SOKL_KawarthaLakesFisheries
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Kawartha Lakes Fisheries
Dan Taillon – Peterborough DistrictMike Rawson – Kawartha Lakes
Fisheries Assessment Unit
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Presentation Outline
• ‘State’ of the Kawartha Lakes Fishery– Index netting data– Angler creel data
• Fisheries Management in FMZ 17– Ecological Framework for Recreational
Fisheries Management– FMZ 17 Advisory Council– FMZ 17 Fisheries Management Planning
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State of the Fisheries Resource
Photo: C. Giles
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Lake Sampling
• Trap Netting– Passive gear– Size selective– Vulnerable– Catchability– Examples: Nearshore
Community Index Netting (NSCIN), End of Spring Trap Netting (ESTN), Spring Index Netting (SIN)
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Lake Sampling
• Gill Netting– Size selectivity– Passive gear– Examples: Fall Walleye
Index Netting (FWIN), Summer Profundal Index Netting (SPIN), Broad-Scale Monitoring (BsM)
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Fisheries Indicators
• Abundance– Among lake comparisons– Trend through time
• Population Structure – Size and age distribution – looking for balance
and consistency
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Fish Community
0
6
12
18
24
Bio
mas
s (k
g/ne
t)
WA
L
SM
B
LMB
MS
K
RB
PS
BG BC
1960s TN1970s SIN
1980s SIN1990s SIN
2000s SIN2000s ESTN
2000s NSCIN
Rice Lake
• Decline in walleye and pumpkinseed biomass over time• Increase in biomass of bass, muskie• Emergence of new species (black crappie, bluegill)• No decrease in total biomass (kg/net)• Similar pattern across FAU lakes
0
5
10
Biom
ass
(Kg/
Net
)
WAL
SMB
LMB
MSK BC R
B PS BG1960s TN
1970s TN1980s SIN
1990s SIN2000s SIN
2000 ESTN2000 NSCIN
Balsam Lake
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Walleye Abundance Through Time
• Based on trap netting data• Dramatic declines on Rice, Scugog• Balsam and Buckhorn – consistent, low abundance• Abundance highly variable within lakes
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Num
ber o
f Wal
leye
/ N
et L
ift
BALSAM BUCKHORN RICE SCUGOG
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Walleye• FWIN Catch low on most lakes• Comparable to southern region averages
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Bals
am -
98
Bals
am -
01
Bals
am -
02
Bals
am -
03Ba
lsam
- 04
Bals
am -
05
Cam
eron
- 01
Stur
geon
- 01
Stur
geon
- 06
Pige
on -
00
Pige
on -
04C
hem
ung
- 00
Che
mun
g - 0
4
Buck
horn
- 00
Buck
horn
- 04
Ric
e - 9
9
Ric
e - 0
3
Ric
e - 0
6Sc
ugog
- 02
Scug
og -
06
Belm
ont -
99
Cro
we
- 99
Dal
rym
ple
- 99
Four
Mile
- 01
Sand
y - 0
1
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
(G
eom
etric
Mea
n C
UE
)
FMZ 17 Average
SR Average
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Relative Abundance of Species in Nearshore Community Index Netting
0
50
100
150
12 15 16 17 18
Cat
ch /
Net
-Lift
BC
BG
PS
RB
LMB
SMB
WA
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Trends in the Fishery
Photo: M. Brown
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Angler Effort
• A general decline in total angler effort, but still high
• ~1.25 million hours on FAU lakes/year (most recent creels)
• Dramatic decline in walleye targeted effort
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YearAn
gler
Effo
rt (R
od H
ours
per
Hec
tacr
e)
Balsam- Total Rice - Total Tri-Lakes - Total Scugog - Total
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Angl
er E
ffort
(Rod
Hou
rs p
er H
ecta
cre)
Balsam - Walleye Rice - Walleye Tri-Lakes - Walleye Scugog - Walleye
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Targeted Species• Lake specific fisheries• ‘Anything’ becoming more common
0
20
40
60
80
100
% o
f Tot
al E
ffort
Walleye Largemouth bass Smallmouth bass MuskellungePanfish Yellow perch Northern Pike Anything
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Tri-Lakes Creel
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
Bass Catch Bass Harvest
Walleye Catch Walleye Harvest
