Soil Survey of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument ... · Soil Survey of Grand...

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

NaturalResourcesConservationService

Soil Survey ofGrand Staircase-EscalanteNationalMonument Area,Parts of Kane andGarfield Counties,Utah

In cooperation withUnited States Departmentof the Interior,Bureau of LandManagement,and theUtah AgriculturalExperiment Station, theUtah Soil ConservationCommission, and theUtah Association ofConservation Districts

This copy of the survey has higher resolution pictures than those in GSENM.pdf. The higher resolution pictures will allow for superior printing in some circumstances.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets, which precedes thesoil maps. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unitssymbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which liststhe map units by symbol and name and shows the pagewhere each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which tablehas data on a specific land usefor each detailed soil map unit.Also see the Contents forsections of this publication thatmay address your specificneeds.

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How to Use This Soil Survey

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Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on theNatural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. Theaddress is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effortof the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, Stateagencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations and local agencies. The NaturalResources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) hasleadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2003. Soil names anddescriptions were approved in 2003. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in thispublication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2003. This survey was made by theNatural Resources Conservation Service in cooperation with the United StatesDepartment of the Interior Bureau of Land Management and the Utah AgriculturalExperiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Upper SevierAssociation of Conservation Districts, Kane County Association of ConservationDistricts, and Canyonlands Association of Conservation Districts.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of thesemaps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at alarger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all ofits programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,political beliefs, sexual orientation and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited basesapply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means forcommunication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2,600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC20250-9410, or call 202-720-5,964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunityprovider and employer.

Cover: From the upper left corner, moving clockwise: Circle Cliffs, The Blues,Bryce Canyon National Park, and Fifty-Mile Mountain.

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Cover ....................................................................... 1How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3Foreword ............................................................... 13Introduction ........................................................... 15

How This Survey Was Made ............................... 15Climate ................................................................... 17Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 19

Map Unit Descriptions ......................................... 205001—Mido loamy fine sand, 2 to 15

percent slopes ....................................... 205002—Dune land ............................................ 205003—Milok, cool-Barx, dry complex,

1 to 5 percent slopes ............................. 215004—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone) ....... 225006—Milok fine sandy loam, cool, 2 to

8 percent slopes .................................... 225007—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone)-

Nalcase complex, 2 to 30 percentslopes .................................................... 23

5008—Simel complex, 2 to 60 percentslopes .................................................... 23

5009—Wayneco sandy loam, dry, 2 to 15percent slopes ....................................... 24

5010—Retsabal-Lemrac complex, 2 to60 percent slopes .................................. 25

5011—Badland (Carmel Formation)-Rizno, cool-Nonip complex, 5 to 25percent slopes ....................................... 26

5012—Santrick-Nalcase-Bispen complex,2 to 30 percent slopes ........................... 27

5013—Mido-Yarts complex, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................... 28

5015—Mespun fine sand, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................... 29

5017—Skos, dry-Mido-Arches, drycomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ............ 30

5018—Skos channery loam, dry, 5 to 30percent slopes ....................................... 31

5019—Skos, dry-Rock outcrop (CarmelFormation)-Arches, dry complex,15 to 60 percent slopes .......................... 31

5020—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone)-Mespun-Nalcase complex, 2 to 30percent slopes ....................................... 32

5021—Milok, cool-Anasazi, cool complex,2 to 8 percent slopes ............................. 33

5023—Tsaya channery loam, 5 to 25percent slopes ....................................... 34

5025—Yarts sandy loam, 2 to 8 percentslopes .................................................... 35

5026—Rock outcrop (Entrada and CarmelFormation sandstone) ............................ 36

5027—Badland (Tropic Formation Shale)-Cannonville-Rock outcrop (DakotaFormation) complex, 30 to 50percent slopes ....................................... 36

5028—Badland (Entrada Formation) ............... 375029—Rock outcrop (Straight Cliffs

Formation)-Atchee family, steep-Chilton family complex, 50 to 80percent slopes ....................................... 37

5030—Catahoula-Clapper, dry complex,15 to 60 percent slopes .......................... 38

5031—Moclom-Rock outcrop (MorrisonFormation) complex, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................... 39

5032—Remorris-Kenzo, steep-Rockoutcrop (Morrison and EntradaFormations) complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ....................................... 40

5033—Yarts fine sandy loam, 15 to 40percent slopes, eroded ........................... 41

5034—Nonip very channery loam, 5 to 25percent slopes ....................................... 41

5035—Earlweed-Mido complex, 2 to 30percent slopes ....................................... 42

5037—Barx fine sandy loam, 2 to 10percent slopes ....................................... 43

5038—Mido-Rock outcrop (EntradaFormation) complex, 5 to 40 percentslopes .................................................... 44

5040—Sazi-Milok, cool complex, 2 to30 percent slopes .................................. 44

5041—Seeg, warm-Pagina complex, 2to 15 percent slopes .............................. 45

5042—Moenkopie, warm-Moepitz-Rockoutcrop (Carmel Formation) complex,10 to 30 percent slopes .......................... 46

Contents

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5043—Daklos, steep-Rock outcrop(Morrison Formation and RomanaMesa Sandstone) complex, 30 to 70percent slopes ....................................... 47

5044—Dient very stony loam, 15 to 50percent slopes ....................................... 48

5046—Moffat-Sheppard-Nakai complex,2 to 30 percent slopes ........................... 48

5047—Moffat-Seeg, warm-Mack, moistcomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ............ 50

5049—Moffat-Mack, moist complex, 1 to 5percent slopes ....................................... 51

5050—Daklos-Arches, dry complex, 2 to15 percent slopes .................................. 52

5052—Yarts-Suwanee complex, 1 to 8percent slopes ....................................... 53

5053—Milok fine sand, 2 to 8 percentslopes .................................................... 53

5055—Mivida-Barx, dry complex, 1 to 8percent slopes ....................................... 54

5057—Arches, dry-Mident-Yartscomplex, 2 to 40 percent slopes ............ 55

5058—Earlweed-Mivida complex, 2 to 20percent slopes ....................................... 56

5059—Mivida-Yarts, moist complex,2 to 8 percent slopes ............................. 57

5060—Ranion-Suzipon-Rock outcrop(Navajo Sandstone) complex,2 to 30 percent slopes ........................... 58

5061—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone)-Suzipon-Peekaboo complex, 2 to 30percent slopes ....................................... 59

5062—Peekaboo-Spooky-Suziponcomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ............ 60

5063—Rock outcrop (Navajo and CarmelFormations)-Moenkopie, warm-Needlecomplex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .......... 61

5065—Trail-Sheppard complex, 2 to 10percent slopes ....................................... 62

5067—Ranion-Peekaboo complex, 2 to 20percent slopes ....................................... 63

5068—Seeg, warm-Moffat-Needlecomplex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ............ 64

5069—Rock outcrop (Entrada Formation)-Nepalto, moist complex, 2 to 8percent slopes ....................................... 65

5071—Somorent-Rock outcrop (MorrisonFormation) complex, 15 to 40 percentslopes .................................................... 66

5073—Kenzo-Nalcase complex, 2 to15 percent slopes .................................. 66

5074—Evpark-Vessilla complex, 2 to 15percent slopes ....................................... 67

5075—Shalona sandy loam, 2 to 8 percentslopes .................................................... 68

5076—Daklos-Catahoula complex, 2 to30 percent slopes .................................. 69

5077—Gompers family-Rock outcrop(Straight Cliffs Formation)-Sheecalfamily complex, 50 to 80 percentslopes .................................................... 70

5078—Arabrab-Vessilla-Colskel complex,2 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 71

5079—Colskel-Arabrab-Vessilla complex,15 to 50 percent slopes .......................... 72

5080—Moffat-Moepitz complex, 2 to 25percent slopes ....................................... 73

5081—Badland and Rock outcrop (StraightCliffs and Wahweap Formations)-Kydestea family complex, 50 to 80percent slopes ....................................... 74

5082—Colskel-Menefee-Arabrab complex,2 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 75

5083—Colskel-Menefee complex, 15 to50 percent slopes .................................. 76

5085—Hillburn very channery loam, 10 to70 percent slopes .................................. 77

5086—Mespun-Bispen-Santrick complex,2 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 78

5087—Kenzo, steep-Rock outcrop(Kayenta Formation) complex, 15 to50 percent slopes .................................. 79

5088—Calcree-Bowington-Mespuncomplex, 0 to 20 percent slopes ............ 80

5089—Bowington-Mespun complex, 0 to15 percent slopes .................................. 81

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5090—Baldfield clay, saline, 2 to 8percent slopes ....................................... 82

5091—Brumley fine sandy loam, 2 to 8percent slopes ....................................... 83

5092—Rock outcrop (Navajo Formation)-Navigon complex, 30 to 60 percentslopes .................................................... 83

5093—Robay-Strell complex, 5 to 30percent slopes ....................................... 84

5094—Aridic Ustorthents-Yatne complex,15 to 70 percent slopes .......................... 85

5095—Daklos-Hideout-Rock outcrop(Straight Cliffs Formation) complex,2 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 86

5096—Daklos, steep-Rock outcrop(Straight Cliffs Formation) complex,15 to 50 percent slopes .......................... 87

5097—Skyvillage-Daklos, saline-Rockoutcrop (Wahweap Formation)complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ............ 88

5098—Daklos, saline-Skyvillage, saline-Cannonville complex, 15 to 50percent slopes ....................................... 89

5100—Rock outcrop (Wingate Formation)-Arches, dry complex, 2 to 10 percentslopes .................................................... 90

5101—Polychrome family-Badland (ChinleFormation)-Gaddes family complex,15 to 60 percent slopes .......................... 91

5102—Chinchin-Badland (Chinle Formation)complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes .......... 92

5103—Barx-Remorris complex, 5 to 45percent slopes ....................................... 92

5104—Rock outcrop (ShinarumpConglomerate)-Hideout complex,5 to 50 percent slopes ........................... 93

5105—Atchee-Lazear, dry-Rock outcrop(Shinarump Conglomerate) complex,5 to 60 percent slopes ........................... 94

5106—Hillburn, dry-Badland (MoenkopiFormation) complex, 25 to 60 percentslopes .................................................... 95

5107—Simel-Hillburn, dry complex, 5 to45 percent slopes .................................. 96

5108—Hillburn, dry-Rock outcrop(Moenkopi Formation) complex,10 to 60 percent slopes .......................... 97

5109—Nonip, dry-Rock outcrop(Moenkopi Formation) complex,15 to 50 percent slopes .......................... 97

5110—Reef very channery sandy loam,5 to 25 percent slopes ........................... 98

5111—Nonip extremely channery sandyloam, dry, 5 to 50 percent slopes ........... 99

5112—Barx-Radnik, moist-Progresso,dry complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...... 100

5114—Meriwhitica, moist-Mellenthincomplex, 5 to 15 percent slopes .......... 101

5115—Sanostee, warm-Daklos-Hideoutcomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 102

5116—Stent-Minchey complex, 2 to 15percent slopes ..................................... 103

5117—Sheppard-Badland (Carmel andEntrada Formations) complex,5 to 30 percent slopes ......................... 104

5118—Mido-Kenzo-Rock outcrop(Carmel Formation) complex, 2 to30 percent slopes ................................ 105

5120—Pinepoint-Flatnose complex,2 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 106

5121—Trail-Riverwash complex, 0 to 5percent slopes ..................................... 106

5122—Mido-Mivida complex, 2 to 15percent slopes ..................................... 107

5123—Billings-Jocity, saline complex,0 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 108

5125—Clapper very gravelly loam, 2 to15 percent slopes ................................ 109

5126—Pinepoint-Parkwash complex, 2 to15 percent slopes ................................ 110

5127—Skyvillage-Mikim-Badland(Kaiparowits Formation) complex,2 to 15 percent slopes ......................... 111

5128—Curecanti-Zibetod familiescomplex, 30 to 70 percent slopes ........ 112

5129—Skyvillage-Rock outcrop (WahweapFormation) complex, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................. 113

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5130—Progresso-Begay, dry complex,1 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 113

5131—Badland (Kaiparowits Formation)-Lazear, steep complex, 15 to 60percent slopes ..................................... 114

5132—Strych-Horsemountain-Barxcomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 115

5133—Menefee-Badland (KaiparowitsFormation) complex, 5 to 30 percentslopes .................................................. 117

5136—Suzmayne-Colskel-Rock outcrop(Straight Cliffs Formation) complex,10 to 40 percent slopes ........................ 117

5137—Casmos-Pariette families-Rockoutcrop (Dakota and MorrisonFormation) complex, 2 to 30 percentslopes .................................................. 118

5138—Nakai-Sheppard complex, 2 to 15percent slopes ..................................... 120

5139—Hetz sandy loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes .................................................. 120

5140—Green River-Radnik, moist-Suwanee, saline complex, 0 to 5percent slopes ..................................... 121

5141—Radnik, moist-Suwanee, saline-Escavada complex, 0 to 8 percentslopes .................................................. 122

5142—Alvey-Atrac complex, 1 to 15percent slopes ..................................... 124

5143—Elias-Mikim complex, 1 to 7percent slopes ..................................... 125

5144—Tsaya-Rock outcrop (StraightCliffs Formation) complex, 10 to 60percent slopes ..................................... 126

5146—Moffat-Pagina-Sheppard complex,2 to 20 percent slopes ......................... 126

5149—Tsaya, saline-Rock outcrop(Straight Cliffs Formation)-LithicTorriorthents complex, 50 to 80percent slopes ..................................... 127

5150—Chipeta-Hanksville-Badland(Tropic Shale) complex, 2 to 30percent slopes ..................................... 128

5151—Pinepoint, dry-Tenneycanyon-Parkwash complex, 2 to 25 percentslopes .................................................. 129

5154—Dient-Crotoncanyon complex,15 to 50 percent slopes ........................ 130

5155—Sanostee, warm-Milok-Lazear,warm complex, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................. 131

5156—Daklos, steep-Fourmilebenchcomplex, 15 to 50 percent slopes ........ 133

5157—Daklos family-Rock outcrop(Wahweap Formation) complex,50 to 80 percent slopes ........................ 133

5158—Mellenthin, moist-Rock outcrop(Moenkopi Formation) complex,25 to 60 percent slopes ........................ 134

5159—Mellenthin, moist-Bowdishcomplex, 2 to 30 percent slopes .......... 135

5160—Timpoweap-Evpark-Atarquecomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 136

5163—Horsemountain fine sandy loam,moist, 2 to 8 percent slopes ................. 137

5164—Badland (Chinle Formation) ................ 1385166—Hillburn, dry-Sazi, moist complex,

2 to 30 percent slopes ......................... 1385167—Progresso, cool-Atchee family

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 1395169—Lazear, steep-Simel-Rock

outcrop (Carmel Formation)complex, 20 to 60 percent slopes ........ 140

5170—Lemrac-Simel-Humbug, moistcomplex, 2 to 20 percent slopes .......... 141

5171—Kenzo-Retsabal-Progresso, coolcomplex, 2 to 30 percent slopes .......... 143

5172—Ruinpoint-Barx complex, 2 to 8percent slopes ..................................... 144

5173—Simel-Strych, moist-Kenzocomplex, 2 to 20 percent slopes .......... 145

5174—Strych-Sazi, moist complex,15 to 50 percent slopes ........................ 146

5180—Pinepoint-Rock outcrop (NavajoSandstone)-Parkwash complex,15 to 50 percent slopes ........................ 147

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5181—Parkelei-Plumasano, moist-Pinepoint complex, 2 to 15 percentslopes .................................................. 148

5182—Arabrab-Colskel-Rock outcrop(Carmel Formation) complex,15 to 50 percent slopes ........................ 149

5183—Parkwash-Rock outcrop (NavajoSandstone)-Vessilla complex, 30 to65 percent slopes ................................ 150

5185—Nomrah-Upler complex, 2 to 15percent slopes ..................................... 151

5186—Bodot, cool-Sili complex, 2 to 8percent slopes ..................................... 152

5187—Zigzag-Aridic Ustorthents complex,15 to 70 percent slopes ........................ 153

5188—Frandsen loam, 1 to 15 percentslopes .................................................. 154

5189—Widtsoe-Emlin complex, 5 to 25percent slopes ..................................... 155

5190—Podo-Rock outcrop (StraightCliffs and Wahweap Formations)complex, 15 to 50 percent slopes ........ 155

