SOLAR ABSORPTION CHILLER

FINAL SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT

MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

GROUP 3

Robert MartinJuan Aristizabal Mikail Williams Dr. Andres Tremante

MEMBERS ADVISOR

OBJECTIVE

Design a transportable air conditioning system using solar

energy and absorption chiller technology.

MOTIVATION

Renewable energy

Abundant free source of energy: SUN!

Waste heat

Reduce carbon emissions

Reduce chlorine based refrigerants

GLOBAL COMPONENT

GLOBAL COMPONENTWFC-SC5 Manual (English)

Who can benefit from this project?

Environment: by reducing carbon and chlorine emissions

World-wide disaster and remote applications

Reduce global electrical consumption

Improvement and utilization of solar energy technology

GLOBAL COMPONENTWFC-SC5 Manual (French) WFC-SC5 Manual (German)

DESIGN PROCESS

ASSUMPTIONSParameter Given

Heat Medium 120 °F

Heat Input 25.1 kW

Vessel Pressure 80 mm Hg

Lithium-Bromide Quality 50 %

Water Temperature 120 °F

Li-Br Temperature 168 °F

Cooling Capacity 17.6 kW

CHW Target Temperature 44 °F

COMPONENTS SELECTION

ABSORPTION CHILLER CYCLE

Chiller Component

Heat Transfer

(kW)Generator 25.1Condenser 20.4

Absorber 22.3Evaporator 17.6

TOTAL 85.4

HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS

¿ System Component

ΔT (°F)

CP

(J/kg-K)QT

(W) (GPM)

Generator 12 4180 25100 14.3

Condenser 15 4180 20400 9.3

Evaporator 10 4180 17600 12.0

Absorber 12 4180 22300 12.7

Waste Heat Recovery 20 4180 42700 14.6

ABSORPTION CHILLER SELECTION

YAZAKI WFC-SC5 ABSORPTION CHILLER

Cooling Capacity 5 Tons (17.6 kW)

Cooling Output: 44.6 °F Water

Heating Medium: 120 °F Water

PUMP SELECTIONPump

Number

PowerFlow Rate Capability

(GPM)

Head Capability

(Ft)Pump to Use

HP kW

1 0.100 0.0746 14 142410 High Capacity

Circulator

2 0.082 0.061 20 5 IL-110 Inline Circulator

3 0.100 0.0746 16 6 IL-110 Inline Circulator

4 0.100 0.0746 12 162410 High Capacity

Circulator

5 0.040 0.0298 14 2 IL-007 Inline Circulator

Total 0.404 0.302      

‘Taco © Pump Selection Application’

TESTING CONDITIONS FOR EFFICIENCY

MonthGI

(Btu/ft2/day)*Month

GI (Btu/ft2/day)*

January 990 July 1500

February 1150 August 1550

March 1410 September 1300

April 1610 October 1230

May 1610 November 1010

June 1560 December 900

Ambient temperature: 95 °F

Temperature in: 110 °F

Temperature out: 120 °F* Information taken from the University of Tennessee

SOLAR COLLECTOR SELECTION

ΔT ≈ 30 °F

SOLAR COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

Summer Month Solar Skies

SS-16ApricusAP-30

March 66% 41%April 67% 41%May 67% 41%June 67% 41%July 66% 41%

August 67% 41%

Winter Month

Solar Skies SS-

16ApricusAP-30

January 65% 39%February 66% 40%

September 66% 40%October 66% 40%

November 65% 39%December 65% 38%

SOLAR COLLECTOR QUANTITY

𝐸𝑖𝑛=𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡+𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝑨𝑺𝑷=¿¿𝐸𝑖𝑛=𝐴𝑆𝑃 ∙ 𝐼𝑆 cos𝜃 𝐼

¿𝜂=

𝐸𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙

𝐸𝑖𝑛

SOLAR COLLECTOR SELECTION

SOLAR SKIES SS-16 FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR

Collector type: Glazed Flat Plate

Gross Area: 15.45 ft2

SRCC Efficiency Equation:

= 0.687 – 0.59833 (P/G) – 0.00192(P2/G)

PV ANALYSIS

FIU-EC Panels

Charging Station

(5) Trials

(4) Hours each

Variable weather

PV ANALYSIS

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 250

50

100

150

200

250

PV PowerTrial 4

Power Read Power In Power Out

Time Period (Hours)

Pow

er (W

)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 2505

10152025303540

PV Voltages and AmperagesTrial 4

Voltage In (V) Voltage Out (V) Amps In (A) Amps Out (A)

Time Period (Hours)

Qua

ntity

Mea

sure

d

PV PANELS SELECTION

SUPPLIER EFFIENCY COSTAnapode Solar 15.85% $2,129.13

Solar World 16.03% $2,120.00MiaSole 15.5% $2,108.27

SunPower 21.5% $2,300.00

Total Pump Power: 350 W

Design Output: 1 kW

SYSTEM MODELING

ABSORPTION CHILLER ANDWASTE HEAT RECOVERY COIL

ABSORPTION CHILLER HEAT RECOVERY COIL

SOLAR PANELS

PV PANEL FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR

WATER STORAGE TANK AND PUMPS

80 GALLOR WATER STORAGE TANK SOLAR WATER PUMPS

SYSTEM LAYOUT

Solar Heat

CollectorsAbsorption Chiller

Tank

AHU Recovery

Waste Heat

PIPING LAYOUT

PROPOSED DESIGN

Component Manufacturer Cost

Absorption Chiller Yakazi WFC-SC5 $25,000

Flat Plate Solar Collector (4) Solar Skies SS-16 $3,800

Storage Tank (80 gal) Lochnivar $2,125

Solar Pumps(5) Taco Inline

Circulators$1,500

PV Panels (3) SunPower X21-345 $2,300

Controls, Piping Varies $8,000TOTAL $41,675

PROTOTYPE

PROTOTYPE

Component CostSolar Evacuated Tubes $300

Piping $100PV Panels $150

Circulator Pumps $100Misc – Display/Controls/

Parts/Wiring$300

TOTAL $950

GENERATOR

ABSORBER

CONDENSER

EVAPORATOR

W.H.R

SOLAR PUMP

SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

EVACUATED TUBE DEMO

PV PANEL

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDSSystem Component Design Standard Used Standard Description Absorption Chiller:

WFC-SC5UL Listed Available Listing

NEM4 Cabinet Rating

Solar Water Heating:Solar Skies SS-16

ISO/IEC 17065 Accreditation

SRCC OG-100Operating Guidelines and

Minimum StandardsCertification #: 2011050J  

Thermal Storage Tank ASME Sec. VII U  

PV Panels:SunPower X21-345

UL 1703; IEC 61215; IEC 61730 Standard Tests

ISO 9001(2008); ISO 14001(2004) Quality Tests

RoHS; OHSAS 18001(2007) EHS ComplianceIEC 62716 Ammonia TestIEC 61701 Salt Spray Test

1000V PID TestCEC; UL; TUV; MCS Available Listings

CONCLUSIONAccurate engineering analysis

Achieved goals

Provided effective renewable energy technology

Collected and recycled waste heat

Used thermal radiation to heat water and generate electricity

Intended future design

RECOMMENDATIONS

Hybrid Panels

Increase Efficiency; Reduce Cost

Increase Portability; Reduce Size

Install absorption chiller to test

Increase PV panel efficiency

Improve thermal storage

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU!