SOL LOOSE ENDS & TIPSBEFORE SOL•Eat a good breakfast

•Get a good night sleep

•Study vocab –

•Practice SOL’s online quizzes

WHILE TAKING TEST•USE TOOLS (computer, paper, dictionary)

•Study the picture/graph/diagram before you read question

•Use Process of Elimination (usually 2 easy wrong answers)

•Reread questions & use common sense approach

•Interpret graphs with each answer:

•Multiple answers ?’s – start with easiest answer first!

•Don’t be intimidated – go after the test like it owes you money!

VIRUSNON-LIVING! – have DNA, reproduce, evolve but needs a host cell. (very small & nonliving!)

• Pathogens- things that can cause disease - ex flu & HIV

•Treatment : Prevention with Vaccinations

•Virus (antibodies + Immune system )

•Immunity can be boosted by Vaccines.

BACTERIAUnicellular, prokaryotic organisms belonging to Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria ~ cell wall

• Pathogens- things that can cause disease - Strep throat, E. Coli

•Treatment : Antibiotics

•Antibiotic resistance: bacteria reproduction so fast that they are evolving to fight off antibiotics

2 Kingdoms

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

PROTISTSunicellular & eukaryotic: evolved into plants animals & fungi.

• Protozoans - classified by movement

•Plant Like: Fungi like: BOTH! EUGLENA

FUNGIEukaryotic- mostly multicellular organisms – cell walls –more than one nucleus ~~~Decomposers or Parasites ~~~. •Examples:

•Mushrooms, mildew, mold

& YEAST(a unicellular fungi)

•Reproduce Asex: by: SPORES

•Fungi used in:

•Making antibiotics

•Cheese

•Food

PLANTS1. - contains eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic organisms. ~

Have Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

2. Land plants evolved from GREEN ALGAE.

ANIMALS - InvertebratesWithout a backbone

• INCLUDES:

•SPONGES (porifera)

•Cnidarians (jellyfish & coral)

•Worms

•Mollusks

•Insects

•Crustaceans arthropods

•Arachnids (segmented body)

PHYLUM INVERTEBRATE CHARATREISTICS(without a backbone)

EXAMPLES

Sponges(porifera)

Asymetry, filter feeder, asexual reproduction Sponges

Cnidarians(cnidarian)

Stinging cells, nerve net, asexual or sexual, radial symmetry

Jellyfish, Coral

MOLLUSKS(mollusca)

Soft bodied, unsegmented, “stomach foot” cold blooded, open circulatory system

Snail, slugs, clams, musselsoctopus

Annelids(Annelida)

Segemented bodies, closed circulatory system Earthwormsleeches

ARTHROPODS(arthropoda)

Segmented bodies “Jointed” Exoskeleton, molting (shedding) for growth,

Cold Blooded, most diverse class Bilateral symmetry,

Invertebrate

3 DIFFERENT CLASSESCrusteacea:

crayfish, crabs, lobsterInsecta:

bee, butterfly, ant.Arachnids:

Ticks, spiders, Scorpians

ANIMALS - VertebratesWith a backbone

• INCLUDES: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals•Ectothermic

•Endothermic

•Ectoskeleton

•Endoskeleton

PHYLUM CHORDATA

CLASS

VERTEBRATE CHARATREISTICS(with a backbone)

EXAMPLES

FISH Cold blooded, lay eggs, endoskeleton, Bilateral symmetry Trout, shark

AMPHIBANS Live on both land and water, lay eggs, Bilateral symmetry, cold blooded (ectothermic)

Frogs, salamandars

REPTILES(reptilia)

Cold blooded (most), Scales, Ectothermic, Internal fertilization but lay eggs

lay leathery eggs on land (evolutionary advantage)scales led to feathers in birds

LizardTurtleSnake

BIRDS (aves) Feathers, (most fly)Internal fertilization but lay eggs

warm blooded, closed circulatory system,hollow bones (adaptation for flight)

4 chambered heart (energy)

OwlHawk

Penquin

MAMMALS(mammalia)

Mammary glands, Hair, live young,Internal fertilization & gestation

closed circulatory system, endoSkeleton,hollow bones (adaptation for flight)

4 chambered heart (energy)

HumansDogCat

MouseRat

Monkey

Population Growth Curves

BOOM and BUST:

TYPE of GROWTH CURVES

CURVE SHAPE WHAT CAUSES IT? EXAMPLES

Exponential Growth:

SHOW:SHOW:

Population Growth Curves

SAW TOOTH:

TYPE of GROWTH CURVES

CURVE SHAPE WHAT CAUSES IT? EXAMPLES

S-shaped curve:

SHOW: