National Soil Information System Soil Databases National Soil Information System.
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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.4
NAME-SANVEG DINKARCLASS-10TH “A”
ROLL NO.1032
GUIDED BY:- RUPA MAM
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TOPIC
SOIL THE BASIC & MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCE
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DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES DEVELOP IN DIFFERENT
CLIMATES.
Soils-4-1
Image: T. Loynachan
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TUNDRA SOILS FORM IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS, HAVE A DARK ORGANIC-RICH UPPER LAYER, AND A MINERAL RICH LAYER OVER FROZEN GROUND.
Soils-4-7Images: Travis Hudson, Alaska/Yukon Society of Professional Soil Scientists
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ORGANIC SOILS ARE DARK COLORED, RICH IN DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER, AND FORM IN POORLY DRAINED LOWLANDS SUCH AS SWAMPS AND WETLANDS.
Soils-4-5
Images: Bruce Molnia, Soil Classifiers of Michigan
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TROPICAL SOILS ARE REDDISH AND IRON-OXIDE RICH, DEPLETED IN NUTRIENTS, AND FORM IN HUMID AND WARM REGIONS.
Soils-4-4Images: National Cooperative Soil Survey, University of Nebraska
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FOREST SOILS HAVE A LIGHT GRAY UPPER HORIZON, A HORIZON RICH IN ALUMINUM AND/OR IRON, AND FORM IN WARM TO COOL HUMID REGIONS WHERE CONIFEROUS FORESTS GROW.
Soils-4-3Image: Bruce Molnia
Image: Soil Classifiers of Michigan
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PRAIRIE SOILS HAVE A DARK SURFACE LAYER (HORIZON), ARE RICH IN MINERALS, AND FORM IN GRASSLANDS WIDESPREAD ACROSS EARTH’S MIDDLE LATITUDES.
Soils-4-2
Images: NRCS
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Where does soil come from?
•Rocks•Minerals
•Organic Matter
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oA
E
B
C
R
TOP SOIL
SUBSOIL
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Sagebrush-Cold Desert
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WHAT ARE THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF SOIL?
Mineral Matter Air
Water Organic Matter
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SOIL COMPONENTSidealized soil
SOIL SOLIDS
WATER FILLED PORES
AIR FILLED PORES
50 %
25 %
25%
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Soil Components (volume basis)
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Note: clays are microscopic in size !
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Soil separate particle diameter (mm)____________________________
Sand . . . . . . . . . 2.0 - 0.05
Silt . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 - 0.002
Clay . . . . . . . . . . <0.002
SAND
SILT CLAY
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Clay mineralsphotographedwith an electronMicroscope.
Note: they are plateor flake like andare stacked on topof each other.
They are electricallycharged and act likemagnets that attractand hold plantnutrients.
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What causes soil erosion?
WaterWind
No Vegetation
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For agriculture soil is important
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What are the FACTORSthat make SOIL?
TIME1000’S TO 10,000’S OF YEARS
LAY OF THE LANDTOPOGRAPHY
LIVING ORGANISMSANIMALS AND PLANTS
CLIMATEHOT/COLD, WIND/RAIN
PARENT MATERIALROCKS AND MINERALS
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Physical land features
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How can we manage soil??Soil Management, the basis of all scientific
agriculture, which involves six essential practices:
proper tillage; maintenance of a proper supply of organic
matter in the soil; maintenance of a proper nutrient supply; control of soil pollution; maintenance of the correct soil acidity; and control of erosion.
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WHAT ARE SOME PERACTICES OF SOIL
CONSERVATION?Terracing
Strip CroppingContour Plowing
TillingWind Breaks
Ground Covers
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Contour Farming
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