5191—Ruko-Rock outcrop (StraightCliffs and Wahweap Formations)-Podo complex, 30 to 70 percentslopes .................................................. 156

5192—Gerst family-Cannonville-Rockoutcrop (Straight Cliffs and DakotaFormation) complex, 20 to 50percent slopes ..................................... 157

5193—Badland (Kaiparowits Formation) ....... 1585195—Henrieville sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 1595198—Bigpack clay loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................. 1595199—Quagmeier-Parkelei complex,

2 to 30 percent slopes ......................... 1605200—Sojourn family-Retsabal-Colskel

complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes ........ 1615201—Sojourn family-Aridic Ustorthents

complex, 15 to 50 percent slopes ........ 1625203—Wiggler-Curecanti family, cool

complex, 25 to 65 percent slopes ........ 163

5205—Curecanti families, cool-Widtsoecomplex, 2 to 25 percent slopes .......... 164

5206—Upler cobbly loam, 5 to 50 percentslopes .................................................. 165

5207—Winetti-Riverwash complex, 2 to5 percent slopes .................................. 166

5210—Elpedro, moist-Flatnose complex,2 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 167

5211—Yarts, moist-Sazi, moist complex,2 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 168

Use and Management of the Soils ..................... 171Land Capability Classification ........................... 171Rangeland......................................................... 172

Soil Properties .................................................... 175Engineering Index Properties ............................ 175Physical Properties ........................................... 176Chemical Properties.......................................... 177Soil Features .................................................... 178Water Features ................................................. 178

Classification of the Soils ................................... 181Soil Series and Their Morphology ..................... 181

Alvey Series ................................................. 181Anasazi Series ............................................. 182Arabrab Series .............................................. 183Arches Series ............................................... 184Aridic Ustorthents ......................................... 184Atarque Series .............................................. 185Atchee Series ............................................... 186Atchee Family .............................................. 186Atrac Series ................................................. 187Baldfield Series ............................................ 188Barx Series .................................................. 188Begay Series ................................................ 189Bigpack Series ............................................. 190Billings Series .............................................. 191Bispen Series ............................................... 191Bodot Series ................................................ 192Bowdish Series ............................................ 192Bowington Series.......................................... 193Brumley Series ............................................. 194Calcree Series .............................................. 195Cannonville Series ........................................ 196Casmos Family ............................................ 197

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Catahoula Series .......................................... 197Chilton Family .............................................. 198Chinchin Series ............................................ 199Chipeta Series .............................................. 200Clapper Series .............................................. 200Colskel Series .............................................. 201Crotoncanyon Series .................................... 202Curecanti Family .......................................... 203Daklos Series ............................................... 204Daklos Family .............................................. 205Dient Series.................................................. 205Earlweed Series ........................................... 206Elias Series .................................................. 207Elpedro Series .............................................. 208Emlin Series ................................................. 208Escavada Series .......................................... 210Evpark Series ............................................... 210Flatnose Series ............................................ 211Fourmilebench Series ................................... 212Frandsen Series ........................................... 213Gaddes Family ............................................. 213Gerst Family ................................................ 214Gompers Family ........................................... 215Green River Series ....................................... 216Hanksville Series.......................................... 216Henrieville Series.......................................... 217Hetz Series .................................................. 218Hideout Series .............................................. 219Hillburn Series .............................................. 219Horsemountain Series .................................. 220Humbug Series ............................................. 222Jocity Series ................................................ 223Kenzo Series ................................................ 224Kydestea Family .......................................... 225Lazear Series ............................................... 225Lemrac Series .............................................. 226Lithic Torriorthents ........................................ 227Mack Series ................................................. 227Mellenthin Series .......................................... 228Menefee Series ............................................ 229Meriwhitica Series ........................................ 229Mespun Series ............................................. 230Mident Series ............................................... 230