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Fisheries Management in the Kawartha Lakes
Photos: C. Giles
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FMZ 17
• 9,360 km2
• Coldwater streams– Lake Ontario tribs– ORM flowing north
• 64 lakes larger than 5 ha – 12 > 1,000 ha– Rice Lake = 9200 ha– Total lake area ~
45,000 ha
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0
400
800
1200
1600
Lake
Nipi
gon
Eagle
Lake
Lac D
es M
illes L
acs
Bobs L
ake
Whit
efish
Lake
Lake
Tamag
ami
Lac S
eul
Pigeon
Lake
Rainy L
ake
Lake
Sup
erior
Lake
Scu
gog
Lake
St. C
lair
Bay of
Quin
te
Lake
Nipi
ssing
Rice La
ke
Trent S
ystem
Lake
Sim
coe
Lake
of th
e Woo
dsLa
ke E
rie
Georgi
an Bay
Lake
Onta
rio
P, S, R
, Tren
t
Lake
Huro
n#
Day
s * 1
000
# Days Fished on Specific Lakes
Data from: 2000 Survey of Recreational Fishing in Ontario.
Pigeon Lake
Lake ScugogRice Lake
Trent System TOTAL
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A new approach
• Individual lake management has increased complexity of regulations
• Broader spatial and temporal scale better approach
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Research Monitoring, & Reporting
FMZ Councils & public participation
FisheriesGoals & Strategies
Actions• Regulations• Education• Rehabilitation• Protection• Stewardship• Stocking• Enforcement• Etc.
Adaptive Management
Cycle
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Ecological Framework
• The EFFM consists of three components:– New regulatory framework– Increased public involvement in decision
making process– Monitoring and reporting
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New Fisheries Management Zones
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FMZ Advisory CouncilsRole of the Advisory Council:
– advise the MNR– work with existing stewardship groups– help with public consultation
Together: – Identify and prioritize issues– Examine of available information – Set goals and objectives– Development management strategies
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FMZ 17 Advisory Council
• One of three pilot councils in Ontario• Established in 2007• Providing input and advice to aid in the
development of a Fisheries Management Strategy for the zone
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FMZ 17 Advisory Council
• OFAH• Ontario BASS
Federation• Muskies Canada• Cold Creek Flyfishers• Ontario Chinese
Anglers Association• Anglers (3)
• Bait Industry• Tourism (3)• First Nations (3)• Peterborough Field
Naturalists• FOCA• Lake Association (1)• Academia• Stewardship Councils
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FMZ 17 Fisheries Management Strategy
• Currently working with the FMZ 17 Advisory Council to:– Identify fisheries management objectives– Identify a suite of potential management
actions• Ecosystem approach• Targeting early 2009 for broad public
consultation– Implementation in 2010
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• For each Fisheries Management Zone (FMZ) – Describe the current and
changing state of the resource
– Describe the current and changing pressures on the resource
– Produce a periodic report on state of the resource
Broad Scale Monitoring of Inland Lakes
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“What” we measure
AbundanceSizeAgeMaturationContaminantsDisease
State Indicators Pressure Indicators
“Fishery”
species
BathymetryTemperatureOxygenWater clarityWater
chemistry
Habitat
Fish speciesZooplanktonBenthos
Community
Angling effort
Exploitation
Aerial effortsurvey
Spring water sampling
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Proposed Netting Method• Summer sampling • Two types of gillnets
– Large mesh (North American standard)
– Small mesh (Ontario standard)
• Stratified random sampling– Stratify by depth– Random sites within depth
strata• Overnight sets (18+ hour)
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Research Monitoring, & Reporting
FMZ Councils & public participation
FisheriesGoals & Strategies
Actions• Regulations• Education• Rehabilitation• Protection• Stewardship• Stocking• Enforcement• Etc.
Adaptive Management
Cycle