SOLAR AIR-COLLECTOR SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING

(DESALINIZATION) OF WATER

Cooperative Sona July, 2016

Situation Now

•97 % saline water from the sea

•2.5 % frozen fresh water

•The last 0.5 % corresponds to the available freshwater

•1 billion people live without improved drinking water sources

•one-half of all people in the developing world are suffering from one or more diseasesassociated with water supply and sanitation (diarrhoea, ascaris, dracunculiasis,hookworm, schistosomiasis and trachoma)

By 2025

•global population growth and climate changes will only exacerbate the problem

•1,8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity

•two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditionsSource: WHO

The Problem

The Problem

The Solution

Key Desalination Technologies

Key Desalination Technologies

Costs of Desalinated Water

Tyoe of water Plant capacity (m3/d) Costs (€/m3)

Breckish water RO≤ 20 3,85 – 8,84

20 - 1.200 0,54 – 0,90

40.000 – 46.000 0,18 – 0,37

Seawater RO

≤ 100 1,00 – 12,85

250 – 1.000 0,86 – 2,69

1.000 – 4.000 0,48 – 1,19

15.000 - 60.000 0,31 – 1,12

100.000 - 320.000 0,36 – 0,45

MSF≤ 100 1,71 – 6,85

12.000 – 55.000 0,65 – 1,02

≥91.000 0,36 – 0,69

MED 23.000 – 528.000 0,36 – 1,20

VC 1.000 – 1.200 1,38 – 1,82

Renewable Energy-

Powered Desalination

Renewable Energy Sources Currently Utilized for Desalination

• Renewable energy powered water recylcling(desalination) attractive solution in remote regions with lowpopulation density and poor infrastructure for fresh waterand electricity

• Local population depends on desalination for potablewater

• Currently, worldwide desalination capacity surpasses 70million m3/day

• Renewable-powered desalinization represents <1% of theworld’s desalination capacity

Percentage of country populations that will be water stressed in the future

Desalination Markets

Desalination Markets By Regions

By “Water Type”

Desalination Markets

We can cover all

Pos. Component

1 Source of water

2 Filter

3 Feedwater Storage

4 Humidifier

5 Condenser

6 Fan

7 Solar Air Collectors

8 Water Pump

9 Heat exchanger

10 Clean water Storage

11 Water Mineralizer

12 Waste Water Storage

Diagram of SONA Solution

Technology Capacity (m3/day) Production Cost ($/m3)

Solar Still 0.1 1 – 5

Solar MED 1-100 2 – 5

Solar MD 0.1-10 8 – 15

CSP-MED >5000 1.8 – 2.2

PV-RO <100 5 – 7 (BW); 9 – 12 (SW)

PV-ED <100 8 – 9

Wind-RO 1000 1.5 – 4

Wind-MVC <100 4 – 6

SONA <10 1 – 5

Solar Powered Desalination by SONA

Among the Best

Cost estimates for desalinated water are site-specific

Investment into SONA solution depends on:•Electric power availability•Chosen technology and components design:

• Investment costs vary widely between thermal and membrane desalination plants• For similar production capacity thermal processes require larger footprint, higher specific energy (electrical

and thermal) and have more expensive equipment than SWRO processes. On the other hand thermal distillate has higher quality than RO distillate and don’t require pre-treatment.

•Plant size - the higher the plant capacity, the lower the total water cost and investment cost per volume of water•Geographical location and site-specific characteristics - land cost and water transmission•Quality of the feed water

• Salinity, temperature, intake arrangement and required produced water quality - all influence the final cost as these parameters affect pre-treatment and post-treatment as well as operation and management costs and life-expectancy of the components.

•Energy price and availability - energy consumption has a major impact in final water cost•Financing specifics - amortization period, inflation•Operation and management - equipment replacement, skilled labour costs and training requirements.

SONA Solution Investment

• Clean and safe drinking water in affected areas improves the quality of people life andmitigate the devastating effects of disease on the people.

• Methods for clarification and disinfection of drinking water typically used in the developedworld are usually not feasible in the developing world.

• A number of complicating factors make the gap in resources between the developed anddeveloping world impossible to bridge with the same technologies.

• The project focuses primarily to develop and start production of flexible modular compounddevice intended for recycling of water using solar energy in environments where drinkingwater is scarcity and where conventional energy sources as electricity or oil are not available.

• Basic condition for the acquisition of drinking water is that the desired location has sufficientnon-refined water, as for example sea water, swamp, fountain, spring, river etc. The devicemakes available drinking water from polluted water or salt water using solar energy.

Why SONA Solution?