Mido Series .................................................. 231Mikim Series ................................................ 232Milok Series ................................................. 233Minchey Series ............................................ 233Mivida Series ............................................... 234Moclom Series ............................................. 235Moenkopie Series ......................................... 236Moepitz Series ............................................. 236Moffat Series ................................................ 237Nakai Series ................................................. 238Nalcase Series ............................................. 239Navigon Series ............................................. 239Needle Series ............................................... 240Nepalto Series .............................................. 240Nomrah Series .............................................. 241Nonip Series ................................................. 242Pagina Series ............................................... 243Pariette Family ............................................. 243Parkelei Series ............................................. 244Parkwash Series .......................................... 245Peekaboo Series .......................................... 246Pinepoint Series ........................................... 247Plumasano Series ........................................ 247Podo Series.................................................. 248Polychrome Family ....................................... 248Progresso Series .......................................... 249Quagmeier Series ......................................... 250Radnik Series ............................................... 251Ranion Series ............................................... 252Reef Series .................................................. 252Remorris Series ............................................ 253Retsabal Series ............................................ 254Rizno Series ................................................. 255Robay Series ................................................ 255Ruinpoint Series ........................................... 256Ruko Series.................................................. 256Sanostee Series ........................................... 257Santrick Series ............................................. 258Sazi Series ................................................... 259Seeg Series.................................................. 260Shalona Series ............................................. 260Sheecal Family ............................................ 261Sheppard Series ........................................... 262

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Sili Series ..................................................... 262Simel Series ................................................. 263Skos Series.................................................. 264Skyvillage Series.......................................... 265Sojourn Family ............................................. 265Somorent Series ........................................... 266Spooky Series .............................................. 267Stent Series ................................................. 267Strell Series.................................................. 269Strych Series ............................................... 269Suwanee Series ........................................... 270Suzipon Series ............................................. 271Suzmayne Series ......................................... 272Tenneycanyon Series ................................... 273Timpoweap Series ........................................ 274Trail Series ................................................... 274Tsaya Series ................................................ 275Upler Series.................................................. 276Vessilla Series ............................................. 277Wayneco Series ........................................... 278Widtsoe Series ............................................. 278Wiggler Series .............................................. 279Winetti Series ............................................... 280Yarts Series ................................................. 280Yatne Series ................................................ 281Zibetod Family .............................................. 282Zigzag Series ............................................... 283

Physiography and Geology ................................ 285Physiography .................................................... 285

Structural Geology ............................................ 285Grand Staircase Region ................................ 285Kaiparowits Plateau Region .......................... 285Escalante Canyons Region........................... 285

Stratigraphy ...................................................... 286Permian Formations ..................................... 286Triassic Formations ...................................... 288Jurassic Formations ..................................... 288Cretaceous Formations ................................ 289Quaternary Deposits ..................................... 289

References ........................................................... 291Glossary .............................................................. 293Tables .................................................................. 309

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 310Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ........ 313Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 315Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 316Table 5.—Rangeland Productivity and

Characteristic Plant Communities .............. 320Table 6.—Engineering Index Properties ............ 395Table 7.—Physical Properties of the Soils ........ 441Table 8.—Chemical Properties of the Soils ....... 492Table 9.—Soil Features .................................... 528Table 10.—Water Features ............................... 546Table 11.—Classification of the Soils ............... 572

Appendix ............................................................. 575The Soil Climate Model ..................................... 575

NRCS Accessibility Statement ............................ 577

Issued 2005

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This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this surveyarea. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey alsohighlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations and theimpact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, forestersand agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the managementneeded for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,engineers, developers, builders and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use,select sites for construction and identify special practices needed to ensure properperformance. Conservationists, teachers, students and specialists in recreation, wildlifemanagement, waste disposal and pollution control can use the survey to help themunderstand, protect and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State and local governments may imposespecial restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report isintended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or landtreatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land usersidentify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner oruser is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils areseasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are toounstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorlysuited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorlysuited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soilsurvey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of eachsoil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication andadditional information are available at the local office of the Natural ResourcesConservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Sylvia A. GillenState ConservationistNatural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

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This survey area is in the south central part of Utah(fig. 1). It has a total area of 1,894,373 acres, or about2,960 square miles. Elevation ranges from 4,000 feetnear Lake Powell to 9,280 feet near Canaan Peak. Notowns fall within the survey area. The towns ofEscalante, Kanab, Boulder, Tropic, Cannonville, andHenrieville are located just outside of the survey area.

US Route 89 and State Highway 12 run east andwest through the survey area. They are the mainroadways through the area. Other major Bureau ofLand Management roads located in the survey area arethe Hole-in-the-Rock, Burr Trail, Cottonwood, andSkutumpah roads.

The survey is bordered by Capitol Reef NationalPark to the east, Glen Canyon National RecreationalArea to the Southeast, Bryce Canyon National Park tothe Northwest, and Dixie National Forest to the North.This soil survey overlaps and updates portions of thePanguitch Area, Utah, survey published in 1984.

How This Survey Was MadeThis survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.The information includes a description of the soils andmiscellaneous areas and their location; and adiscussion of their suitability, limitations, andmanagement for specified uses. Soil scientistsobserved the steepness, length, and shape of theslopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds ofcrops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which isthe sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.The profile extends from the surface down into the

Soil Survey of

Grand Staircase-Escalante NationalMonument Area,Parts of Kane and Garfield Counties, Utah

By Kent Sutcliffe, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Richard Jaros, Jay Skovlin, Suzanne Mayne, Corey Meier, Soren Nielsen,Mike Domeier, Daryl Trickler, Victor Parslow, Leland Sasser, Suzann Kienast-Brown,Kristin May, Erin Bell, and Tom Simper, Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,in cooperation withUnited States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, and the UtahAgricultural Experiment Station, the Utah Soil Conservation Commission, and the UtahAssociation of Conservation Districts

Figure 1.—Location of the Grand Staircase-EscalanteNational Monument Soil Survey area in Utah.

16

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. Theunconsolidated material is devoid of roots and otherliving organisms and has not been changed by otherbiological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the surveyarea are arranged in an orderly pattern related to thegeology, landforms, relief, climate, and naturalvegetation of the area. Each kind of soil andmiscellaneous area is associated with a particular kindof landform or with a segment of the landform. Byobserving the soils and miscellaneous areas in thesurvey area and relating their position to specificsegments of the landform, a soil scientist develops aconcept or model of how they were formed. Thus,during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist topredict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kindof soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location onthe landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape mergeinto one another as their characteristics graduallychange. To construct an accurate soil map, however,soil scientists must determine the boundaries betweenthe soils. They can observe only a limited number ofsoil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient toverify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and todetermine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of thesoil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind andamount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,reaction, and other features that enable them toidentify soils. After describing the soils in the surveyarea and determining their properties, the soilscientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Eachtaxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics withprecisely defined limits. The classes are used as abasis for comparison to classify soils systematically.Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classificationused in the United States, is based mainly on the kindand character of soil properties and the arrangement ofhorizons within the profile. After the soil scientistsclassified and named the soils in the survey area, theycompared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that theycould confirm data and assemble additional data basedon experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of someof the soils in the area generally are collected forlaboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soilscientists interpret the data from these analyses andtests as well as the field observed characteristics andthe soil properties to determine the expected behaviorof the soils under different uses. Interpretations for allof the soils are field tested through observation of thesoils in different uses and under different levels ofmanagement. Some interpretations are modified to fitlocal conditions, and some new interpretations aredeveloped to meet local needs. Data are assembledfrom other sources, such as research information,production records and field experience of specialists.For example, data on crop yields under defined levelsof management are assembled from farm records andfrom field or plot experiments on the same kinds ofsoil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not onlyon soil properties but also on such variables as climateand biological activity. Soil conditions are predictableover long periods of time, but they are not predictablefrom year to year. For example, soil scientists canpredict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that agiven soil will have a high water table within certaindepths in most years, but they cannot predict that ahigh water table will always be at a specific level in thesoil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified thesignificant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerialphotographs and identified each as a specific map unit.Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roadsand rivers, all of which help in locating boundariesaccurately.

The descriptions, names and delineations of thesoils in this survey area do not fully agree with those ofthe soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences resultfrom a better knowledge of soils, modifications inseries concepts, or variations in the intensity ofmapping or in the extent of the soils in the surveyareas.

17

Victor Parslow, soil scientist, Richfield, Utah, prepared thissection from NRCS National Water and Climate Center data(http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov; verified 2005).

Climate tables are created from climate stations atEscalante, Kanab, and Tropic, Utah. Thunderstormdays, relative humidity, percentage of sunshine, andwind information are estimated from First Order station,Grand Junction, Colorado.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitationfor the survey area as recorded at these three stationsin the period from 1961 to 1990. Table 2 showsprobable dates of the first freeze in fall and the lastfreeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on length of thegrowing season.

