55 : RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector

RE Strategy for

Commercial and

Institutional

sector

Potenti

al Users

(Nos.)

Target

Users

(Nos.)

Units

of

Target

Target

Capacity

Total

Investme

nt (Lakh)

MNRE

subsidy

(Lakh)

Sate/ RMC/

Beneficiary's

contribution

Amount

of

Energy

Saved

(MU)

Emission

s

Reducti

ons per

year

(Tonnes)

Solar Cooker for

mid-day meal in

schools

75 38 Nos. 38 7.53 2.2575 5.27 0.08 18.38

Solar Water

Heaters for

Hotels,

Restaurants,

Hospitals

796 398 LPD 481000 488.53 139.63 348.89 5.68 4810.00

Solar PV Power

Plant for Hotels,

Restaurants,

Hospitals.

796 398 kWp 3888 8746.90 3887.51 4859.39 5.83 4742.76

Biogas for Hotels

and Restaurants

140 70 CuM 720 72.00 36.00 36.00 1.53 64.08

9314.95 4065.40 5249.55 13.12 9635.22

4.3.5. RE Strategy for Industrial Sector

The industry sector in Rajkot consumes 42% of total electricity and considerable amount of coal, diesel and LPG

for its different manufacturing and process industries. There are around 6 industrial estates in Rajkot City of

which Aji Industrial estate is of prime importance. Base year data of 2008 reveals approximately 20,000

57

industrial units in the city. Rajkot is fast emerging and a major industrial hub because of which Rajkot municipal

corporation plays a major role in collaborating sustainable development activities with the industries.

Table 56 : RE Strategy for Industrial Sector

RE System Proposed

Numbers SWH system PV system

Energy Savings (MU)

Total Emission reduction

LPD/ Nos. kWp Tonnes/ year

Base Metals Products thereof and machinery equipment and parts thereof excl Transport equipment 4396 0 21980 32.97 0.26 Chemical and allied products 2323 1161500 11615 31.14 0.14 Ores, Minerals, Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, Gas and electricity 2642 0 13210 19.82 0.16 Other Manufactured articles and Services n.c.c. 245 0 1225 1.84 0.01 Railways, Airways, Ships and Road surface Transport and relate equipments and parts 1171 0 5855 8.78 0.07 Rubber, Plastic, Leather & Products thereof 1926 0 9630 14.45 0.11 Textiles and textile articles 1944 486000 9720 20.32 0.11 Vegetable, Horticulture, Forestry Products, Beverages, Tobacco and Pan Masala and Non – editable Water/Spirit & Alcohol chiefly used in industry 937 234250 4685 9.79 0.06 Wood, Cork, THERMOCO & Paper and Articles thereof 2795 698750 13975 29.22 0.17 Others 1445 0 7225 10.84 0.09 Aggregate 19824 2580500 99120 179.16 146731 Targeting 25% implementation 4956 645125 24780 272.56 146732 Investment (Lakh INR) 645.13 55755.00 MNRE subsidy @Rs.1400.00 per sqm 180.64 24780.00 Beneficiary/state/RMC contribution 464.49 30975.00

4.3.6. RE Strategy for Municipal Sector

The municipal sector of Rajkot city consumes 7 % of total electrical energy in the city. The primary consumers in

this sector are street lights, outdoor lights in parks and monuments, markets, office buildings of the Municipal

Corporation, water supply, sewerage treatment plant etc. Renewable energy devices are suggested to all

categories of consumers depending upon the energy demand. The sector has ample opportunity to save energy

through introducing renewable energy and energy conservation measures and could show case these initiatives

to encourage people to adopt further.

(i) Renewable Energy System for Municipality building and other Office Buildings

The East Zone office building of the municipal corporation consumes about 0.10 MU of electricity per year. The

loads consume most of the energy are air conditioners, fans and lighting loads. A 10 kWp PV Power plant is

recommended for the building to supply power during load shedding hours.

58

Table 57 : RE Strategy for RMC Municipal Sector

Total premise area 23400 m2

Built up area 3375 m2

Total Load 30 KW

Monthly Electricity Bill 40,000 INR

Average Load Shedding 3 hours/day

Total No.s Load (W) Total Load (kW)

Hours of Operation

Consumption / Day (kWh)

Annual Utilisation (days)

Annual Consumption (kWh)

Table fans 20 60 1.20 9 11 300 3240

Ceiling Fans 20 60 1.20 9 11 300 3240

Exhaust fans 10 300 3.00 9 27 300 8100

Wall Fans 10 100 1.00 9 9 300 2700 Air Conditioner I 10 1800 18.00 6 108 300 32400

Television 2 100 0.20 4 1 300 240

Refrigerator 2 200 0.40 1 0 300 120

Incandescent 30 60 1.80 4 7 300 2160

CFLs 30 11 0.33 5 2 300 495 Fluorescent Long 25 55 1.38 8 11 300 3300

36 watt CFLs 20 36 0.72 4 3 300 864

Computers 20 100 2.00 10 20 300 6000

TOTAL 31.23 190 62859

Recommended Renewable Energy System:


Approximate area required 10 sqm Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup 2250000 INR

MNRE subsidy for diesel abetment @75.00/Wp 750000 INR


Cost Savings from electricity (INR) 75000 INR

Payback Period 20 years


(ii) Renewable Energy System for Markets

Rajkot city has approximately 21 markets in and around the city. There are 3 big shopping malls in the city.

These kinds of shopping complexes can be chosen in the city for installation of RE technologies like Solar PV and

can be replicated in other establishments as well.

Table 58 : RE Systems for Shopping Complexes

Unit

59

Capacity of solar PV system for Shops 500 Wp Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Shop's inverter 60000 INR

Total no of shops in markets 44232 Nos.

Shops uses Inverter during load shedding 7% Target to introduce solar charger for inverter in 5 years 50% Number of solar inverter to be installed in 5 years plan 1548 Nos.

Total PV capacity to be installed 774 kWp

Energy genereted by PV arrays per year 1.16 MU




User's share 464.44 Lakh



(iii) RE System for Outdoors lighting (Streets, Traffic, Road Safety etc.)

The city has more than 39, 191 outdoor lights, which have been fixed for illumination streets, wards, etc. The

objective is to introduce one solar PV outdoor light in every three conventional lights so that minimum

illumination level is maintained during load shedding hours. The tables below indicate targets, investment

thereon and energy savings potential etc.

Table 59 : RE Systems for Outdoor lights, Road safety

Street Light Details Existing SL (Nos.)

Solar SL (Nos.)

West Zone 16095 5365

Central Zone 12899 4300

East Zone 10197 3399

Total 39191 13064

Targeting 50% in 5 years 6532

PV module capacity (Wp) 40

Total PV Module capacity (kWp) 261

Total Investment (Lakh INR) 980

MNRE subsidy @50% (Lakh INR) 490

ANN/ State/ Beneficiary share (Lakh INR) 490

Energy Generated (MU per year) 0.39

Emission reduction (Tonnes per year) 317

Payback period (Years) 25

Table 60 : Summary of RE Strategy for outdoor light and road safety

RE Strategy for Rajkot City Street and Road Safety

Total

Potential

(Nos.)

Target

(Nos.)

Investment

(Lakh)

LED based solar Street Light in every 3 alternative existing

street light to maintain minimum level of illumination during

load shedding

13064 6532 980

Solar PV Traffic Lights (2x74Wp) @ 32 16 8.00

Solar Blinkers (37Wp) @ 120 60 9.00

Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for 50% of 44.75 km main road 11185 5593 67.11

Total Investment required (Lakh INR) 1063.89

MNRE subsidy @50% (Lakh INR) 531.94

60

RMC/State’s share(Lakh INR) 531.94

Energy saved (MU per year) 0.42

Emission reduction (Tonnes per year) 343.41

(i) Renewable Energy Systems for Parks

Rajkot City has apprx. 75 ‘Municipal Parks’ where electrical energy is consumed for outdoor lighting and water

pumping for sprinkling irrigation. Solar PV outdoor lights and solar pumps are recommended for these parks.

Table 61 : Renewable Energy Systems for Parks

Table 62 : Summary of RE Strategy for Rajkot Corporation Parks

Total Number of Parks in Rajkot 75 Nos.

Targeting 50% in 5 years 38 Nos.

Total PV system capacity per park 3.18 kWp

Total investment 248.91 Lakh

MNRE Subsidy @50% 124.45 Lakh

RMC/ state/ Park Operator 124.45 Lakh

Energy saved per year 0.18 MU

Emission reduction per year 145.03 Tonnes

Cost of electricity saved per year 8.95 Lakh


(ii) Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector

The Municipal sector can contribute 65.14 MU energy savings per year through introducing RE devices in the

different municipal utilities and services reducing GHG emission by 52769 tonnes per year.

No. of

units

Unit load (W) Total

Load

(kW)

Hours of

operation

Energy

Demand per

day (kWh) Flood light 9 250 2.25 10 22.5

CFL outdoor light 50 20 1.00 10 10

Water Pump 1 1000 1.00 10 10

Total 59 1270 4.25 30 42.5

RE Options:

Options Nos. Capacity Unit Investment

(Lakh)

Converting 50% of conventional outdoor

light into solar light to provide basic

minimum illumination during load shedding

30 74 Wp 6.64

Providing solar pump for sprinklers 1 1 kWp 1.75

61

Table 63 : Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector in Rajkot

RE Strategy for Municipal Sector Units

of

Target

Target

Capacity

Total

Investme

nt (Lakh)

MNRE

subsidy

(Lakh)

Sate/ RMC/

User's

Share

(Lakh)

Amount

of

Energy

Saved

(MU)

Emissions

Reductions

per year

(Tonnes)

PV Power Plant for Municipal and

other Office Buildings

Nos. 30 333.00 72 261.00 0.22 46

LED based Solar Street Light Nos. 6532 979.78 489.89 489.89 0.39 317

Solar PV Traffic Lights Nos. 16 8.00 4.00 4.00 0.00 3

Solar Blinkers (37Wp) Nos. 60 9.00 4.50 4.50 0.00 3

Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for

50% of 30 km main road

Nos. 5593 67.11 33.56 33.56 0.03 20

Outdoor lights for Parks Nos. 1106.25 248.91 124.45 124.45 0.12 100

Solar Pumps for Parks Nos. 37.5 65.63 32.81 32.81 0.06 46

PV system for Inverters in the

market shops

Nos. 1548 928.87 464.44 464.44 1.16 940

Waste to Energy Potential for

thermo-chemical conversion MWe 2.62 1831 785 1047 16.04 12995

Waste to Energy Potential for bio-

methanation MWe 3.14 1884 628 1256 19.25 15594

Liquid Waste to Energy Potential

from Sewage Treatment Plant

(STP)

MWe 1.55 931 310 621 9.52 7710

Total 7286.80 2948.90 4337.90 46.80 37774.21

4.3.7. Waste to Energy Potential in Rajkot

Discussion with MSW department in the RMC, reveals the waste characterization for Municipal Solid waste in

Rajkot to be as indicated in below mentioned table. Based on 2008 figures, the total waste quantity at

dumpsites and at the dustbins aggregated to 300 MT/day. The total waste generated can be classified as

biodegradable and non - biodegradable.

Table 64 : Municipal Solid Waste Characterization

S. No. Type of Waste Daily Generation

Tons / day %

1 Domestic Waste 250.74 83.58

2 Trade / Institutional Waste 10.52 3.5

3 Construction Waste / Industrial Waste 18.27 6.09

4 Market Waste 19.72 6.58

62

5 Slaughter house waste 0.75 0.25

Total 300 100

A rough assessment of the potential of recovery of energy from MSW through different treatment methods can

be made from knowledge of its calorific value and organic fraction, as under. Since relevant details are not

available for Rajkot, widely used estimates for municipal solid waste in India have been used.

(i) Waste to Energy Potential through thermo-chemical conversion

In thermo-chemical conversion all of the organic matter, biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable,

contributes to the energy output. Total electrical energy generation potential is estimated to be 2.62 MWe and

savings per year with 70% PLF is estimated as 16.04 MU.

Table 65 : Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion

Unit

Total waste generated 300 Tonnes

Net Calorific Value (conservative estimate) 2400 kcal/kg

Energy recovery potential ( NCV x W x 1000/860) 251163 kWh

Power generation potential 10465 kW

Conversion efficiency 25%

Net Power generation potential 2.62 MWe

Plant Load Factor 70%

Net electrical energy savings potential @70% PLF 16.04 MU


Total Investment 1831 Lakh

MNRE subsidy @ 50% subject to maximum of Rs.300.00 per MW 785 Lakh

State/City/Private Power Producer 1047 Lakh

Cost savings 722 Lakh


(ii) Waste to Energy Potential through bio-methanation

In bio-chemical conversion, only the biodegradable fraction of the organic matter can contribute to the energy

output. It is estimated that a 3.14 MWe electrical energy generation is possible from this process which could

save about 19.25 MU of energy every year assuming a 70% of PLF.

Table 66 : Waste to Energy through bio-methanation

Unit

Total waste generated 300 Tonnes

Total biodegradable volatile solid (VS) 30%

63

Typical digester efficiency 60%

Typical bio-gas yield (m3 / kg. of VS destroyed) 0.80 CuM/kg

Biogas yield 43200 CuM

calorific Value of bio-gas 5000.00 kcal/CuM

Energy recovery potential 0.25 MU

Power generation potential 10465 kW

Conversion efficiency 30%

Net Power generation potential 3.14 MWe

Plant Load Factor 70%

Net electrical energy savings potential 19.25 MU


Total Investment 1884 Lakh

MNRE subsidy @ R.200.00 lakh per MW 628 Lakh

State/City/Private Power Producer 1256 Lakh

Cost savings 866 Lakh


(iii) Liquid Waste to Energy Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Rajkot City has two sewage treatment plants through which approximately 44.5 MLD of wastewater being

treated every day. Energy consumption in these sewage treatment plants is about 6.79 MU per year (2007-08).

The produce of waste water treatment can be used as a raw material for anaerobic distention and subsequent

power generation. A very preliminary assessment shows that there is potential of generating 1.55 MWe power

which could deliver 9.52 MU of electrical energy per year with 70% PLF.

Table 67 : Waste to Energy from Sewage Treatment Plant

Unit Total waste water generated 44.5 MLD Total biodegradable organic/ Volatile Solid available for Biomethanation 44.5 Tonnes/day Typical Digestion Efficiency 60% Typical Biogas yield 0.8 cum / kg Biogas yield 21360 cum Electricity (kWh) 124186.05 kWh Capacity of the plant 5174.42 KW Conversion Efficiency 30% Total Electricity Generated 1.55 MWe Plant Load Factor 70% Net electrical energy savings potential 9.52 MU Emission reduction per year 7710 Tonnes Total Investment 931.40 Lakh MNRE subsidy @40% subject to maximum of Rs.200.00 lakh per MW 310.47 Lakh State/City/Private Power Producer 620.93 Lakh Cost savings 428.35 Lakh Payback period 1.45 Years

64

(iv) Summary of Waste to Energy Potential in Rajkot City

Total solid waste generated in Rajkot is 600MT/day and capacity of two waste treatment plants is 30 MLD. A

very preliminary assessment for energy recovery from MSW and STPs has been done based on the widely used

assumptions and presented in the table below.

Table 68 : Summary of waste to energy potential in Rajkot City

RE Strategy for Municipal

Sector

Units

of

Target

Targ

et

Capa

city

Total

Investm

ent

(Lakh)

MNRE

subsidy

(Lakh)

Sate/

RMC/

User's

Share

(Lakh)

Amount of

Energy

Saved

(MU)

Emissions

Reductions

per year

(Tonnes)

Waste to Energy Potential

for thermo-chemical

conversion

MWe 2.62 1831 785 1047 16.04 12995

Waste to Energy Potential

for bio-methanation

MWe 3.14 1884 628 1256 19.25 15594

Liquid Waste to Energy

Potential from Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP)

MWe 1.55 931 310 621 9.52 7710

Total 7.31 4647 1723 2923 44.81 36299

4.3.8. Research and Development Focus for Renewable Energy Technologies

As substantial strides towards urban sustainability continue to be made through the Solar Cities program in

India, socially inclusive and economically feasible developments demand intelligible investments in R&D

towards innovative renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. From the Indian perspective,

technologies that are cost effective, low on maintenance and socio-economically suitable to the market

environment provide a higher possibility of imparting sustainable advantage overtime. Different technologies

have earned different R&D focus as shown in the table below:

Technology Current R&D focus Future R&D focus

Solar PV1

Improvement in theoretical efficiency and performance of PV cells

Improvement in cost-effectiveness through innovative material research like thin-film through resolution of manufacturing and material issues

Solar thermal technology development for industrial process heat

Improved solar insolation

Improvement in technical ability of PV systems for large-scale and financially feasible installations in developing markets

Cost reduction, performance improvement and integrated solutions

Focus on user acceptance and innovative, cheap and non-toxic material development

Collaborative research towards

1 http://www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/ispre-photovoltaic-wind/ISPRE_Photovoltaic_and_Wind.pdf

65

measurement systems realignment and re-ideation of RE technologies for locally appropriate applications

Wind2

Cost reduction through material research

Social acceptance and environmental externalities

Energy storage and improvements in reliability and protection

Design iterations for performance improvement

Practical hybrid systems which are cost effective

Large wind turbine designs including off-shore technologies

Remote location wind energy system designs

Wind energy systems for high penetration operations

Bio-related3

Cost reduction in Biofuels production

Development of environmentally safe synthetic Biofuels

Conversion of new types of feedstock into novel bio-fuels and bio-materials

Formulation of industrial scale producible (i.e. cost-effective) Biofuels

Development of new knowledge partnerships in Biofuels research

Interlinking food and energy supply with Biofuels research to aid spillover effects

Integration of oil industry with agribusinesses towards change in global fuel production trends.

2 http://www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/ispre-photovoltaic-wind/ISPRE_Photovoltaic_and_Wind.pdf

3 http://ecnr.berkeley.edu/vfs/PPs/Sexton-Ste/web/renewable_tech.pdf

66

CHAPTER 5

This chapter delves into Energy Efficiency strategy for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal

sector of Rajkot city. The chapter later develops the strategies for Rajkot city based on the Energy

conservation and Energy Efficiency measures in the city and the baseline energy consumption and future

energy demands of the city.

5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR RAJKOT

While renewable energy technologies would provide clean energy, EE and DSM measures would help in

reducing the energy demand. Energy Efficiency (EE) initiatives are the most financially feasible energy saving

options in India today. In this report the EE measures have been thoroughly analyzed for all the four sectors, i.e.

residential, commercial, industrial as well as municipal. The financial and technical analysis is provided for each

strategy suggested in all the sectors. The list of EE and DSM measures suggested for different sectors is given

below:

Residential Sector:

Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent

T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast

Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans

Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs

Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators

Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps

Reduce energy consumption in existing private buildings

Reduce energy consumption in all new construction

Commercial and institutional building Sector:





Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators

Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps

Industrial Sector:




67


Energy efficiency in motors, furnaces, boilers, etc.

Municipal Sector:

Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with LEDs

Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights

Sensors for automatic on/off of street lights

Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads

Installation of variable speed drivers

Power saver installation in pump house

Plugging of leakages in the water supply system and use of efficient pumps and motors

Energy Efficiency Measures in WTP

A sector-wise techno-economic analysis of potential energy efficiency and DSM measures has been carried out.

5.1. EE Strategy for Residential sector

Residential sector consumes largest amount of energy. Important proven and cost effective measures for the

sector are described in this section. Based on the survey, it was found that incandescent lights are still used a

lot in the residential sector. Utilizing the survey data the savings due to replacement of incandescent lamps

with CFL are calculated and are presented in the table below.

(i) Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent

Incandescent bulbs are the major and the most common source of high energy consumption in the residential

area. Replacement of incandescent lamps has acquired a substantial precedence in all the energy efficiency

strategies as the most feasible option. The techno commercial for replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFL is

given below. An assumption of 50% households utilizing CFLs has been considered as target group for

replacements and an 50% replacement is assumed for the calculations below.

Table 69 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent

Unit


Household using incandescent bulb 31%

Target to replace incandescent bulb with CFL 50%

Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per household 2 Nos.

Total number of incandescent bulb to be replaced 84678 Nos.

Indicative cost of installation 127 Lakh

Energy saved by replacing 60W bulb with 15W CFL 8344991 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 334 Lakh



68

(ii) T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast

A conventional tube light (with magnetic ballast consuming 15W) consumes around 55 watts. It can be replaced

with T5 tube (28W) with electronic ballast (4W) which will require around 32W. The calculations have been

done for a period of 5 years assuming 50 % replacement of T 12 /T8 tube lights can be possible in 87% of the

households using T12/T8 tube lights.

Table 70 : T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast

Unit


Household using T8/T12 tube lights 87%

Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights 50%

Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per household 3 Nos.

Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced 356466 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5 (with electronic ballast) 11970127 kWh




(iii) Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans

Replacing conventional fans with star rated fans can save substantial amount of electrical energy and money. The

financial and technical analysis for replacement of conventional ceiling fans in residential sector of Rajkot city

assumes that 50% replacement should be possible in almost 97% of the households.

Table 71 : Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans

Unit


Household using Conventional Fans 97%

Target to replace CF by EE Fans 50%

Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per household 6 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Fans to be replaced 794878 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing Conventional Fans by EE Fans 25754052 kWh




69

(iv) Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs

Survey results in Rajkot reveal that approximately 17% of residential households had 1.5 ton air conditioners on

average. The energy consumption by a 1.5 ton unit is approximately 7.2 kWh per day. For calculating the

energy savings by switching to more energy efficient air conditioners it is assumed that 17% households in

Rajkot owns an air –conditioner and 10% air conditioners can be assumed as potential target for replacement

with energy efficient ACs.

Table 72 : Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs

Unit


Household using Conventional AC 17%

Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated AC 10%

Number of Conventional ACs to be replaced per household 1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional ACs to be replaced 4644 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs 1588117 kWh




(v) Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators

One of the most common appliance used in homes are the refrigerators. With increasing affordability

refrigerators have become an indispensable item in most Indian households. They come in the capacity range of

200-400 litres. These days many BEE star rated energy efficient refrigerators are available in the Indian market.

A conventional refrigerator of 200 watts has been taken to provide the calculations below. An assumption of 10

% households with conventional refrigerators is taken to show the energy savings.

Table 73 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators

Unit


Household using Conventional Refrigerators 74%

Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star one 10%

Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per household 1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced 20317 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by Star Rated 9630350 kWh




70

(vi) Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps

Survey in Rajkot has shown that residential households use water pumps of approximately 1.5 HP capacity

which has an approximate electrical consumption of 2.2 kWh. Assuming 16% households in Rajkot use water

pumps, 10% replacement of conventional pumps by energy efficient pumps have been targeted for energy

savings.

Table 74 : Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps

Unit


Household using Water Pumps 16%

Target to replace Conventional Water Pump by EE Pump 10%

Number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced per household 1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced 6264 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing Conventional Water Pumps by EE Water

Pumps 685904 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 27.44 Lakh



(vii) Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector

The estimated potential of energy savings in the residential sector through energy efficiency measures is 58 MU

in five years which is alone can meet 20 % of the target of 290 MU energy of Rajkot City. The reduction of

emission through EE measures in residential sector is 46959 tonnes in five years. Replacement of incandescent

bulbs with CFL, conventional fans, refrigerators and air conditioners with star rated one is the most potential

scope for energy savings.

Table 75 : Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector

EE Measures in residential sector Unit Target

Capacity

Investm

ent

(Lakh)

Amount

of

Energy

Saved

(MU)

Emissions

Reduction

s (Tonnes)

Indicative cost of replacing 60 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL Nos. 84678 127 8 6759

Indicative cost of replacing T12/T8 with T5 FTL Nos. 356466 1782 12 9696

71

Indicative cost of replacing conventional Fans with EE star rated

fans

Nos. 794878 11923 26 20861

Indicative cost of replacing conventional AC with EE star rated AC Nos. 4644 697 2 1286

Indicative cost of replacing conventional refrigerator with EE star

rated refrigerator

Nos. 20317 1219 10 7801

Indicative cost of installing a EE water pump Nos. 6264 63 1 556

15811 58 46959

5.2. EE Strategy for Commercial Sector

The commercial sector comprises primarily of offices, shopping malls, markets, hotels and restaurants and

comprises of a mix of air conditioned and non air-conditioned buildings. The prime load centers in the sector

are air-conditioning, lighting and pumps/equipment. The major share of electricity consumption is attributed to

by air-conditioning in a full conditioned building followed by lighting, whereas the prime energy consumption in

a non-air conditioned building is lighting followed by space conditioning (coolers, fans, etc.).

The energy conservation and efficiency measures targeted for commercial sector thus should be aimed at

enhancing efficiency levels and deploying conservation options for lighting and air conditioning. Thus efficiency

and conservation have to be addressed in existing and new buildings to affect overall demand and consumption

reduction.

While retrofit options in existing buildings are restricted to system upgrades (e.g. upgrade to efficient chillers, air

handling units, pumps in HVAC system or upgrade to efficient lighting systems), new buildings offer ample

opportunities for walls & roof, efficient glazing, energy efficient lighting & HVAC system and renewable energy

integration for water heating or power generation)

Energy efficiency in the commercial sector is also hugely dependent on replacement of conventional equipment

with more energy efficient appliances. All kinds of building sectors are available in Rajkot ranging from hotels,

hospitals, shops, malls, hostels, educational institutes and restaurants. The strategies here target all these

building types in Rajkot.

(i) Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent

CFL usage has been widespread in the last few years and it is high time that all commercial establishments

should voluntarily replace the high energy consuming incandescent lamps with CFLs. From survey results we

have assumed that 9% of the commercial sector establishments use incandescent bulbs and 100% of

establishment use T8/T12 tube lights. A target to replace 100% of the incandescent bulbs in this household is

assumed to give the calculations below.

Table 76 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent

Unit

Total Commercial Consumers 87969 Nos.

Consumers using incandescent bulb 9%

72


Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per consumer 5 Nos.







(ii) Replacement of T12/T8 light by T5 tube light:

The sample survey of commercial sector revealed that 73% of the consumers are using T12 / T8 tube

light. We have targeted 100% of the consumers using those inefficient lights to be replaced by T5 tube

light with magnetic ballast. Below mention table gives the detailed analysis for the same.

Table 77 : Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light

Unit


Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights 73%





Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(magnetic ballast) with T5 (electronic ballast) 10634396 kWh




(iii) Replacement of inefficient fans

Analysis of the sample survey of Rajkot city reveals that maximum commercial establishments in Rajkot city have

fans. Conventional fans have an average energy consumption of 1.03kWh per day. Assuming 50% of the

conventional fans in the commercial sector of Rajkot can be replaced with more energy efficient fans the

following techno-commercials have been calculated.

73

Table 78 : Replacement of Conventional Fans

Unit


Consumers using Conventional Fans 99%


Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer 5 Nos.







(iv) Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs

Commercial establishments are usually equipped with air conditioners. Survey in Rajkot city reveals that 1.5 tons

air conditioners are more popular in the commercial buildings. Assuming that 47% of the commercial

establishments own an air conditioner, 50% target replacement of inefficient air-conditioners with more efficient

conditioners are taken into consideration for the below mentioned calculations.

Table 79 : Replacement of Conventional Air-Conditioners with EE Star Rated ACs

Unit


Consumers using Conventional ACs 47%

Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs 50%




Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated

ACs

14140137 kWh




(v) Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators

Refrigerators in commercial sector are restricted to the food outlets, restaurants, hotels, guest houses, and ice-

cream parlors. General trend reveals that the refrigerators of the range of 200-400 W are found in the

commercial sector of Rajkot City. Approximately 21% of the consumers own a refrigerator and a target of

replacing 50% refrigerators has been taken to show the energy saving potential of replacing conventional

refrigerators in commercial sector of Rajkot city.

74

Table 80 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators

Unit


Consumers using Conventional Refrigerators 21%

Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated

Refrigerators 50%

Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per consumer 1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced 9237 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated

one 4378217 kWh




(vi) Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Institutional Sector

The estimated energy savings potential from commercial and institutional sector through energy efficiency

measures is 49MU per year, which is 16.22% of total target to achieve. Potential for GHG reduction is 39514

tonnes per year.

Table 81 : Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Institutional Sector

EE Measures Units Targets Investment

(Lacs INR)

Electricity

Saved

(MU)

Emissions

Saved

(Tonnes)

Indicative cost of replacing 100 watt incandescent with 15

watt CFL

Nos. 39586 59 3 2597

Indicative cost of replacing T8/T12 tube lights with T5 FTL Nos. 385304 1927 11 8614

Indicative cost of replacing conventional fans with EE fans Nos. 216778 3252 3 2458

Indicative cost of replacing conventional AC with EE star rated

AC

Nos. 41345 6202 14 11454

Indicative cost of replacing conventional refrigerators with EE

star rated refrigerators

9237 623 4 3546

Total 12063

35 28669

75

5.3. EE Strategy for Industrial Sector

Rajkot has around 20,000 industrial units under various industrial estates (approximate 6) in the city. Rajkot is

predominantly industrial and hence RMC has a pivotal role in collaborating sustainable activities with the

industrial sector. They are also contributing a lot towards the huge energy consumption in Rajkot city. Energy

efficiency measures are the most financially feasible option in this sector too.

(i) Replacement of incandescent with CFLs

Industrial sector survey in Rajkot city reveals that very few of them use incandescent bulbs as lighting

appliances. A 100 % target of replacing incandescent bulbs with CFLs is taken to provide the energy savings

calculations below.

Table 82 : Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector

Unit

Total Industrial Consumers 19824 Nos.

Consumers using incandescent bulb 8%






Cost of electricity savings 257 lakh



(ii) Replacement of T8/T12 by T5 tube lights

The T12 and T8 tube lights are also frequently used in the industrial sector in Rajkot city. Survey results show

that almost 86% consumers use these appliances. The energy saving potential by replacement of T12 and T8

with more efficient T5 tube lights is calculated below assuming a replacement of 100% appliances in target

households. The financial and technical details of the replacement in Rajkot city industrial units are given

below.

Table 83 : Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights

Unit


Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights 86%





Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5

(with electronic ballast)

6011180 kWh


76



(iii) Replacement of Conventional Fans by EE Star Rated Fans

Conventional fans are other energy guzzlers in industrial units of Rajkot city. They are used for longer hours in

this sector hence the replacement of conventional energy efficient fans with more efficient ones would bring

about a lot of energy savings. 100% of industrial units have installed a conventional fan which can be targeted

for replacement. Assuming a replacement of all the conventional fans with energy efficient fans the economics

and technical details of replacement are tabulated below.

Table 84 : Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans

Unit


Consumers using Conventional Fans 100%


Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer 15 Nos.







(iv) Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs

Almost 19 % of the surveyed industrial units in Rajkot City had the ownership of air conditioning units in their

office premises. Assuming the replacement of all the conventional air-conditioning units with star rated air

conditioning units the figures related to installments and energy savings are given below.

Table 85 : Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs

Unit


Consumers using Conventional ACs 19%

Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs 100%




Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs 5197943 kWh




77

(v) Industrial application of energy efficiency

Rajkot has substantial number of textile based manufacturing units. The data collection and survey results

reveal that approximately 10% of the industrial units are textile based manufacturing units. Application of

renewable energy and energy efficiency would greatly suffice the energy needs of these industrial units. Some

selected units were identified and survey was conducted to assess the basic energy needs for various processes

in the textile industry. The main sources of energy in the Industrial sector are electricity, diesel and petrol and

with demand for these expected to rise, especially for diesel; the energy conservation measures in the

industrial sector can prove to be beneficial from an economic and environmental point of view. Hence, we have

identified strategies that can be easily adopted by energy intensive industries in Rajkot as a means of abating

their energy demand by conserving energy in their manufacturing and other processes is proposed.

