SOL 5

Ancient Greece

Greece

• Physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, & political development of Greece.

• The expansion of Greek civilization through trade & colonization, led to the spread of Hellenistic culture across the Mediterranean.

Geography

• Located on the Balkan and Peloponnesus peninsula

• You SHOULD be able to locate Athens, Sparta, and Macedonia

Economic, Social, & Political Development

• Limited arable land due to mountains• Commerce & the spread of Hellenic culture• Shifted from a barter economy to money economy• The Mountainous terrain created separate city-states.

– Isolated the cities; made them independent. • Greek cities were designed to promote civic &

commercial life• Poor farm land and overpopulation caused them to

colonize in search of arable (farmable) land

Religion

• Greek Mythology– Polytheistic– Offered explanations on: Natural phenomena,

human qualities, and life events• The important gods– Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite

• Hint: If it is NOT a name of a planet, then it’s probably Greek.

– Symbols & images in Western literature, art & architecture

Social

• Athens – Direct Democracy• Sparta- Oligarchy

• All citizens were FREE ADULT MALES who had political rights and civic (government) responsibility– NO women, slaves, or foreigners allowed!

Athens

• Evolution of Government:– Monarchy to Aristocracy to Tyranny to Direct

Democracy• Important people are Draco and Solon• They were Tyrants who pushed for reform (Change)

• Known for Direct Democracy , Public debate, & duties of the citizen

Sparta

• Government style was an OLIGARCHY– Means rule by a small group of people– Very militaristic and aggressive*Remember the movie 300

Persian Wars

• Persia v. Athens and Sparta (United)• Important battles– Marathon and Salamis

• Result– Greece won, which allowed Athens to preserve its

independence and continue innovations in government and culture• Also known as the Golden Age of Pericles

Peloponnesian War

• Athens (Delian League) v. Sparta (Peloponnesian League)

• Sparta won• Result- slowing of culture and weakening of

political power in Greece

Golden Age of Pericles

• When?– Mostly between the Persian and Peloponnesian

Wars• What happened?– Pericles extended democracy– Athens is rebuilt (Parthenon)

Important People

• Aeschylus and Sophocles—Drama• Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) – Poetry• Herodotus and Thucydides – History• Phidias – Sculpture• Archimedes and Hippocrates (Medicine) –

Science• Euclid and Pythagoras – Mathematics• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA) - Philosophy

Parthenon

Macedonia and Hellenistic culture

• Philip II– King of Macedon and Conquered most of Greece

• Alexander the Great– Established an Empire from Greece to Egypt and parts of

India– Adopted Greek culture & spread Hellenistic influences

throughout his empire– Extended Greek cultural influences

• Hellenistic Age– Blend of Greek and oriental elements– Spread through trade (& conquest)

Alexander’s Empire

Show Me What You Know

Which list would best describe the people in the picture?

A. Roman Gods & Goddesses

B. Greek Gods & Goddesses

C. Norse Gods & Goddesses

D. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses Picture of Zeus, Hades, Apollo, Hera,

Aphrodite, Athena, Ares, Poseidon, Hephaestus & Artemis.

The Parthenon was rebuilt by this man, who also extended democracy.

A. PericlesB. XerxesC. HerculesD. Draco

What is an oligarchy?

A. Rule by peopleB. Rule by a king/queenC. Rule by a tyrantD. Rule by a small group

What was the biggest significance of the Persian Wars?

A. Athens & Sparta realized their differences were too great, and they had to fight each other

B. Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire.

C. It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon

D. Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

What was the biggest significance of the Peloponnesian War?

A. Athenian victories at Marathon & Salamis left the Greeks in charge of the Aegean Sea

B. Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire.

C. It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon

D. Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

Which leader conquered most of Greece, & became its leader, after the Peloponnesian War?

A. Alexander the GreatB. Ivan the GreatC. Philip IID. Ramses II

Which leader had an empire that stretched this far?

A. Alexander the GreatB. Darius the GreatC. Ramses the GreatD. Ivan the Great

“I swear to fulfill to the best of my ability this covenant: I will do no intentional harm, I will try to benefit the sick, I will respect

the privacy of my patients…”

Which of the following Greeks would have made this quote?

A. SophoclesB. HomerC. HerodotusD. Hippocrates