The International Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL):The International Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL):Systems Approach to Diversity and AdaptationSystems Approach to Diversity and Adaptation

SOL Genomics Network

• Formed in 2003 to answer two questions:– How can a common set of genes give rise to such

a wide range of morphologically and ecologically distinct organisms that occupy our planet?

– How can a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of plant diversity be harnessed to better meet the needs of society in an environmentally-friendly and sustainable manner?

Lynn Bohs

More than 3,000 Solanaceae species world-wide. Major evolutionary progress in South America unaltered by ice-ages and fueled by extreme climates.

2n=2x=24 950 Mb

2n=2x=24 950 Mb2n=2x=24 3000 Mb

2n=4x=24 1800 Mb

2n=2x=24 1300 Mb 2n=2x= 22 ca. 1000 Mb

SOL Tomato Sequencing

• Genome size of 950 Mb. ~35,000 genes.• 25% DNA lies in gene-dense euchromatin

regions.• Anchor BACs to genetic map

(S. esculentum x S. pennellii F2) then choose new BACs based on sequenced ends. Verify physical location by FISH.

Comparable Maps

• Arabidopsis:– Arabidopsis COSII

• Eggplant:– Eggplant-LXM 2002

• Pepper:– Pepper-FA03– Pepper-AC99

• Potato:– Potato-TXB 1992

• Tobacco:– Tobacco SSR 2007

• Tomato:– Tomato FISH map– Tomato-EXPIMP 2001– Tomato-EXHIR 1997– Tomato-EXPIMP 2008– Tomato-EXPEN 1992– Tomato-EXPEN 2000– Tomato IL map (2)– Tomato physical map– Tomato FPC map– Tomato AGP map

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

euchromatineuchromatin

heterochromatinheterochromatin

AT-rich satellite DNAAT-rich satellite DNA

Short arm

Centromere

Long arm

24 26 26 19 11 20 27 17 16 10 13 11 T=220Mb*U

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UK

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* Euchromatin portion

The 10 missions of SOL

1) Sequence the reference tomato genome using BAC minimal tiling paths.

2) Develop deep EST databases and shotgun genomic sequences for other Solanaceae crops as well as SNP analysis of diverse germplasm.

3) Construct COS maps and interspecific introgression resources for all SOL crops

4) Establish a saturation set of mutagenesis lines and cloned gene specific tags (GST).

5) Construct a comprehensive phylogenetic and geographical distributional

information network. 6) Apply transcription, proteomic & metabolic profiling to explore chemical and

developmental evolution.

7) Apply non-destructive ‘Real Time’ physiology and phenotyping.

8) Improve the efficiency of plant breeding -- especially through use of natural diversity.

9) Educate the public about the value of biodiversity, domestication and plant

improvement. 10) Develop an international bioinformatics platform which will facilitate a systems

approach to SOL research.