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is considered as one of the most feasible interventions that can be introduced as

an energy efficiency initiative. WHR systems render an ease of energy reuse from processes which generate it

by re-routed it into another process obviating wasteful release into the ambience causing possible

environmental degradation and also saving costs in the process. Some possible systems that can be used

through intervening mechanisms after proper feasibility studies are listed hereunder alongside their

corresponding expected benefits.

Waste Heat Recovery – Pressurized Hot Water Generator D. G. Sets 750 KVA 2 Nos.

Exhaust Temperature 450o C

Heat Recovery 470000 Kcal/hr.

Working Hrs. / Day 8 Hrs.

Annual Savings INR 44 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Steam Boiler D. G. Sets 750 KVA 2 Nos.

Exhaust Temperature 500o C

Heat Recovery 380000 Kcal/hr.


Waste Heat Recovery – Air Preheater on Thermo Pack Capacity 20 Lakh Kcal/hr.

FO. Firing Rate 180 Kg/hr

Exhaust Temperatures 250 o C

Heat Recovery 65000 Kcal/hr


Waste Heat Recovery – Steam Boiler on Furnace Exhaust Equipment Decarb Furnace

Exhaust Temperatures 280o C



78

Waste Heat Recovery – Air Preheater on Steam Boiler Capacity 500 kg/hr at 40 kg / cm2



Annual Savings INR 7.5 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Hot Water Generator Equipment Hot Treatment Furnace


HSD Firing Rate 40 kg / hr

Heat Recovery 100000 Kcal / hr.

Annual Savings INR 16 Lakhs Source: http://www.energyconservation.co.in/waste-heat-recovery-systems-on-furnace-case-studies.html

Thermal Energy Conservation strategies

Measures Description Expected impact

General Exercise regular energy audits

Pre-heat oil for proper combustion. Make sure that there are no leaks and filter oil

Use low pressure burners

Plugging of leaks saves almost 2000 liters of oil per year

Proper combustion of oil improves combustion efficiency

Low pressure burners save 15% of oil in furnaces

Furnace Control excess air in the furnace

Undertake proper design of lids and insulation of the furnace

Avoid escape of heat through openings or holes in the furnace body

Excess air control in the furnace helps reduce fuel consumption that amounts to a saving of Rs. 3 Lakh/year

Heat loss reduction through insulation improves fuel efficiency

Plugging of furnace holes and gaps results in 10%-15% reduction in losses respectively

Boiler Removal of soot deposits

Recover heat from steam condensate

Administer proper boiler control

Use treated water in boilers

Avoid escape of steam/heat

Soot deposits removal can avoid 2.5% increase in fuel consumption that occurs without such removal

Heat from steam condensate helps save 1% of fuel per 6°C rise in boiler temperature

Treated water forms less or no scales on the boiler interior which usually causes reduction of 5%-8% in fuel consumption

Steam loss causes huge losses annually which can be avoided by plugging holes in the boiler system

DG sets Regularly service injection pump, nozzle, filters

Monitor fuel consumption per kWh of electricity

Faulty injection pump, nozzle and blocked filters can cause reduction is fuel usage efficiency by 2gm/kWh and can be saved by regular checks

http://www.energyconservation.co.in/waste-heat-recovery-systems-on-furnace-case-studies.html

79

Measures Description Expected impact

A rising trend of fuel consumption against per kWh of electricity indicates poor system performance which needs above mentioned system checks

Compressed air This is a highly energy intensive process and should only be sued for justifiable processes

Ensure low inlet air temperature and low discharge pressure

Ensure no leaks in the pipe system leading to or from the compressor

Monitor compressor output against per kWh of electricity

Avoid use of compressed air for cleaning

Control of inlet air temperature and discharge pressure saved fuel by up to 1% and 5% respectively.

Leaks in pipes causes pressure loss and hence system inefficiency

System inefficiency tends to fail overtime and monitoring helps take corrective action

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

External measures like air curtains, automatic door closures, double glazed windows, polyester sun films etc.

Maintain condensers for proper hear exchange

Proper utilization of air conditioned/refrigerated space

Use of waste heat from steam and flue gasses to replace gas compression system by absorption chilling system

Monitor specific power consumption of compressors

External measures reduce air conditioning/refrigeration load of buildings

Evaporated temperature heat loss causes rise of specific power consumption in condensers by 15%

Regulation in cooling load within the cooling space improves efficiency of refrigeration

Use of continuous duty compressor during active duty and use of others on standby improves life and reduced energy consumption

Pumps Select pump based on expected water flow

Preferably use variable valves

Avoid belt lag that connect the pump and its drives

Use synthetic flat belts instead of conventional V belts

Pumps operate at 85% efficiency at rated flow and 65% at half that flow

Connector belt lag causes 10%-15% loss in transmission efficiency

Synthetic belts improve 5%-10% of energy

Source: http://www.energyconservation.co.in/energy-conservation-tips.html

Measures like the ones tabulated above help regulate energy use and reuse eventually providing energy

conservation especially in energy intensive activities and processes. While the above mentioned measures can

be generally applied to any industry type, more specific measure can be developed after specific study of

industry processes and equipment usage.

80

(vi) Summary of EE Strategy in Industrial Sector

Energy Efficiency measures with mere replacement of incandescent bulbs, inefficient fans, ac and refrigerators

in industrial sector of Rajkot city can save at least 21.96 MU energy per year reducing GHG emission by 17789

tonnes per year.

Table 86 : Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector

EE Measures Units Target Invest

ment

(INR)

Electrici

ty

Saved

(MU)

Emission

s Saved

(Tonnes)

Indicative cost of replacing 100 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL Nos. 23789 48 5.14 4162

Indicative cost of replacing T12/T8 tube lights with T5 tube lights Nos. 170486 852 6.01 4869

Indicative cost of replacing conventional fans with EE star rated fans Nos. 292404 4386 5.61 4547

Indicative cost of replacing conventional AC with EE star rated AC Nos. 15199 2348 5.20 4210

Nos. 7634 21.96 17789

5.4. EE Strategy for Municipal Sector

Municipal services annually incur huge expenditures on electricity consumption to cater to the local public

services. Hence energy efficiency has become the call of the day for municipal organizations in India, owing to

growing city needs. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India has already come out with the Manual for

development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects. Energy conservation drives in the municipal corporations

and councils will become an exemplary initiative for similar activities in the city. As a high visibility and

administration center Municipal bodies across India should go ahead in implementing the strategies and

replicating the success stories.

5.4.1. EE measures in Street Lighting

Street lighting is one of the major sources of energy consumption in municipal area. The different lighting

appliances used for municipal lighting are the 150W HPSV lamps, 250W HPSV lamps, and T12 and T8 tube lights.

(i) Replacement of 250 watt HPSV with LEDs

250 watts high pressure sodium vapor lamps are frequently used in street lighting fixture in municipal area.

They can be replaced with more energy efficient LEDS available in the Indian market today. A 100% target to

replace 250W HPSV lamps with LEDs is taken for Rajkot city, to provide the techno-economics of implementing

the replacement and bringing about energy savings.

81

Table 87 : Replacement of 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED

Replacing 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED HPSV 250 watt

112 watt LED

Number of Lamp 1142 1142 Hours per day 11 11 Days in year 365 365 Lamp Wattage 250 112 Power Supply/ Ballast Wattage W 30 10 Power factor 0.7 0.9 Load of each lamp watts 400 136 Annual total kWh for all the street lights 1834052 621540 Cost of Energy (INR) 5 5 Annual Cost of Energy (INR) 9170260 3107699 Life of lamp (hours) 10000 50000 Cost of Lamp (INR) 30000 56000 Cost of Fixture (INR) 6000 0 Total Cost (INR) 36000 56000 Annual Failure rate 5% 2% Annual maintenance cost (INR) 1500 500

Payback period 3.8

(ii) Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with 56 watt LED

150 watt HPSV lights are being used to illuminate the city roads during night. A 56 watt LED could be a very

good replacement of 150 watt HPSV light which can save a lot of energy and the pay back period is also very

less. The below mentioned table presents the analyses of replacing 150 watt HPSV lamp with 56 watt LED.

Table 88 : Replacement of 150 watt HPSV light with 56 watt LED

Replacing 150 watt with 56 watt LED

HPSV 150 watt

56 watt LED

Number of Lamp 3426 3426 Hours per day 11 11

Days in year 365 365 Lamp Wattage 150 56 Power Supply/ Ballast Wattage W 30 10

Power factor 0.7 0.9 Load of each lamp watts 257 73 Annual total kWh for all the street lights 3537100 1008729 Cost of Energy (INR) 5 5 Annual Cost of Energy (INR) 17685501 5043643 Life of lamp (hours) 10000 50000 Cost of Lamp (INR) 18000 37000 Cost of Fixture (INR) 6000 0 Total Cost (INR) 24000 37000 Annual Failure rate 5% 2% Annual maintenance cost (INR) 1500 500

Payback period 3.5

82

(iii) Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights

In Rajkot city T12 and T8 tube lights are frequently used in street lighting and survey results have revealed

approximately 26989 tube lights in municipal street lighting. 100% replacement of tube lights with in municipal

street lighting should be targeted to bring about energy savings.

Table 89 : Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights

Unit

Total number of 40 watt Tube lights 27510 Nos.


Total number of 28 watt tube lights needed 27510 Nos.


Energy saved by replacing 40 watt tube light with 28 watt tube

light

2771357 kWh




(iv) Installation of power savers

Installation of power savers in street lights can substantially reduce the energy consumption. The use of power

savers in street lights can reduce 30% of electricity consumption.

Table 90 : Application of Power Savers in Street lights

No of Lights 400 Watt 250W SV 125 watt 150 W 70 W 40W Tube Light Others Total Total No of Lights 37 1142 773 3426 768 27510 5535 39191 Load (KW) 15 286 97 514 54 1100

No of 25 KVA power Saver Required 103 Cost of each 20 KVA power saver is INR 85000 (Total Cost for Power Savers in Lacs) 88 Energy Saved (MU) apprx 30% 3.76 Cost of Energy Saved (Lacs INR) 188 Payback Period (In Years) 0.47

Emissions Saved (in tonnes) 3044

(v) Sensors for automatic on/off of Street lights

Automatic street lights ensure that energy is not wasted by lights turned on during day time. Many streetlights

in India face this predicament due to faulty manually controlled street lights. Manual control involves labor

costs, energy wastes and poor efficiency; hence Municipal street lights should hasten the process of installing

83

automatic sensors. Solar sensors are the new and upcoming products in the market today and should be

applied by municipalities for higher efficiency in the operation and maintenance of municipal street lights.

84

(vi) Energy Efficiency Measures in Water Pumping

Water pumping is one of the major utility practices which consume high energy. The energy efficiency initiatives

for water pumping in India have been going on for quite some time. BEE state in its Manual for Development of

Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects states that 25% energy savings can be obtained from initiatives in water

systems alone. In Karnataka Municipal energy efficiency Improvement initiatives, water pumping has been

addressed. This has been further taken up as a Municipal Energy efficiency CDM project. The effort can be

replicated throughput other municipalities sin India. This would bring about a lot of energy savings in water

pumping utilities.

(vii) Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads)

Proper water pumping design can bring about lots of energy savings in the running and maintenance cost of

water pump systems. Careful designing is required to assess the volume of water to be pumped and the height

it needs to be raised to. Fluid piping soft wares can be utilized for designing water pumps in Municipal bodies. A

20% saving is assumed for design based energy efficiency of water pumping systems. The techno-economics

given below for this initiative is based on this assumption.

Table 91 : Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads)

Value

Annual Energy Consumption in MU 38.95

Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 1947.4

Saving % 20%

Total Annual Saving in MU 7.79

Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 389.5

eCO2 (Tonne) Reduction 6309.7

(viii) Installation of variable speed drivers

Dimension and adjustment losses are two of the major energy loss sources in pumping processes. Adjusting

pump speed or using Variable Speed Driver to adjust speed is one way to decreasing both the aforementioned

losses in pumping processes. An assumption of 5% savings is taken to provide the financial and technical details

of installing variable speed drivers in municipal water pumping systems in Rajkot City.

Table 92 : Variable Speed Drivers

Value



Saving % 5%




85

(ix) Power saver installation in pump house

An assumption of 15% savings is taken as the energy saving potential for installing power saver in municipal

pump houses. The following techno-economics is based on this assumption.

Table 93 : Power saver installation in pump house

Value



Saving % 15%




(x) Energy Efficiency Measures in STP

Pumping systems are utilized in water treatment plants of the municipal corporations whose energy efficiency

can also be determined through efficient system design. A considerable amount of energy can be saved taking

suitable measures in STP. RMC should initiate energy audit in all its utility services and installations to take a

stalk of the energy consumption and potential savings.

(xi) Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads)

The same principle of speed adjustment to reduce adjustment and dimension energy losses in water pumping

process applies in water treatment plants. An assumption of 20% saving is taken into consideration for giving

the techno-economics of installing variable

Table 94 : Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads)

Value



Saving % 20%


Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 500

eCO2 (Tonne) Reduction 1100

(xii) Installation of variable speed drivers

Installation of variable speed drivers for municipal pumps could save at least 5% energy resulting total savings

of 0.34MU per year reducing 275 tonnes of GHG emission.

86

Table 95 : Variable Speed Drivers

Standard/Recommended Condition Value



Saving % 5%




(xiii) Power saver installation in pump house

An assumption of 15% savings has been taken to calculate the energy saving potential and financial implications

of installing power saver in pump houses.

Table 96 : Power saver installation in pump house

Value



Saving % 15%




(xiv) Summary of EE Strategy for Municipal Sector

The energy savings potential through energy efficiency measures in municipal sector is 22.95 MU per year

which is about 7.60% of total target to achieve.

Table 97 : Summary of EE Strategy for Municipal Sector

EE Measures Number Investment (Lakh)

Electricity Saved (MU)

Emissions Saved (Tonnes)

Street lights and power savers

Indicative cost of replacing T8/T12 tubelights with T5 tubelights 27510 138 2.77 2245 Indicative cost of replacing 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED 1142 640 6.06 4911 Indicative Cost of replacing 150 watt HPSV by 56 watt LED 3426 1268 12.64 10240

87

100% timer based operation and installation of power saver 103 88 3.76 3044.000

Water Supply Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads 7.79 6309.65 Installation of variable speed drivers 1.95 1577.41 Power saver installation in pump house 5.84 4732.24

STP Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads 1.36 1100 Installation of variable speed drivers 0.34 275 Power saver installation in pump house 1.02 825

Total 2133 43.53 35258

88

CHAPTER 6

6. ACTION PLAN AND BUDGET

6.1. Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings

The table below presents a summary of year wise goals for energy savings through introduction of renewable

energy and taking energy efficiency measures. The goal is to minimum 10% reduction in projected total

demand of 2904.4 MU of conventional energy at the end of five years to be achieved through energy saving

from energy efficiency measures and generation from renewable energy installations.

The master plan sets a goal of total savings of 307.09 MU with 148.23 MU from renewable energy installation

and 158.86 MU from energy efficiency measures.

Table 98 : Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period

Energy Savings target over 5 years period of implementation

RE and EE Strategy for Rajkot City

1st Year

2nd year Cumulative

3rd year Cumulative

4th year Cumulative

5th year Cumulative

Total Energy Savings (MU)

% of savings target to achieve

Emission reduction/ year

RE for Residential Sector 4.35 10.88 19.58 30.46 43.52 43.52 15.01% 28892 RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector 1.31 3.28 5.90 9.18 13.12 13.12 4.52% 9635 RE for Industrial Sector 4.48 11.20 20.16 31.35 44.79 44.79 15.45% 36683 RE for Municipal Sector 0.20 16.54 36.19 46.20 46.80 46.80 16.14% 37774 Total for RE strategy 14.82 37.06 66.70 103.76 148.23 148.23 51.11% 112985 EE for Residential Sector 5.80 14.49 26.09 40.58 57.97 57.97 19.99% 46959 EE for Commercial Sector 3.54 8.85 15.93 24.78 35.39 35.39 12.20% 28669 EE for Industrial Sector 2.20 5.49 9.88 15.37 21.96 21.96 7.57% 10551 EE for Municipal Sector 4.35 10.88 19.59 30.47 43.53 43.53 15.01% 35258 Total for EE Strategy 15.89 39.71 71.49 111.20 158.86 158.86 54.78% 121436 RE and EE Combined Strategy 30.71 76.77 138.19 214.96 307.09 307.09 234421 11% 26% 48% 74% 106% 106%

89

Figure 15 : Year wise energy savings targets for Rajkot Solar City

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

1 2 3 4 5

Ene

rgy

Savi

ngs

(M

U/

year

)

Years of implementation

Year wise Energy Savings Target

Total for RE strategy

Total for EE Strategy

RE and EE Combined Strategy

90

Table 99 : Year wise Goal of Energy Savings (Please zoom in for better view)

91

6.2. Physical Target and Action Plan

A list of renewable energy equipments and energy efficient devices has been presented in the table below.

Table 100 : Physical target of RE systems and EE devices

Renewable Energy Devices proposed Domestic Solar Water Heating System (100/125LPD system) 12489 Nos. x 1000LPD solar water heating system 1173 Nos. Solar cookers (Box and dish type) 10926 Nos. Community Solar Cooker 38 Nos. Solar lanterns 3824 Nos. Use Solar Home Systems (SHS) 3824 Nos. 0.25 - 1.0kWp Solar PV system for inverters 7558 Nos. x 10kWp PV Power Plant for diesel abatement 2893 Nos. x 10CuM Biogas system from organic/food waste 72 Nos. Solar Street Light 7638 Nos. Solar PV Traffic Lights 16 Nos. Solar Blinkers (37Wp) 60 Nos. Road Stud 5593 Nos. Solar PV Pumps 38 Nos. Waste to Energy Power Plant 3 Nos. Energy Efficient Devices proposed CFLs 148053 Nos. T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace 939767 Nos. Efficient ceiling fans 1304060 Nos. Star rated Acs 61188 Nos.

Star rated refrigerators 29554 Nos. Star rated water pumps 6264 Nos. 112 watt LED 1142 Nos. 56 watt LED 3426 Nos. Power saver 103 Nos.

92

Table 101 : Physical Target and Action Plan (Please zoom in for better view)

93

6.3. Implementation Strategy

6.3.1. Establishment of the Solar City Cell

The Solar City Cell is a very integral component of the MNRE’s Development of Solar Cities” Scheme. The basic

purpose of establishing a Solar City cell is to ensure the parallel set up of a local site for exchange and collection

of relevant data for sustenance, promotion and awareness generation of renewable energy and energy

efficiency at the local level. The solar city cell will be the focal point and critical player for implementation of the

solar city development programme. Solar City Cell will be established within the Rajkot Municipal Corporation

and will function under the full administration of the Rajkot Municipal Corporation and the Council Chairman

will be the highest level authorizing personnel. A senior technical officer at the level of executive engineer or

above will be the overall in charge of the solar city cell. The officer in-charge will prepare all strategy and

functioning modalities of the solar city cell. A full time technical expert will be associated to the Solar City Cell

for day-to-day activities, documentation, communication and every other activity under Solar City Cell. The

Solar City Cell will provide technical guidance, expertise and financial analyses of projects for potential

investors- individual or companies. It will also help for customer outreach. It will act as a platform where all

relevant stakeholders (citizens/manufacturers /banks/institutions etc.) can meet and exchange information on

RE and EE.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India will provide Rs.10.00 Lakh (Rupees ten lakh

only) for the establishment and operation the solar city cell for five years. The Rajkot Municipal Corporation will

provide space for the cell and depute one senior engineer/ technical person of the level of executive engineer

or above as an overall in-charge of the solar city cell. The detailed functions and modus operandi of the solar

city cell is elaborated in the guidebook for development of solar city, which is an integral part of this master

plan.

6.3.2. Awareness and Publicity

Awareness and Publicity Programme will be taken up to creating awareness among mass and target sectors in

the city about benefits and financial incentive for targeted Renewable Energy systems & devices. Under these

programmes, information on technological developments, financial benefits and cost savings from RE system

and EE measures, government initiatives and incentives for such devices/ measures, availability, price etc will

be disseminated through various media. The Solar City Cell will primarily take up these programmes. MNRE has

earmarked Rs.20.00 lakh (Rupees twenty lakh) for each city for awareness and publicity activities under the

solar city development programme. The following activities are proposed for creation of awareness and

publicity.

(i) Publicity through electronic media

Production and telecast of documentary films, short duration films, TV spots/advertisements etc

through local TV network

Production and broadcast of Radio sponsored programmes, Radio Spots/jingles and Radio Talks etc.

through local FM channels

94

Creating an interactive E-Commerce website exclusively for “Rajkot Solar City” for awareness

campaigns, information sharing and support to the users for submission of online application for

incentives etc.

(ii) Print Media/Publication

Advertisements in colour and black & white in Newspapers/magazines/journals etc.

Printing of booklets/folders/brochures/posters/calendars/Trade Guide/ Compendium/ Newsletters etc.

on different promotional schemes under Rajkot Solar City project.

Develop educational programs on energy efficiency, distributed generation, and renewable energy

systems in buildings for homeowners, businesses, government staff, and those in the building

industries.

(iii) Exhibitions, Outdoor Publicity, Campaign

Use of Exhibitions and Outdoor Publicity activities like hoardings, kiosks, bus panels, bus-stop shelters,

wall paintings, computerized animation display systems, etc. in the city.

Display and demonstration of RE and EE equipments in the Solar City Cell.

Organizing runs, debates, seminars, quiz, drawing, model making, poster, essay and slogan writing

competitions among others for school children and others;

Promotion and publicity of RE and EE by displaying models and posters etc in different public places,

institutions/organizations, hospitals, bus stand etc.

Encourage maximum participation by residents and business owners in the City’s energy efficiency

programs through marketing and education.

Educate government purchasing agents in each City department regarding the benefits of Energy Star

rated equipment, including the cost savings to the city.

Encourage community input on strategies for improving energy efficiency in building.

(iv) Workshops and Seminars

It is proposed to organize workshops and seminars on specific technologies for targeted audiences from

residential, commercial, Institutional, Industrial and Municipal Sectors.

6.3.3. Implementation of RE Strategy

The solar city development programme will be implemented through joint participation of the residential

citizens of the Rajkot city, industries, commercial and institutional establishment, city municipal corporation,

state government and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Financial assistance for installation of various

renewable energy devices and systems will be availed as per the provisions of various schemes of the Ministry.

Support for various other activities will also be availed as per the scheme provisions of MNRE. The ministry will

give priority for support to the cities identified as potential Solar Cities. The Ministry, IREDA and other

implementing institutions for promoting the use of renewable energy devices/systems, will consider these cities

as priority cities. State Nodal Agency may also request the Ministry to allocate higher targets for installation of

various renewable energy devices/systems in these cities under its different schemes through subsidies.

Ministry of Urban Development would also be approached for assistance under their schemes e.g., JNNURM,

95

etc., as well as the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. The following activities are proposed to promote use of

renewable energy and energy efficiency measures among different section of people, commercial

establishment, institutions, municipality and industries.

(I) Show casing and promotion of different MNRE programmes through different audiovisual publicity,

workshop, exhibition, campaign etc.

(II) Establishment of single window clearance mechanism to avail all government incentives. The Solar

city cell can be used as a single point contact and clearance centre for all kinds of promotional

activities and subsidies for RE and EE devices.

(III) Creation of interactive web based tool for accepting application for availing incentives from MNRE/

State/ City

(IV) Providing technical assistance to project developers in site assessment, feasibility and detailed

project report preparation.

(V) Providing assistance in conducting energy audit

(VI) Involvement of financial institution/ IREDA for providing soft loan for large scale promotion of RE

projects.

(VII) Setting up of a high level committee including city administration, state nodal agency, developers,

MNRE, RE/ EE experts, Finance institution stakeholders from different sectors to oversee and

review implementation of the Master Plan

(VIII) Provide additional subsidy/ incentives for those systems which have payback period more that 3

years

(IX) Amend building bye-laws for making the use of solar water heating systems mandatory

(X) Provide rebate in property tax through Municipal Corporations/ Municipalities & in electricity tariff

though Utilities/ Electricity Boards to the users of solar water heaters especially in domestic sector.

(XI) Comply MSW Rules 2000 notified by the MoEF and set up projects of suitable capacity for

generating energy from the waste collected from the city/town.

(XII) Conduct energy auditing of Govt./Public sector buildings, water pumping and street lightings in the

city at regular interval and take necessary steps towards conservation of energy for the same.

(XIII) Issue G.O as regards to construction of energy efficient solar buildings at least in Govt. /Public

sectors in accordance with ECBC : 2006 and follow up its implementation rigorously.

(XIV) Organize rigorous publicity, and also the training programmes/ business meets for various stake

holders e.g. architects, engineers, builders & developers, financial institutions, NGOs, technical

institutions, manufactures/suppliers, RWAs etc. so as to involve them actively in meeting the

objective of solar city.

(XV) Generate necessary funds from State Govt. and other funding organizations for achieving the

objective of making the city as “Solar City”. Benefits of the schemes of Govt. of India will also be

taken in meeting the objectives.

(XVI) Promote National Rating System for construction of energy efficient Green Buildings in particular to

commercial and institutional buildings

(XVII) Avail financial benefit from Carbon Market

6.3.4. Renewable Energy Pilot Projects

MNRE will provide financial assistance for implementation of pilot projects in all the sectors. Five categories of

projects in different RE technologies are proposed in each sector. It is proposed that MNRE will provide

financial assistance to meet 75% of the project cost, RMC/ State will support 15% and users will contribute 10%

96

project cost. The total investment for implementation of all proposed pilot projects is estimated as

Rs.311.59Lakh out of which MNRE will contribute Rs.233.69 Lakh, City/ Sate will contribute Rs.46.74Lakh and

the users will contribute Rs.31.16Lakh. All the pilot projects shall be executed in the first year of

implementation. All the pilot projects shall be executed in the first year of implementation. The following

tables show pilot projects proposed and financial implication thereon in different sectors in the city.

Table 102 : Pilot Projects in Residential Sector

Sl.

No.

Proposed Pilot Projects Capacity Unit Nos. Cost per

system

(Lakh)

Total

cost

(Lakh)

MNRE

Share

(Lakh)

City/

State

Share

(Lakh)

Users

share

(Lakh)

1 Solar lanterns for roadside markets/

hawkers to replace kerosene lamps

10 Wp 100 0.03 3.00 1.50 1.20 0.30

2 PV system for Home inverter 250 Wp 10 0.30 3.00 1.50 1.20 0.30

3 PV system to replace Home Generator 1 kWp 5 2.00 10.00 5.00 4.00 1.00

4 Solar Water Heating System for

residential Apartment Complex

5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 5.00 4.00 1.00

5 PV Power Plant for residential

apartment Complex

25 kWp 2 30.00 60.00 30.00 24.00 6.00

Total 86.00 43.00 34.40 8.60

Table 103 : Pilot Projects in Commercial and Institutional Sector

Sl.

No.

Project Capacity Unit Nos. Cost per

system

(Lakh)

Total

cost

(Lakh)

MNRE

Share

(Lakh)

City/

State

Share

(Lakh)

Users

share

(Lakh)

1 Community Solar Cooker for mid day

meal in schools

1 No. 10 0.20 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.20

2 Solar Water hearts for Hospitals 5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 5.00 4.00 1.00

3 Biogas system for Restaurants 10 CuM 2 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.40 0.10

4 Solar Water Heater for Restaurants 5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 5.00 4.00 1.00

5 PV system for educational institutes 6 kWp 2 12.91 25.82 12.91 10.33 2.58

Total 48.82 24.41 19.53 4.88

Table 104 : Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector

Sl.

No.

Project Capacity Unit Nos. Cost per

system

(Lakh)

Total

cost

(Lakh)

MNRE

Share

(Lakh)

City/

State

Share

(Lakh)

Users

share

(Lakh)

1 Biogas system for restaurants 50 CuM 2 5.00 10.00 5.00 4.00 1.00

2 PV System for Leather Industries 1 kWp 2 2.00 4.00 2.00 1.60 0.40

3 Solar Water Heaters for Food

processing

2000 LPD 2 2.00 4.00 2.00 1.60 0.40

4 Solar PV system for Garment Industry 0.5 kWp 2 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.20

5 Solar steam generator process heating 1 Nos. 2 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.20

Total 22.00 11.00 8.80 2.20

Table 105 : Pilot Projects in Municipal Sector

97

Sl.

No.

Project Capacity Unit Nos. Cost

per

system

(Lakh)

Total

cost

(Lakh)

MNRE

Share

(Lakh)

City/

State

Share

(Lakh)

Users

share

(Lakh)

1 Solar PV power plant for Municipal

building/ bus stand

25 kWp 2 50.00 100.00 50.00 40.00 10.00

2 Solar Streetlights/ traffic lights/

blinkers

74 Wp 100 0.20 20.00 10.00 8.00 2.00

3 Solar PV system for markets 500 Wp 5 0.60 3.00 1.50 1.20 0.30

4 Outdoor PV systems for Municipal

Parks

1 No. 2 8.39 16.78 8.39 6.71 1.68

5 Solar Hoardings 1 No. 10 1.50 15.00 7.50 6.00 1.50

Total 154.78 77.39 61.91 15.48

Table 106 : Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication

Sl.

No.

Project Total cost

(Lakh)

MNRE

Share

(Lakh)

City/

State

Share

(Lakh)

Users

share

(Lakh)

1 Pilot Project in Residential Sector 86.00 43.00 34.40 8.60

2 Pilot Projects in Commercial & Institutional Sector 48.82 24.41 19.53 4.88

3 Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector 22.00 11.00 8.80 2.20

4 Pilot Projects in municipal Sector 154.78 77.39 61.91 15.48

Total 311.59 155.80 124.64 31.16

6.4. Financial outlays and sharing of fund

The total indicative budget for development of Rajkot as Solar City is estimated at Rs.785.50 crore which will be

invested over the 5 years of implementation period of solar city development programme. The total budget will

be shared by the state government/ City authority (9%), MNRE (24%) and the private users (67%). The budget for

implementation of RE strategy and EE strategy is estimated at Rs.425.26 crore and is Rs.360.24 crore

respectively. Budget for establishment of the Solar City Cell and awareness and publicity is estimated at Rs.28

Lakhs which could be enhanced depending upon the requirement. While budget for RE strategy will be shared

among MNRE, state/city and private users, private investors will primarily drive EE activities. A substantial

amount of investment could be recovered or the entire project could be partially financed through carbon

finance mechanism. A suitable mtheodology will be adopted to avail benefit from carbon market selling the CER

generated from the project.

Table 107 : Sharing of budget for development of Rajkot Solar City

Year 1 (Crore)

Year 2 (Crore)

Year 3 (Crore)

Year 4 (Crore)

Year 5 (Crore)

Total (Crore)

State / City Share 7.42 11.13 14.84 18.55 22.26 74.19 MNRE Share 33.78 58.44 73.67 87.30 101.02 354.21

Private Share 73.82 121.20 160.20 190.76 221.46 767.43

Total Budget 115.02 190.76 248.71 296.61 344.74 1195.83

98

Figure 16 : Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Rajkot

Figure 17 : Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for Rajkot Solar City

30%

6% 64%

Budget Sharing for development Rajkot Solar City

MNRE

State / City

Private/ Users

45%

3%

52%

Sharing of Cost for RE Strategy

MNREState/CityPrivate

99

Figure 18 : Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for Rajkot Solar City

Figure 19 : Year wise sharing of budget for Rajkot Solar City Programme

0%

13%

87%

Sharing of cost for EE Strategy

MNRE

State/City

Private

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

1 2 3 4 5

Ru

pe

es

in C

rore

Years of implementation

Budget and Sharing of fund

State / City Share

MNRE Share

Private Share

Total Budget

100

Table 108 : Sector wise total budget and annual expenses

Unit Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

MNRE contribution for RE strategy

Establishment of Solar city cell Lakh 10.00 3.52 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62

Publicity and awareness Lakh 28.00 8.15 8.15 5.60 3.05 3.05

RE for Residential sector Lakh 3407.59 340.76 511.14 681.52 851.90 1022.28

RE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 4065.40 406.54 609.81 813.08 1016.35 1219.62

RE for Industrial sector Lakh 24960.64 2496.06 3744.10 4992.13 6240.16 7488.19

RE for Municipal sector Lakh 1225.64 122.56 183.85 245.13 306.41 367.69

W2E Project form MSW & STPs Lakh 1723.26 0.00 784.88 627.91 310.47 0.00

MNRE 35420.53 29.62% 3377.60 5843.54 7366.98 8729.95 10102.45

State/city contribution

Establishment of solar city cell Lakh 12.80 0.80 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40

RE for Institutional sector Lakh 1307.34 130.73 196.10 261.47 326.83 392.20


EE measures for Inst. sector Lakh 3015.71 301.57 452.36 603.14 753.93 904.71

EE measures for Municipal sector Lakh 2133.34 213.33 320.00 426.67 533.34 640.00

State / City 7419.40 6.20% 741.94 1112.91 1483.88 1854.85 2225.82

Private/ Users contribution

RE for Residential sector Lakh 5481.68 548.17 822.25 1096.34 1370.42 1644.50

RE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 3942.21 394.22 591.33 788.44 985.55 1182.66

RE for Industrial sector Lakh 31439.49 3143.95 4715.92 6287.90 7859.87 9431.85


EE for Residential sector Lakh 15810.73 1581.07 2371.61 3162.15 3952.68 4743.22

EE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 9047.14 904.71 1357.07 1809.43 2261.79 2714.14

EE measures for Industrial sector Lakh 7634.26 763.43 1145.14 1526.85 1908.57 2290.28

Private Investor for W2E projects Lakh 2923.26 0.00 1046.51 1255.81 620.93 0.00

Private/ Users 76743.21 64.18% 7382.00 12119.50 16019.80 19075.92 22145.99

Total Lakh INR 119583.14 11958.31 17937.47 23916.63 29895.78 35874.94

101

Table 109 : Budget and Sharing of fund (Please zoom in for better view)

102

6.5. Various funding mechanisms for the projects

6.5.1. Grants/finance from central government, state government or international agencies

There are several central and state government agencies that give grants or create special funds for the purpose of providing finance for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. Several international lending and donor intuitions such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, etc have projects (funds) for the development of energy efficiency and conservation projects in India.

6.5.2. Self financing – recovery of investment through tax (Municipal Corporation) or tariffs

(DISCOM)

Under the self financing model, the implementing entity (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM) allocate funds to SCPs either by utilizing its own funds (may be in the form of a special fund created for SCPs) or though loans and outsourcing the certain portion of the project work and execution. Tax and tariff collections could be used to self finance the projects. Rationale of investment recovery is essential for implementing entity (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM), as failure to recover any costs directly impacts utility earnings, and sends a discouraging message regarding further investment. Sometimes it may be possible to create Specialized Funds for design, development and implementation of SCPs.

6.5.3. Project Finance, lease finance and other sources

a. Project Finance b. Corporate Financing c. Lease Financing d. Revolving Fund e. Guarantee Facilities for Commercial Bank Loans

6.5.4. ESCO Financing

ESCO financing is the most familiar model of financing energy efficient/renewable energy generation projects. Under this category of finance, the ESCO signs an agreement with the authority (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM) to finance and implement project; the ESCO may borrow the project debt and pay back it from project revenues. An energy service company (ESCO) is a specialized service provider offering a wide range of complete energy solutions together with planning, designing and implementation of energy conservation projects. ESCO also operates the project to make certain energy savings during the payback phase. The income from energy savings is often used to pay back the capital investment made by the ESCO. Performance contract signed between ESCO and authority is directly related to the quantity of energy saved. ESCOs offer guaranteed savings and their compensation is related to the projects’ performance. ESCOs may also provide or arrange financing.

6.5.5. Supportive financing options available to Solar Cities Projects

f. Bonds (Municipal, Energy Efficiency or Carbon) g. Clean Development Mechanism h. Renewable Energy Certificates i. Energy Efficiency Certificates

103

6.5.6. Business Models for Solar Cities Projects

Financer

Implementer

Government Private

Government GG model PG model

Private GP model PP model

6.5.7. Types of Models

j. Management Contracts

i. Supply or service contract ii. Maintenance management

k. Turnkey l. Lease m. BOT type of contracts

i. Franchise ii. Build-Operate-Transfer

6.6. Potential Carbon Market Benefit

The RE and EE activities under solar city programme will considerable amount of green house emission per

year. The CER generated under this project can be sold to carbon market under suitable mechanism.

Table 110 : Potential Carbon Market Benefit

Assumption: Value of CER = 12 Euro;

1Euro= 60 INR

Energy Saved

(MU)

CER

(Tonnes)

Value

(Lakh/ year)

CER from RE strategy 148.23 112985 813.49

CER fro EE strategy 158.86 121436 874.34

CER from entire solar city project 307.09 234421 1687.83

104

Annexure 1 :

List of MNRE approved ETC based Solar Water heating systems manufacturer in Gujarat

GUJARAT

M/s. Warm Stream,

P.B. No.22, Anand Sojitra Road,

Vithal Udyognagar – 388 120

(Gujarat)

Tel: 02692-231316, 232309,

237565

Fax: 02692-236478

e-mail:

[email protected]

M/s. Hiramrut Energies Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No.148 & 127, GIDC-II,

Jamwadi, N.H. 8-B,Gandal –

360311

Dist: Rajkot (Gujarat)

Tel: 02825-224824, 224272,

Fax: 02825-240472

e-mail: [email protected]

M/s. Sun Energy Systems,

Post Box No.12, Plot No.C-

1/411, Near Water Tank,

G.I.D.C., Vithal Udyognagar –

388 121, Anand (Gujarat)

Tel: 02692 230317, 231216, Fax:

02692-231216

e-mail:

[email protected]

M/s. Redren Energy Pvt. Ltd.,

Plot No.2625, Road D/5, Kranti

Gate,

GIDC Metoda, Rajkot – 360

021(Gujarat)

Tel: 02827 287281, Fax: 02827

287381


Sun Free Heat Industries

Plot – 301,Phase-1,Nr.old

Telephone Exchange, G.D.I.C.,

Vitthal Udyognagar-388121

Anand, Gujarat

Tel: 02692 230423, Mo:

9428799552

[email protected]

M/s Sintex Industries Ltd.

Kalol (in Gujarat), 382721

Tel: 02764 – 253500

Fax: 253800


M/s Om Energy Equipment

Chandrasekhar Nagar Main

Road, Opp. Back Bone Shopping

Center, B/h. Radheyshayam

Packaging, Rajkot.

Mob:9879049493

e-mail:

[email protected]

M/s Yogi Solar Industries

Neeldhara Complex, Nr. Gundala

Railway Crossing, Gundala

Road, Gondal-360311

Tel: 02825-221502, Fax: 02825-

223272

Mob: 9825632875/9909040002

[email protected]

[email protected]

www.royalsolar.in

M/s Patel Engineering

New Nehrunagar Street No.9,

Dhebar Road South (Atika)

Rajkot-360002,

Mob: 09825735178


M/s Farmson Enviro care

Plot No.3704/, Phase –VI,

G.I.D.C., Vatva, Jasodnagar –

Memdavad Road (East)

Ahemdabad-382445

Tel: 079-256840913,

Mob:09426016191

e-mail:

[email protected]

M/s Electrotherm Renewable

A Division of Electrotherm

(India) Ltd. Plot No. 414/1 GIDC

Phase II, Vatva, Ahmedabad -

382445

Tel: 91 79 25895711, 66186500

Fax: 91 79 25895703,

e-mail

[email protected]

M/s Sun Gold Enterprise

511, World Trade Center, Nr.

Udhna Darwaja, Ring Road

Surat

Tel: 0261-6592355 +91

9825194488

e-mail:

[email protected]

[email protected]

105

List of MNRE approved FPC based Solar Water heating systems manufacturer in Gujarat

GUJARAT

Sintex Industries Ltd

(Plastic Division), Near Seven

Garnala,

Kalol, Dist : Gandhinagar,

Pin : 382721

Tel : 02764-24301 TO 24305

Fax : 02764-20385

Email : [email protected]

NRG Technologists Private

Limited,

Plot No.989/6, , GIDC Industrial

Estate, Makarpura,

Baroda, Gujarat

Pin : 390010

Tel : 0265-2642094,2656167

Fax : 0265-2642094,2656167

Email :

[email protected]

Solar Energy Services,

A/4/2, Industrial Estate, B.I.D.C.

Gorwa,

Vadodara

Pin : 390016

Tel : 02667-264239

Red Renewalble Technologies,

Plot No G-2625, D-5 Road, Gidc,

Metoda, Rajkot, Gujarat

Pin : 360021

Tel : 02827-287281

Mobile : 9979873994

List of MNRE Approved suppliers dealing in flat plate collector based Solar Driers/air heating

systems & Scheffler solar cooker/ steam generating systems in Gujarat

1. M/S NRG Technologies

989/6, GIDC Estate, Makarpura,

Vadodara-390010

Phone & Fax: 0265-2642094

E.Mail :

[email protected].

2. Director

Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research

Institute, Post Box No. 2, Vallabh

Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat

Ph.: 02692-231332/ 35011,

Fax: 02692-37982

E-mail : [email protected]

3. M/S STEELHACKS INDUSTRIES ,

525-526, G.I.D.C.,

Vithal Udyognagar 388121,

Dist. Anand.

Gujarat. (INDIA)

Tel: 912692236156,235518

Fax :+912692236534

Email: [email protected],

[email protected]

Web:www.unisolar.com

mailto:[email protected]


106

List of BIS approved Manufacturers of Box type Solar Cookers working in Gujarat

1. M/s Rural Engineering School ,

Rojmal, Tal.: Gadhada (SN)

District Bhavnagar-364750, Gujarat

Tel : 02847 -294127

Fax: 02847 253535


2. Khadi Gramodhyog Prayog Samiti

Gandhi Ashram,

Ahmedabad-380 027

Telefax: 079-27552469

Mobile : 9825484275, 9879784255

3. Sayala Taluka Khadi Gramodyog Seva Mandal, Motiram Building , Below SBS Service Branch,

Phulchhab Chowk,

Rajkot -360 001

Ph.: 0281-2477226

Mobile : 09825074591


4. M/s Rural Engineering School ,

Rojmal, Tal.: Gadhada (SN)

District Bhavnagar-364750, Gujarat

Tel : 02847 -294127

Fax: 02847 253535


List of Biomass Gasifier manufacturers in Gujarat

1. Dr. B.C. Jain, Managing Director,

M/s. Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd.,

Near Old Sama Jakat Naka, Vadodara-390 008

Tel.: +91-265-2793098,

Fax : +91-265-2794042

E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]

Web: www.ankurscientific.com

2. Dr.S.V. Makadia

Radhe Renewable Energy Development Associate

D-110 Rajdoot Industrial Estate

4, Umakant Pandit Udyognagar

Near Mavdi Plot,

Rajkot – 360 004 (Gujarat)

Ph: 91-981 372567 (O) 571932

Fax: 91-281 372557

Email: [email protected]




http://www.ankurscientific.com/


107

Manufacturers of small hydro turbines in Gujarat

1. Managing Director

M/s Jyoti Ltd.,

Nanubhai Amin Marg Industrial Area, P.O., Chemical Industries,

Vadodara - 390 003

T: 0265-2281522/2282047

F: 0265-2350538/2381871

List of Solar Passive Architecture (MNRE indicative list of architects & experts) in Gujarat

1. Sh. B. V. Doshi

Vastushipa Foudation for Research in Environmental Design

Sangath, Thaltej Road

Ahmedabad- 380054

E-mail : [email protected]

2. Mr Patel Nimish and Zaveri Parul

Abhikram

15 Laxmi Nivas Society,

Paldi

Ahmedabad 380007

Waste to energy technology providers/suppliers in Gujarat

1. M/s Linde Process Technologies India Ltd.

38, Nutan Bharat Society, Alkapuri

Vadodara - 390 007

Tel: 0265-2336319, 2336196

Fax: 0265-2335213/2313629


108

Annexure 2 :

Initiatives of Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) in Renewable Energy (RE)

Project:

A lead city in Gujarat, Rajkot Municipal

Corporation has started implementing

various schemes to promote solar systems

with support from MNRE, GoI. In its first

endeavor, Rajkot MC installed a pilot plant

of 10Kwp Grid connect solar system at West

zone office Rajkot for captive use in 2009-10

(see exhibit below).

Project Details:

The 10 Kwp Grid connect system comprises 70 nos of 3165J Solar modules along with PCU & allied accessories

and converts solar energy to electricity for utilization in the municipal office of west zone of Rajkot MC. The

power generation is approximately 12,000 KWH/year. As on date, approximately 24MW power has been

generated from the date of commissioning the project, thus resulting in net saving to Corporation of

approximately Rs.1.56 lakh

In the pipeline:

After careful monitoring of 10kwp pilot project for close to two years, RMC has experienced encouraging results

and performance. Moving on, Rajkot Municipal Corporation has initiated process to install additional 110 Kw

grid connect solar power plants before March, 2012, at its various offices with approximate expenditure of Rs.

1.60 crore. The combined 120 kwp grid connect solar projects will generate power of 400 unit/day & approx

146 MW of power per year & will make all offices completely work on Solar systems by April, 2012. As MNRE,

GoI, is subsidizing the cost of installation to the extent of 30% of costs involved, the cost to RMC is Rs. 1.07

crore, which shall be completely recovered in close to five years on account of savings of Rs. 20 lakh per annum

to the Corporation.

Solar Street Lights:

In addition to this, the Rajkot Municipal Corporation

(RMC) has also installed 250 SOLAR LED Street lights in

various gardens of the city.

109

Annexure 3 :

Project Proposal for 70kWp Stand Alone SPV Power Plant Under Development of

Solar City Programme of MNRE

1. Title of the Project: 70kWp rooftop Solar PV system for Rajkot Municipal Corporation Building.

2. Name of the Project Proponent: Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC). 3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project: Solar PV power plant generates clean electricity using sunlight thereby off set green house gases produced by

fossil fuel based power generating system. The country’s majority generation capacity is largely coal based and

produces high quantity of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. If the untapped solar energy potential is

realized carbon dioxide and other toxic gas emissions can be lowered by significant quantity and thereby saving

our environment. Therefore, every kilowatt of solar energy produced has to be seen from this angle as a small

but major step towards mitigation of carbon dioxide emission and subsequently combat climate change. The

proposed 70kWp PV power plant will generate about 105000 kWh of clean electrical energy per year and will

reduce 84 tons of GHG per year. Many Government and commercial buildings in Thane use Diesel Generator

sets as standby power supply system during load shedding hours. DG sets create pollution and generation cost

of electricity from DG sets is high which is Rs.15-Rs.20 per kWh based on capacity of DG sets and utilization of

capacity. Solar PV power plant generates electricity at much lower cost then DG sets and use of Solar PV power

plant can replace diesel set completely or reduce fuel consumption. Use of Solar PV power plant also reduces

peak load, air-conditioner load in particular.

4. Benefits of the proposed project:

The proposed 70kWp PV power plant in the RMC building will generate 105000kWh per year which will save

equivalent amount of electricity consumed from the grid. The power plant will reduce peak load and will supply

power during load shedding hours thereby replace the use of diesel generator sets for standby power supply.

PV systems are becoming increasingly popular in India however; experience in O&M of such system in is very

low. The first hand experience PV system O&M train engineers and technical staff in Thane Municipal

Corporation, which will help in developing similar projects in future.

PART-A: Details of the Project Proponent

i

Name and Category of Project Proponent

a) Renewable Energy Service Providing Company (RESCO)

b) Financial Institutions (Banks, NBFCs, MFIs) c) Financial Integrator d) System Integrator e) Program Administrator

Name of the Project Proponent: Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot, Maharashtra. Category: Program Administrator.

ii

Name, Designation and Address of the Authorized

Name: The Commissioner

110

Representative for Correspondence with telephone no., fax & email

Address: Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

iii

In case of Channel Partner other than Programme Administrator, the following information will be provided: a) Whether commercial or non-commercial. b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration No. & Date;

PAN/TAN No. c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years d) Annual Report of previous year e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any SPV projects

for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes, please furnish information.

NA

iv

In case of 1 (e), please indicate: a) Government Department, Autonomous Institution set up

by Central/ State Government, State Renewable Energy Development Agency, Public Sector Undertaking

b) Others

Autonomous Institution set by State Government (Urban Local Body)

PART-B: Details of the Project 1. Summary of the Proposal:

The City of Rajkot forms an important urban agglomeration of Gujarat State. Substantial portion of

Gujarat’s state domestic product originates in urban areas. The productivity of urban areas largely

depends upon the efficient urban land use and the efficiency of the urban infrastructure. For the

sustained economic growth of the city, therefore efficient delivery of urban infrastructure services

along with the expansion of services commensurate with the pace of urban population growth is of

crucial importance. This has necessitated the Rajkot Municipal Corporation to undertake the

preparation of VISION document for the city. The intent of vision for the city is to facilitate, promote

the economic growth of the city with special emphasis on environment of the city. The Corporation

has also focused on and aimed at improving the quality of life of the people, particularly the urban

poor. Keeping a holistic approach the Corporation tried to prepare a realistic action plan. Rajkot has

been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as a solar city. Rajkot

Municipal Corporation (RMC) is the main organization which is responsible for urban governance and

civic management in the city of Rajkot. The corporation has a democratically elected leadership from

the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of the corporation boundaries. Rajkot Municipal

Corporation is a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has also come with the

added supportive policy framework from Gujarat Government for the implementation of renewable

energy initiatives.

It is proposed to install one 70kWp SPV power plant in Rajkot Municipal Corporation as model Renewable Energy power generating systems to cater the electrical energy demand for the office and

111

simultaneously to set example and encourage entrepreneurs to invest on such projects. The system will be installed in the administrative building of RMC and will be opened to the interested public and entrepreneurs. Trained manpower will be deployed to explain about the system and benefits to the interested visitors.

2. Details of Project site:

The Rajkot city is located at geographical coordinates of 22.18 N and 70.47 E. The administrative building of Rajkot Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city. The building has sufficient space on its roof for installation of 70kWp PV system. Average annual solar radiation in Thane is 5.35 kWh/m2/day. The Corporation uses two DG sets (one 320 KVA and another 250 KVA) alternatively to supply power during load shedding hours. Average load shedding per day reported be 4 hours. Based on the use of DG sets and occurrence of load shedding annual diesel consumption in the corporation building is about 54.00kL.

3. Details of Project Beneficiaries:

Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) will be the direct beneficiary of the project. RMC is responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include water supply, sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management, buildings and roads, street lighting, maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and crematoriums, conservation of heritage sites, and registering of births and deaths. 4. Details of Proposed Systems :

I. Proposed capacity of the SPV Power Plant: 70kWp II. Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : 1400 Sqm

III. Details of loads to be energized by Power Plant, calculations and justification for the proposed capacity and expected annual energy generation

Details of the loads to be energized by Power Plant:-

Total No.s

Load (W)

Total Load (kW)

Hours of Operation

Consumption / Day (kWh)

Annual Utilisation (days)

Annual Consumption (kWh)

Ceiling Fans 550 75 41.25 10 413 300 123750

Air Conditioner 87 1500 130.50 8 1044 300 313200

Television 10 100 1.00 2 2 264 528

Refrigerator 8 200 1.60 1 2 264 422

Electric Water Pump 2 3750 7.50 4 30 300 9000

Water Cooler 5 300 1.50 4 6 300 1800

Incandescent 12 60 0.72 4 3 264 760

CFLs 240 18 4.32 5 22 264 5702

Fluorescent Long 1650 55 90.75 8 726 264 191664

112

Fluorescent Short 20 14 0.28 4 1 264 296

Computers 80 100 8.00 10 80 300 24000

Printers 10 100 1.00 10 10 300 3000

Total 288.42 2248 674123


DG set I 320 KVA

DG Set II 250 KVA

Estimated energy supplied by DG set per year 342000 kWh

Diesel consumption per year 54000 Ltrs.




Amount of diesel saved per year 20344 Ltrs.

Emission reduction per year 84 tons

I. Output Voltage of the Power Plant: 440 V

II. Storage battery capacity: 300 kWh (3 hours backup for selected loads excluding ACs, coolers and water pump)

III. Building for housing the battery bank and plant control systems: Separate rooms within the building available

IV. Distribution Network (if any): The existing distribution network will be used V. Expected reduction in diesel consumption, if any: 38% (20344 liters per year)

System Components

Make and

Model

Capacity Numbers Indigenous/

Imported

PV Module Make: MNRE

approved supplier

Mono/ Multi

crystalline

200Wp at

STC

350 nos. Indigenous

Charge Controller/

Inverter

MNRE approved

supplier

70kW Integral part of

Power

Conditioning Unit

Indigenous

Power Conditioning

Unit

MNRE approved

supplier

70kW 1 no. Indigenous

Storage Battery Bank MNRE approved

supplier

300kWh 1 set. Indigenous

Performance Data

Acquisition System

BIS or equivalent NA 1 No Indigenous

Other components BIS approved or

equivalent

As

applicable

As required Indigenous

113

PART C: Implementation Schedule o Major Monitorable Milestones o Project Commissioning Timeline

Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of vendor. PART D: Performance Monitoring Mechanism:

Performance Data Monitoring (Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation , logging, compilation and sharing with MNRE)

Performance will be monitored with facilities for daily, monthly & annual power generation. Energy meters and data loggers will be installed accordingly.

Monthly monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any

Yes

Own Mechanism In built monitoring system with energy meter and data logger will installed

Third Party 5 years AMC will be signed with the supplier

Remote Monitoring (for SPV power plants having capacity above 5 kWp)

Yes

PART E: Project Cost and Financing Details.

i. Cost of Systems Hardware ii. Cost of transportation, insurance

iii. Cost of civil works and electrical works iv. Cost of installation and Commissioning v. Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years

vi. Any other related costs

Rs. 168.00 Rs.3.00

Rs. 13.00

Rs.13.00 Rs. 13.00

Rs. 2.00

Total Cost of Systems

Rs. 212.00

Sl.

No.

Activities

Progress Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Application/ clearance from MNRE

2 Procurement Process

3 Site survey & Engineering design

4 Erection of array mounting Structures

5 Module mounting and cabling

6 Installation of Power Conditioning Unit

7 Testing and commissioning

114

Total kWp SPV Capacity

70kWp

Means of Finance a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution of Beneficiaries organization c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital grant) e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if any f) Whether funds are in surplus or deficiency

a) TMC : Rs. 106.00 Lakh b) MNRE: Rs. 106.00 Lakh

Details of Project Revenue recurring, if any

NA

Project Duration

6 Months

PART F: Operation and Maintenance Arrangements The supplier will train engineers and technicians of RMC for day to day operation, monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc. - Detail of Operation and Maintenance Arrangements. The system will be procured with minimum 5 years comprehensive annual maintenance contract service. During this period engineers and technicians from RMC will be trained for O&M of the system. - Arrangement for Generation Data Collection (applicable for SPV Power Plants having more than 10 kWp capacity). Details of monitoring equipment proposed to be installed and method of supplying data to MNRE/ designated agency. As stated above - Method of monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any. DG set logbook is being maintained in the RMC. The same will be maintained to know in reduction of operating time of DG sets after installation of PV systems. The Solar system will - Strategy for training of the O&M Personnel of the Beneficiary Organization.

As stated above

115

PART G: Declarations and Certificates A. It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th June, 2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions. B. I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the Ministry. C. I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any other

agency for seeking support (In case proposal has been submitted to any other agency or under consideration all

details and a copy of the proposal must be submitted along with the present proposal).

D. I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without prior knowledge of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. E. I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any circumstances. Projects owned by the Programme Administrators are exempt from this condition. F. I confirm that the proposed solar PV system has not been installed/ supplied at the proposed sites or to the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry. G. There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent and to the best of our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the system at this site to MNRE for financial support. H. A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual supply and installation takes place. I. This is to certify that the various components of the SPV power plant will conform to the Relevant Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications (Annexure-3) for SPV modules and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant IEC/ BIS Certificates should be enclosed. J. It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the power plant proposed to be installed under the project. And for which the performance will be warranted. K. All technical parameters and warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in the guidelines issued by the Ministry. I confirm that in case of any dispute, the decision of Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India will be final and binding on all.

Signature _____________ Name & Designation

of Authorized Signatory Seal

Place: Date:

116

Annexure 4 :

Project Proposal for Stand Alone Solar PV Systems for Rajkot Municipal Corporation

under Development of Solar City Programme of MNRE

1. Title of the Project: Solar PV standalone system for Rajkot Municipal Corporation 2. Name of the Project Proponent: Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC). 3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project: Solar PV power plant generates clean electricity using sunlight thereby off set green house gases produced by

fossil fuel based power generating system. The country’s majority generation capacity is largely coal based and

produces high quantity of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. If the untapped solar energy potential is

realized carbon dioxide and other toxic gas emissions can be lowered by significant quantity and thereby saving

our environment. Therefore, every kilowatt of solar energy produced has to be seen from this angle as a small

but major step towards mitigation of carbon dioxide emission and subsequently combat climate change. A

cumulative capacity of 105kWp PV power plant will generate about 157500 kWh of clean electrical energy per

year and will reduce 126 tons of GHG per year. Use of solar streetlights and outdoor lights in the municipal

parks will ensure illumination of these areas during load shedding hours. Reliable traffic lights, blinkers and road

studs will increase road safety. Water pumps in the municipal parks will help in maintaining the parks green.

Municipal parks can avoid use of Diesel Generator sets as standby power supply system during load shedding

hours thereby reduces pollution and generation cost of electricity from DG sets. Use of Solar PV power plant

also reduces peak load, air-conditioner load in particular.


The proposed standalone PV systems in the RMC area will maintain a minimum illumination level in the roads

and parks of the municipal area during load shedding and will save 157500kWh per year which will save an

amount of 7.89 lakh from electricity bill per year. The systems will reduce peak load and will supply power

during load shedding hours thereby replace the use of diesel generator sets for standby power supply.

PV systems are becoming increasingly popular in India however; experience in O&M of such system in is very

low. The first hand experience PV system O&M train engineers and technical staff in Thane Municipal

Corporation, which will help in developing similar projects in future.

117


i

Name and Category of Project Proponent

a) Renewable Energy Service Providing Company (RESCO) b) Financial Institutions (Banks, NBFCs, MFIs) c) Financial Integrator d) System Integrator e) Program Administrator

Name of the Project Proponent:

Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot, Gujarat.

Category: Program Administrator.

ii

Name, Designation and Address of the Authorized Representative for Correspondence with telephone no., fax & email

Name: The Commissioner Address: Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot

iii

In case of Channel Partner other than Programme Administrator, the following information will be provided: a) Whether commercial or non-commercial. b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration No. & Date;

PAN/TAN No. c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years d) Annual Report of previous year e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any SPV projects

for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes, please furnish information.

NA

iv

In case of 1 (e), please indicate: a) Government Department, Autonomous Institution set up

by Central/ State Government, State Renewable Energy Development Agency, Public Sector Undertaking

b) Others

Autonomous Institution set by State Government (Urban Local Body)

PART-B: Details of the Project 1. Summary of the Proposal:

The City of Rajkot forms an important urban agglomeration of Gujarat State. Substantial portion of

Gujarat’s state domestic product originates in urban areas. The productivity of urban areas largely

depends upon the efficient urban land use and the efficiency of the urban infrastructure. For the

sustained economic growth of the city, therefore efficient delivery of urban infrastructure services

along with the expansion of services commensurate with the pace of urban population growth is of

crucial importance. This has necessitated the Rajkot Municipal Corporation to undertake the

preparation of VISION document for the city. The intent of vision for the city is to facilitate, promote

the economic growth of the city with special emphasis on environment of the city. The Corporation has

also focused on and aimed at improving the quality of life of the people, particularly the urban poor.

Keeping a holistic approach the Corporation tried to prepare a realistic action plan. Rajkot has been

approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as a solar city. Rajkot

118

Municipal Corporation (RMC) is the main organization which is responsible for urban governance and

civic management in the city of Rajkot. The corporation has a democratically elected leadership from

the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of the corporation boundaries. Rajkot Municipal

Corporation is a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has also come with the

added supportive policy framework from Gujarat Government for the implementation of renewable

energy initiatives.

It is proposed to install 1000 solar streetlights, 10 solar traffic lights, 50 solar blinkers, 2000 road studs, 200 outdoor lights for parks and 8 solar pumps in Thane Municipal Corporation as model Renewable Energy systems.

2. Details of Project site:

The Thane city is located at geographical coordinates of 22.8 N and 70.47 E. Average load shedding in the city reported be 4 hours per day. The streetlights, traffic lights, solar blinkers and road studs will be distributed in prime areas of the city. Outdoor lights and solar pumps will be installed in all the municipal parks. The average solar radiation on horizontal surface is 5.35kWh/m2/day. 3. Details of Project Beneficiaries:

Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) will be the direct beneficiary of the project. RMC is responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include water supply, sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management, buildings and roads, street lighting, maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and crematoriums, conservation of heritage sites, and registering of births and deaths. 4. Details of Proposed Systems:

I. Proposed capacity of the SPV Systems:

Solar System Proposed No. Proposed system Capacity/unit (Wp) Total capacity (kWp)

Solar Street Light 1000 74 74.00

Solar PV Traffic Lights 10 74 0.74

Solar Blinkers (37Wp) 50 37 1.85

Road Stud 2000 3 6.00

Outdoor lights for Parks 200 74 14.80

Solar Pumps for Parks 8 1000 8.00

105.39

II. Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant: Available III. Details of loads to be energized by Power Plant, calculations and justification for the proposed

capacity and expected annual energy generation Details of the loads to be energized by Power Plant:- As stated above

I. Output Voltage of the Power Plant: 12V II. Storage battery capacity: 3 days autonomy for all systems except solar pumps

III. Building for housing the battery bank and plant control systems: Not required IV. Distribution Network (if any): Not required (Standalone) V. Expected reduction in diesel consumption, if any: NA

119

System Components

Make and

Model

Capacity Numbers Indigenous/

Imported

PV Module Make: MNRE

approved supplier

Mono/ Multi

crystalline

100Wp/

74Wp/ 37Wp/

3Wp at STC

3340 nos. Indigenous

Charge Controller/

Inverter

MNRE approved

supplier

As required As required Indigenous

Power Conditioning

Unit

MNRE approved

supplier

Not required Not required Indigenous

Storage Battery Bank MNRE approved

supplier

As required As required Indigenous

Performance Data

Acquisition System

BIS or equivalent NA NA Indigenous

Other components MNRE approved MPPT required

for solar

pumps

As required Indigenous

PART C: Implementation Schedule o Major Monitorable Milestones

o Project Commissioning Timeline

Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of vendor. PART D: Performance Monitoring Mechanism:

Performance Data Monitoring (Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation , logging, compilation and sharing with MNRE)

Performance will be monitored through regular inspection.

Monthly monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any

NA

Own Mechanism NA

Third Party 5 years AMC will be signed with the supplier

Remote Monitoring (for SPV power plants having capacity above 5 kWp)

NA

Sl.

No. Activities Progress Months

1 2 3 4 5



3 Installation and commissioning

120


i. Cost of Systems Hardware ii. Cost of transportation, insurance

iii. Cost of civil works and electrical works iv. Cost of installation and Commissioning v. Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years

vi. Any other related costs

Rs. 252.00 Rs.5.00

Rs. 20.00

Rs.20.00 Rs. 20.00

Rs. 3.00

Total Cost of Systems

Rs. 320.00

Total kWp SPV Capacity

105kWp

Means of Finance a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution of Beneficiaries organization c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital grant) e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if any f) Whether funds are in surplus or deficiency

a) RMC : Rs. 160.00 Lakh b) MNRE: Rs. 160.00 Lakh

Details of Project Revenue recurring, if any

NA

Project Duration

6 Months

PART F: Operation and Maintenance Arrangements The supplier will train engineers and technicians of RMC for day to day operation, monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc. - Detail of Operation and Maintenance Arrangements. The system will be procured with minimum 5 years comprehensive annual maintenance contract service. During this period engineers and technicians from RMC will be trained for O&M of the system. - Arrangement for Generation Data Collection (applicable for SPV Power Plants having more than 10 kWp capacity). Details of monitoring equipment proposed to be installed and method of supplying data to MNRE/ designated agency. As stated above - Method of monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any. NA - Strategy for training of the O&M Personnel of the Beneficiary Organization.

As stated above

121

PART G: Declarations and Certificates A. It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th June, 2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions. B. I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the Ministry. C. I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any other



D. I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without prior knowledge of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. E. I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any circumstances. Projects owned by the Programme Administrators are exempt from this condition. F. I confirm that the proposed solar PV system has not been installed/ supplied at the proposed sites or to the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry. G. There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent and to the best of our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the system at this site to MNRE for financial support. H. A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual supply and installation takes place. I. This is to certify that the various components of the SPV power plant will conform to the Relevant Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications (Annexure-3) for SPV modules and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant IEC/ BIS Certificates should be enclosed. J. It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the power plant proposed to be installed under the project. And for which the performance will be warranted. K. All technical parameters and warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in the guidelines issued by the Ministry. I confirm that in case of any dispute, the decision of Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India will be final and binding on all.

Signature _____________ Name & Designation

of Authorized Signatory Seal

Place: Date:

122

Annexure 5 :

Project Proposals For Solar Thermal Systems/ Devices Under Develppment of Solar

City Programme of MNRE

1. Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Hospitals in Rajkot Municipal Area 2. Name of the Project Proponent : Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) 3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:

There are many benefits of from solar water heater, and number one is economics. Solar water heater

economics compare quite favorably with those of electric water heaters, while the economics aren't quite so

attractive when compared with those of gas water heaters. Heating water with the sun also means long-term

benefits, such as being cushioned from future fuel shortages and price increases, and environmental benefits.

Economic Benefits

Solar water heaters offered the largest potential savings compared to electric heating, with solar water-heater

owners saving as much as 50% to 85% annually on their utility bills over the cost of electric water heating.

Typical simple payback period of a solar water heating system is 2 to 3 years.

Tax Incentives and Rebates

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) offers subsidies on domestic as well as commercial solar water

heating systems installations. Government of India offers 80% depreciation claim in the first two years itself on

installation of commercial solar water heating systems.

Long-Term Benefits

Solar water heaters offer long-term benefits that go beyond simple economics. In addition to having free hot

water after the system has paid for itself in reduced utility bills, it contributes towards future fuel shortages

and price increases and reduce country's dependence on foreign oil.

Environmental Benefits

Solar water heaters do not pollute and contribute in reduction of GHG emission. A 100 LPD solar water heater

system when replaces an electric water heater, the electricity displaced over 20 years represents more than 30

tons of avoided carbon dioxide emissions alone.

4. Benefits of the proposed project: There are 134 hospitals Rajkot Municipal area out of which 128 hospitals with intake capcity less then 50 beds

and 13 hospitals with 50-100 beds. in It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in all hospitals in

RMC area. Total potential for solar water heating systems in the hospital sector is estimated to be 1014000

LPD. Complete installation of solar water heaters in the hospitals will save about 13.23MU electricity per year

and reduce about 11157 tons of GHG per year. The target for the first phase is to install 130000LPD solar water

heating systems in 60 hospitals.

Ministry of New and Renewbale Energy (MNRE) declared RMC as a “Solar City” and a master plan has been

prepared to reduce 10% energy consumption through renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. The

123

master plan sets a goal to reduce 230MU electricity per year within 5 years period. Implementation of solar

water heating projects in hospitals alone can contribute 5.75% towards the set goal.

Most importantly, hospitals will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free hot water within 2-3

years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may avail 80% depreciation

benefit in the first two years.


I Name and Category of Project Proponent




Rajkot Municipal Corporation,

Rajkot,Gujarat.


II Name, Designation and Address of the Authorized

Representative for correspondence with telephone

no, fax & email


Address: Rajkot Municipal

Corporation, Rajkot

III In case of Channel Partner other than Programme

Administrator, the following information will be

provided:

a) Whether commercial or non-commercial. b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration

No. & Date c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years d) Annual Report of previous year e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any

Solar Thermal project (s) for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes, please furnish information

NA

IV In case of 1 (e), Please indicate:

a) Government Department, Autonomous Institution set up by Central/ State Government, State renewable Energy development agency, Public Sector Undertaking

b) Others

Autonomous Institution set by

State Government (Urban Local

Body)

124

PART-B: Details of the Project

The City of Thane forms an important urban agglomeration of Maharashtra State. Substantial portion of

Maharashtra’s state domestic product originates in urban areas. The productivity of urban areas largely

depends upon the efficient urban land use and the efficiency of the urban infrastructure. For the sustained

economic growth of the city, therefore efficient delivery of urban infrastructure services along with the

expansion of services commensurate with the pace of urban population growth is of crucial importance. This

has necessitated the Thane Municipal Corporation to undertake the preparation of VISION document for the

city. The intent of vision for the city is to facilitate, promote the economic growth of the city with special

emphasis on environment of the city. The Corporation has also focused on and aimed at improving the quality

of life of the people, particularly the urban poor. Keeping a holistic approach the Corporation tried to prepare a

realistic action plan. Thane has been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed

as a solar city. Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) is the main organization which is responsible for urban

governance and civic management in the city of Thane. The corporation has a democratically elected leadership

from the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of the corporation boundaries. Thane Municipal

Corporationis a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has also come with the added

supportive policy framework from Maharasthra Government for the implementation of renewable energy

initiatives.

There are 455 hospitals in TMC area out of which 442 hospitals with less then 50 beds and 13 hospitals have

capacity of 50-100 beds. All the hospitals uses electric geysers to fulfill their hot water demand.

It is proposed to install solar water heaters in all the hospitals in phased manner as a part of solar city activities.

In the first phase, 10 hospitals of 50-100 bed capacity will be installed solar water heaters of capacity 3000LPD

each. Similarly, 50 hospitals having less then 50 beds will be installed with 2000LPD solar water heaters.

1. Details of Project site: The Thane city is located at geographical coordinates of 27.18 N and 78.02 E. The administrative building of

Thane Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city. Average annual solar radiation in Thane is

5.08kWh/m2/day.

2. Details of Project Beneficiaries: Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) will be the direct beneficiary of the project. TMC is responsible for

providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include water supply, sewage treatment

and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management, buildings and roads, street lighting, maintenance

of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and crematoriums, conservation of heritage sites, and registering of

births and deaths.

125

3. Details of Proposed Systems :

I. Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System is as below:

Unit capcity (LPD) Proposed Units Gross Capcity (LPD)

50-100 bedded hospitals 3000 10 30000

20- 50 bedded 2000 50 100000

II. Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (90 sqm for 3000LPD and 70sqm for 2000LPD system) is available in each hospital.

PART C:

Implementation Schedule

Major Monitorable Milestones

Project Commissioning Timeline

Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of technology partner.

PART D: Performance Monitoring Mechanism:

Performance Data Monitoring

(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation,

logging, compilation and sharing with MNRE)

Performance will be monitored with

facilities for daily, monthly & annual

power generation. Energy meters and

data loggers will be installed accordingly.

Monthly monitoring of reduction in

diesel/electricity/ other fuel consumption, if any. Yes

Own Mechanism In built monitoring system with energy

meter and data logger will installed

Third Party 5 years AMC will be signed with the

supplier

Yes

Sl.

No. Activities

Progress Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8



3 Site survey & ystem integration layout

4 Erection of collector mounting Structures

5 Installation of Collectors & storage tank

6 Distribution Pipings


126


i. Cost of Systems Hardware ii. Cost of transportation and insurance

iii. Cost of civil works and electrical works iv. Cost of installation and commissioning v. Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years

vi. Any other cost

211.00Lakh 4.00Lakh

16.00Lakh 16.00Lakh 20.00Lakh

4.00Lakh

Total Cost of the Systems/Project 251.00Lakh

Total Capacity & Collector Area 130000LPD (2600sqm)

Means of Finance

a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution of Beneficiaries

organization c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital

grant) e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if any f) Whether funds are in surplus or

deficiency

a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution from beneficiaries: 165.20Lakh c) CFA from MNRE 85.80Lakh

Details of Project Revenue recurring, if any NA

Project Duration 6 months

127

PART F: Operation and Maintenance Arrangements

The supplier will train engineers and technicians of TMC / hospital authority for day to day operation,

monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning etc.

- Detail of Operation and Maintenance Arrangements.

The system will be procured with minimum 5 years comprehensive annual maintenance contract service.

During this period engineers and technicians from TMC/ hospital will be trained for O&M of the system.

- Arrangement for Energy Savings Data Collection

(i) Flow meter will be installed where in manual recording of the reading will be maintained in a log. The reading will be taken on a regular periodic basis.

(ii) Data logging system for recording water temperature would be installed. This system will keep a log of the cold water and hot water at the inlet and outlet of the SWH system respectively.

(iii) Energy delivered in kcal by the SWH system will be calculated based on the quantity of the water consumed and temperature rise of the water (Δt).

(iv) The flow meter reading needs to be taken regularly and average from the temperature logging system needs to be noted regularly.

(v) Collected data will be reported to MNRE/ designated agencies on regular basis

- Method of monitoring of reduction in conventional fuel consumption, if any. – NA

- Strategy for training of the O&M Personnel of the Beneficiary Organization.

As stated above

128

PART G: Declarations

It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th June,

2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry of New

and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions.

I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the Ministry.

I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any other



I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without prior

knowledge of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any circumstances.

Projects owned by the Programme Administrators are exempt from this condition.

I confirm that the proposed solar thermal system(s) have not been installed/supplied at the proposed sites or to

the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry.

There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent and to

the best of my / our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the systems at these

site(s) to MNRE for financial support.

A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual supply

and installation takes place.

In case of System Integrators, the beneficiaries will be charged net of MNRE subsidy towards cost of systems

installed by them at their respective places.

I confirm that in case of any dispute, the decision of Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,

Government of India will be final and binding on all.

Signature _____________

Name & Designation of Authorized Signatory

Seal

Place:

Date:

129

Annexure

DETAILS OF SYSTEMS TO BE INSTALLED

Sl. no

Systems to be installed

Type of systems/ collector to be used*

Place(s) of installation**

No. of systems

No. of collectors/ dishes

Total collector area (sq. m)

Applicati

on

Total cost of systems/ units including AMC for 5 yrs (apprx)

Subsidy sought from MNRE @ Rs.3300/sq. m

State subsidy to be availed if any @ Rs. ----

Expected date of completion

1 Solar

water

heatin

g

syste

ms

Flat plate type

a) Domestic

b) Others 50 beded

Hospitals

10 300 600 Hot

water

58.00 Lakh 19.80 Sept

2011

<50 bedded

hospitals

50 1000 2000 Hot

water

193.00 Lakh 66.00

60 1300 2600 251.00 85.80

ETC type

a) Domestic

b) Others

Storage cum

collector

type

* Only those systems will be eligible for subsidy which have BIS/MNRE standards/ specifications or have

approval from test centers of MNRE

** For domestic systems, only area of operation/implementation will be mentioned

This is to certify that the various components of the Solar Thermal System (s) conform to the Relevant

Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications for Solar Collectors

and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant BIS/MNRE Certificates/specifications should be

enclosed.

Note: It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the system(s) to be

installed under the project and for which the performance will be warranted. All technical parameters and

warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in the guidelines issued by the

Ministry.

(Signature & Seal of Channel partner)

as Head of Organization

130

Annexure 6 :

Project Proposals for Solar Thermal Systems/ Devices Under Development of Solar City Programme

of MNRE

1. Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Hotels and Restaurants in Thane Municipal Area 2. Name of the Project Proponent : Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) 3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:





Economic Benefits








Long-Term Benefits









There are about 925 restaurants and food carts in Thane Municipal area out of which 150 restaurants are of

medium size, 49 are large, 409 are small and 320 are food carts. There are 5 three star category hotels and 23

budget hotels in the municipality area. It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in hotels and

restaurants in TMC area based on the hot water demand and available area for installation of such systems.

Total potential for solar water heating systems in the hotels and restaurants is estimated to be 546000 LPD.

Complete installation of solar water heaters in the hospitals will save about 9.69MU electricity per year and

reduce about 6665 tons of GHG per year. The target for the first phase is to install 140000LPD solar water

131

heating systems in two 3 star rated hotels, 5hotels, 10 large restaurants, 20 medium restaurant and 50 small

restaurant.

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) declared TMC as a “Solar City” and a master plan has been



water heating projects in hotels and restaurant can contribute 4.20% towards the set goal.

Most importantly, hotels and restaurants will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free hot

water within 2-3 years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may avail 80%

depreciation benefit in the first two years.






Thane Municipal Corporation,

Thane , Maharashtra.




no, fax & email


Address: Thane Municipal

Corporation, Thane



provided:

a) Whether commercial or non-commercial. b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration No.

& Date c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years d) Annual Report of previous year e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any Solar

Thermal project (s) for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes, please furnish information

NA



b) Others



Body)

132















Corporations a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has also come with the added

supportive policy framework from Maharashtra Government for the implementation of renewable energy

initiatives.

There are about 925 restaurants and food carts in Thane Municipal area out of which 150 restaurants are of

medium size, 49 are large, 409 are small and 320 are food carts. There are 5 three star category hotels and 23

budget hotels in the municipality area. It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in hotels and

restaurants in TMC area based on the hot water demand and available area for installation of such systems. The

target for the first phase is to install 140000LPD solar water heating systems in two 3-star category hotels, 5

budget hotels, 10 large restaurants, 20 medium restaurant and 50 small restaurant.



5.08kWh/m2/day.





births and deaths.

3. Details of Proposed Systems : Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System:

Beneficiaries Capacity of SWH (LPD) Target Total Capacity (LPD)

3-Star Hotels 5000 2 10000

Budget Hotels 2000 5 10000

Large Restaurant 3000 10 30000

133

Medium Restaurant 2000 20 40000

Small Restaurant 1000 50 50000

Total 140000

I. Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (175 sqm for 5000LPD, 100 sqm for 3000LPD, 70sqm for 2000LPD system and 35sqm for 1000LPD) is available in the proposed hotels and restaurants.

PART C: Implementation Schedule

















supplier

Yes

Sl.

No. Activities

Progress Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8



3 Site survey & system integration layout



6 Distribution Piping


134




vi. Any other cost

213.00Lakh 4.00Lakh


4.00Lakh


Total Capacity & Collector Area 140000LPD (2800sqm)

Means of Finance

a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution of Beneficiaries

organization c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital

grant) e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if

any f) Whether funds are in surplus or

deficiency

a) Contribution of Project Proponent

b) Contribution from

beneficiaries: 178.60Lakh

c) CFA from MNRE 92.40Lakh




The supplier will train engineers and technicians of TMC / hotels/restaurant authority for day to day operation,

monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning etc.



During this period engineers and technicians from TMC/ hotels/restaurants will be trained for O&M of the

system.






135


- Method of monitoring of reduction in conventional fuel consumption, if any. - NA


As stated above

136
























Signature _____________


Seal

Place:

Date:

137

Annexure

DETAILS OF SYSTEMS TO BE INSTALLED Sl. no




No. of systems



Application





1 Solar

water

heatin

g

syste

ms

Flat plate type

a) Domestic

b) Others 3-star rated hotels 2 100 200 Hot water

Hotels 5 100 200 Hot water

Large Restaurants 10 300 600 Hot water

Med Restaurant 20 400 800 Hot water

Small Restaurant 50 500 1000 Hot water

Total 90 1400 2800 Hot water 271.00Lac 92.40Lac 178.60Lac Sept 2011

ETC type

a) Domestic

b) Others

Storage cum

collector

type



** For domestic systems, only area of operation/implementation will be mentioned




enclosed.




Ministry.



138

Annexure 7 :

Project Proposals for Solar Thermal Systems/ Devices Under Development of Solar

City Programme of MNRE

1. Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Residential Apartment Buildings in Thane Municipal Area

2. Name of the Project Proponent : Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) 3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:





Economic Benefits








Long-Term Benefits









There are about 8000 residential apartment building Society Thane Municipal area which accommodate about

160000 famlies. Generally hot water demand of residents is met from electric geysers. These electric geysers

can be replaced with solar water heating system based on the availability of space to install such system in the

apartment buildings. If 10% of such apartment complex are installed with solar water heating system of

capacity, total solar water heating systems will be 1600,000LPD which will save about 18.90MU electricity per

year and reduce about 15120 tons of GHG per year.

139

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) declared TMC as a “Solar City” and a master plan has been



water heating projects in hotels and restaurant can contribute 8.21% towards the set goal.

Most importantly, hotels and restaurants will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free hot

water within 2-3 years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may avail 80%

depreciation benefit in the first two years.






Thane Municipal Corporation,

Thane, Maharashtra.




no, fax & email


Address: Thane Municipal

Corporation, Thane



provided:

a) Whether commercial or non-commercial. b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration

No. & Date c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years d) Annual Report of previous year e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any

Solar Thermal project (s) for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes, please furnish information

NA



b) Others



Body)

140















Corporations is a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has also come with the added

supportive policy framework from Maharashtra Government for the implementation of renewable energy

initiatives.

There are about 8000 residential apartment building Society Thane Municipal area which accommodate about

160,000 families with an average of 20 families per apartment. It is proposed to install solar water heaters in

800 apartments (10% of total apartment) to provide hot water to about 16000 families using solar water

heating systems of 160,000LPD capacity.



5.08kWh/m2/day.





births and deaths.

3. Details of Proposed Systems :

I. Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System:

Beneficiaries No. of

families

Capacity of

SWH (LPD)

Target Total Capacity (LPD)

Residential Apartment 20 2000 800 160,000

141

II. Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (70sqm for 2000LPD system) is available in the proposed apartments.

PART C: Implementation Schedule

















supplier

Yes

Sl.

No. Activities

Progress Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8



3 Site survey & system integration layout



6 Distribution Piping


142




vi. Any other cost

244.00Lakh 5.00Lakh


5.00Lakh


Total Capacity & Collector Area 160,000LPD (3200sqm)

Means of Finance

a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution of Beneficiaries organization c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital grant) e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if any f) Whether funds are in surplus or deficiency

a) Contribution of Project Proponent b) Contribution from beneficiaries: 208.40Lakh c) CFA from MNRE 105.60Lakh



143


The supplier will train engineers and technicians of TMC / housing society for day to day operation, monitoring

and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning etc.



During this period engineers and technicians from TMC/ housing society will be trained for O&M of the system.







- Method of monitoring of reduction in conventional fuel consumption, if any. - NA


As stated above

144
























Signature _____________


Seal

Place:

Date:

145

Annexure

DETAILS OF SYSTEMS TO BE INSTALLED Sl. no




No. of systems



Application





1 Solar

water

heatin

g

syste

ms

Flat plate type

a) Domestic Apartment

complex

800 16000 32000 Hot

water

314.00Lac 105.60Lac 208.40Lac Sept.2011

b) Others

ETC type

a) Domestic

b) Others

Storage cum

collector

type



**For domestic systems, only area of operation/implementation will be mentioned




enclosed.




Ministry.



146

Annexure 8 : List of Figures

Figure 1 : Rajkot City map .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 2 : Trend in Electricity Consumption (MU) in Rajkot .................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 3 : Sector Wise Break-Up of Electricity Consumption ................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 4 : Shares of Fuels in Supply Side Energy Balance ........................................................................................................................ 20

Figure 5 : Household Classification ................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 6 : Lighting Inventory and Usage ........................................................................................................................................................ 22

Figure 7 : Awareness and Usage of Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Technologies ........................................................ 23

Figure 8 : Consumer Classification (kWh/month) ...................................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 9 : Lighting Technology Used by Consumers ................................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 10 : Awareness and Usage of Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies .................................................................................... 26

Figure 11 : Share of GHG Emissions by Fuel Usage ....................................................................................................................................... 30

Figure 12 : Forecasting for Energy Consumption (MU) based on population growth .................................................................... 32

Figure 13 : Forecasting of Energy Consumption (MU) based on historical data .............................................................................. 33

Figure 14 : Energy Consumption Forecasts Based On 25 Cities Data .................................................................................................... 34

Figure 15 : Year wise energy savings targets for Rajkot Solar City ........................................................................................................ 89

Figure 16 : Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Rajkot ............................................................................................ 98

Figure 17 : Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for Rajkot Solar City ........................................................................................................... 98

Figure 18 : Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for Rajkot Solar City ............................................................................................................ 99

Figure 19 : Year wise sharing of budget for Rajkot Solar City Programme ........................................................................................ 99

147

Annexure 9 : List of Tables Table 1 : PGVCL Statistics for Rajkot .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Table 2 : Gujarat Solar Policy Energy Sale Tariffs .................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 3 : Renewable Energy Systems installed through Rajkot Municipal Corporation ........................................................... 13 Table 4 : CDM projects in Rajkot district ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 Table 5 : Electricity Consumption in Rajkot City ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Table 6 : LPG Consumption Data in Rajkot City ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 7 : Petrol Consumption Data in RMC .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 8 : Diesel Consumption Data in RMC .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 9 : Kerosene Consumption Data in RMC ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 10 : Supply Side Energy Balance in RMC for 2007-2008 .............................................................................................................. 19 Table 11 : Residential Sector Energy Consumption .................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 12 : Energy Balance for Residential Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 13 : Summary of Sample Survey ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Table 14 : Commercial Sector Energy Usage ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Table 15 : Energy Balance for the Sector for the Year 2007-08 ............................................................................................................. 23 Table 16 : Summary of Commercial establishments/institutes in the City ........................................................................................ 24 Table 17 : Commercial Appliances Inventory ................................................................................................................................................ 25 Table 18 : Interest shown by Consumers for Solar Water Heaters ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 19 : Industrial Sector Energy Consumption ....................................................................................................................................... 28 Table 20 : Energy Balance for Industrial Sector .......................................................................................................................................... 28 Table 21 : Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption (MU) ........................................................................................................... 29 Table 22 : Electricity Consumption in Municipal Buildings ..................................................................................................................... 29 Table 23 : Energy Consumption for Street lighting (MU) ......................................................................................................................... 29 Table 24 : Electricity Consumption in Water Pumping (MU) .................................................................................................................. 29 Table 25 : Energy Consumption in waste water treatment plant (MU) .............................................................................................. 29 Table 26 : Year wise Population of Rajkot City ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Table 27 : Population Projection till 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Table 28 : Energy Consumption Projection (MU) ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Table 29 : Energy Consumption Projection for Rajkot City ...................................................................................................................... 33 Table 30 : Energy consumption projection for Rajkot City (MU) ........................................................................................................... 34 Table 31 : Forecasting of Energy Consumption for Rajkot City under different Growth Rates ................................................. 35 Table 32 : Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/Day) ...................................................... 38 Table 33 : Monthly averaged wind speed above earth surface for terrain similar to airports (m/s) ..................................... 38 Table 34 : Biomass Resource ................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Table 35 : Daily waste generation in tons/day and % depending on the type of waste ............................................................... 38 Table 36 : Target for SWHs installation in Rajkot City .............................................................................................................................. 39 Table 37 : Target for introducing Solar Cooker in Rajkot City ............................................................................................................... 40 Table 38 : Target for introducing solar lanterns in Rajkot City ............................................................................................................. 41 Table 39 : Target for introducing solar home system in Rajkot City .................................................................................................... 42 Table 40 : Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Rajkot City ................................................................................ 42 Table 41 : Target for replacement of diesel generator sets with PV Power Pack in Rajkot City ............................................... 43 Table 42 : RE System for Residential Apartments ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Table 43 : Summary of RE Strategy for Residential sector in Rajkot City .......................................................................................... 45 Table 44 : Case Study of Budget Hotel .............................................................................................................................................................. 46 Table 45 : Summary of RE strategy for Hotels .............................................................................................................................................. 48 Table 46 : Case Study of Restaurant .................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Table 47 : Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants .................................................................................................................................. 51 Table 48 : Case Study of 50 bedded hospital .................................................................................................................................................. 51

148

Table 49 : Case Study for 20 bed hospital ....................................................................................................................................................... 53 Table 50 : Summary of RE systems for Hospitals ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Table 51 : Target for Introducing Solar Cookers in Primary Schools .................................................................................................. 55 Table 52 : Summary of RE strategy for educational institutes ............................................................................................................... 56 Table 53 : RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector........................................................................................................... 56 Table 54 : RE Strategy for Industrial Sector .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Table 55 : RE Strategy for RMC Municipal Sector........................................................................................................................................ 58 Table 56 : RE Systems for Shopping Complexes ............................................................................................................................................ 58 Table 57 : RE Systems for Outdoor lights, Road safety .............................................................................................................................. 59 Table 58 : Summary of RE Strategy for outdoor light and road safety ............................................................................................... 59 Table 59 : Renewable Energy Systems for Parks .......................................................................................................................................... 60 Table 60 : Summary of RE Strategy for Rajkot Corporation Parks ....................................................................................................... 60 Table 61 : Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector in Rajkot ..................................................................................................... 61 Table 62 : Municipal Solid Waste Characterization ................................................................................................................................... 61 Table 63 : Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion ...................................................................................................... 62 Table 64 : Waste to Energy through bio-methanation .............................................................................................................................. 62 Table 65 : Waste to Energy from Sewage Treatment Plant ..................................................................................................................... 63 Table 66 : Summary of waste to energy potential in Rajkot City........................................................................................................... 64 Table 67 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent .......................................................................................................... 67 Table 68 : T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast ................................................. 68 Table 69 : Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans .............................................................................................. 68 Table 70 : Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs ......................................................................... 69 Table 71 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators ......................................................... 69 Table 72 : Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps ............................................................ 70 Table 73 : Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector ........................................................................................................................ 70 Table 74 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent .......................................................................................................... 71 Table 75 : Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light .............................................................................................................................. 72 Table 76 : Replacement of Conventional Fans .............................................................................................................................................. 73 Table 77 : Replacement of Conventional Air-Conditioners with EE Star Rated ACs ...................................................................... 73 Table 78 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators ......................................................... 74 Table 79 : Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Institutional Sector ....................................................................................... 74 Table 80 : Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector ............................................................................................. 75 Table 81 : Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights .............................................................................................................................................. 75 Table 82 : Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans ..................................................................................................... 76 Table 83 : Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs................................................................................................. 76 Table 84 : Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector ......................................................................................................................... 80 Table 85 : Replacement of 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED .............................................................................................................. 81 Table 86 : Replacement of 150 watt HPSV light with 56 watt LED ...................................................................................................... 81 Table 87 : Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights...................................................................................... 82 Table 88 : Application of Power Savers in Street lights ............................................................................................................................. 82 Table 89 : Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads) ....................................................... 84 Table 90 : Variable Speed Drivers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 84 Table 91 : Power saver installation in pump house .................................................................................................................................... 85 Table 92 : Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads) ....................................................... 85 Table 93 : Variable Speed Drivers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 86 Table 94 : Power saver installation in pump house .................................................................................................................................... 86 Table 95 : Summary of EE Strategy for Municipal Sector ........................................................................................................................ 86 Table 96 : Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period .............................................................................. 88 Table 97 : Year wise Goal of Energy Savings (Please zoom in for better view) ................................................................................ 90 Table 98 : Physical target of RE systems and EE devices .......................................................................................................................... 91 Table 99 : Physical Target and Action Plan (Please zoom in for better view) .................................................................................. 92

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Table 100 : Pilot Projects in Residential Sector ......................................................................................................................................... 96 Table 101 : Pilot Projects in Commercial and Institutional Sector .................................................................................................... 96 Table 102 : Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector ............................................................................................................................................ 96 Table 103 : Pilot Projects in Municipal Sector ............................................................................................................................................ 96 Table 104 : Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication ........................................................................... 97 Table 105 : Sharing of budget for development of Rajkot Solar City ................................................................................................ 97 Table 106 : Sector wise total budget and annual expenses ................................................................................................................ 100 Table 107 : Budget and Sharing of fund (Please zoom in for better view) .................................................................................. 101 Table 108 : Potential Carbon Market Benefit .......................................................................................................................................... 103

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Annexure 10 : References & Bibliography

1. “India Power Scenario”, Young India Inc

2. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/natural-resource-solar-power-potential, 11.08.09, map credit: Hugo Althenius,

UNEP/GRID – Arendal

3. http://www.igreenspot.com/solar-powered-city-concept/, 12.08.09

4. “Solar and Sustainable Cities: Renewable Energy Information on Markets, Policy, Investment and Future

Pathways”, Eric Martinot, http://www.martinot.info/solarcities.htm, 10.08.09

5. “India: Addressing Energy Security and Climate Change”, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Power,

Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India

6. http://www.indiasolar.com/ren-india.htm, 12.08.09

7. “Solar Radiation Handbook 2008”, Solar Energy Centre, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian

Meteorological Institute

8. http://www.mnre.gov.in/

9. Source: MSEDCL

10. Source: State oil Coordinator (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)



13. http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DesignatedConsumers/main.htm,

http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/en/UI/AboutLPG.aspx

14. Source: MSEDCL, state oil Coordinator (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)

15. Source: MSEDCL and State Oil Coordinator

16. Rajkot CDP

17. Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/ ; http://www.mnre.gov.in/

18. Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/

19. Source: Biomass Resource Atlas of India (http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/Default.aspx)

20. Source: http://mnes.nic.in/shp-state/maharashtra.htm

21. (Source: Rajkot Report)

22. http://www.mnre.gov.in/

23. Case-study booklet on Renewable Energy. 2009

24. Source:GEDA

25. Anil Dhussa: Presentation “ Biogas in India”, Methane to Markets Partnership – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee

April 22, 2004

26. CII. 2005. Development of small ESCOs to undertake biomass gasification projects for industrial applications.

Report prepared for MNES. Confederation of Indian Industries.

27. Basic Information Sourced from: Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation 2000.

28. (Biomtheanation of Vegetable Market Waste – Untapped Carbon Trading Opportunities K. Sri Bala Kameswari, B.

Velmurugan, K. Thirumaran and R.A. Ramanujam. Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather

Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, India Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid

Waste Management,5 - 7 September 2007, Chennai, India. Pp.415-420)

29. (Energy Revolution, Green Peace International)

30. Renewable Energy: Economic and Environmental Issues, Pimental et al)

31. (A roadmap for renewable energy risks, Lloyd).

32. Source: Green Peace

http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/natural-resource-solar-power-potential

http://www.igreenspot.com/solar-powered-city-concept/

http://www.martinot.info/solarcities.htm

http://www.indiasolar.com/ren-india.htm

http://www.mnre.gov.in/

http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DesignatedConsumers/main.htm

http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/en/UI/AboutLPG.aspx

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/


http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/

http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/Default.aspx

http://mnes.nic.in/shp-state/maharashtra.htm


151

CONTACT

Emani Kumar

Dwipen Boruah

ICLEI – Local Government for Sustainability, South Asia

Ground Floor,

NSIC – STP Complex, NSIC Bhawan,

Okhla Industrial Estate,

New Delhi – 110020, India

Tel : +91- 11-4106 7220

Fax: +91 – 11 – 4106 7221

E-mail: [email protected]

Website : www.iclei.org/sa


http://www.iclei.org/sa

Solar City Master Plan of Rajkot

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