In winter, the average temperatures at Escalante,Kanab, and Tropic are 30.4, 37.2, and 29.5 degrees F,respectively. The average daily minimum temperaturesin winter are 17.2, 24.1, and 16.4 degrees. The lowesttemperatures on record were -22 at Escalante onJanuary 22, 1937; -20 at Kanab on January 22, 1937;and -18 at Tropic on December 24, 1990.

In summer, the average temperatures at Escalante,Kanab, and Tropic are 69.4, 72.8, and 65.4 degrees,respectively. The average daily maximumtemperatures in summer are 87.0, 89.9, and 82.1degrees. The highest recorded temperatures were 103at Escalante on June 24, 1994; 108 at Kanab on July5, 1985; and 101 at Tropic on June 14, 1953.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They areequivalent to “heat units.” During the month, growingdegree days accumulate by the amount that theaverage temperature each day exceeds a basetemperature (40 degrees F). The normal monthlyaccumulation is used to schedule single or successiveplantings of a crop between the last freeze in springand the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 10.04 inchesat Escalante, 13.31 inches at Kanab, and 12.21 inchesat Tropic. Of this, 5.68, 5.46, and 6.35 inches atEscalante, Kanab, and Tropic respectively, or anaverage of about 50 percent, usually falls in Maythrough October. The growing season for most cropsfalls within this period. Precipitation in this soil surveyarea ranges from about 6 inches in the southeasternpart of the area near the Glen Canyon NationalRecreation Area to more than 16 inches in the higherelevations in the northwestern part of the area nearBryce Canyon National Park. The heaviest 1-dayrainfalls during the period of record were 4.4 inches inEscalante on August 31, 1921; 2.81 inches at Kanabon September 9, 1997; and 2.25 inches in Tropic onSeptember 23, 1967. Thunderstorms occur on about 36days each year, and most occur in late July, August,and September.

The average seasonal snowfall is about 26.1 inchesat Escalante, 22.4 inches at Kanab, and 30.7 inches atTropic. The greatest snow depths at any one timeduring the period of record were 22 inches at Escalanteon January 29, 1979; 24 inches at Kanab on December31, 1936; and 26 inches at Tropic on January 17, 1979.On average, 29 days of the year have at least 1 inch ofsnow on the ground at Escalante, 14 days at Kanab,and 20 days at Tropic. The number of such daysvaries greatly from year to year.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon isabout 36 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and theaverage at dawn is about 61 percent. The sun shines79 percent of the time possible in summer and 62percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the west,although wind direction is quite variable over this regionof complex terrain. Average wind speed is highest,about 10 miles per hour, in April through July.

Climate

19

The map units delineated on the detailed soil mapsin this survey represent the soils or miscellaneousareas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions inthis section, along with the maps, can be used todetermine the suitability and potential of a unit forspecific uses. They also can be used to plan themanagement needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents anarea dominated by one or more major kinds of soil ormiscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified andnamed according to the taxonomic classification of thedominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there areprecisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape, however, the soils are naturalphenomena and they have the characteristic variabilityof all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of someobserved properties may extend beyond the limitsdefined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of asingle taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mappedwithout including areas of other taxonomic classes.Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soilsor miscellaneous areas for which it is named and someminor components that belong to taxonomic classesother than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those ofthe dominant soil or soils in the map unit and thus theydo not affect use and management. These are callednoncontrasting, or similar, components. They may ormay not be mentioned in a particular map unitdescription. Other minor components, however, haveproperties and behavioral characteristics divergentenough to affect use or to require differentmanagement. These are called contrasting, ordissimilar, components. They generally are in smallareas and could not be mapped separately because ofthe scale used. Some small areas of stronglycontrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identifiedby a special symbol on the maps. The contrastingcomponents are mentioned in the map unitdescriptions. A few areas of minor components maynot have been observed and consequently they are notmentioned in the descriptions, especially where thepattern was so complex that it was impractical to makeenough observations to identify all the soils andmiscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit inno way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of thedata. The objective of mapping is not to delineate puretaxonomic classes but rather to separate thelandscape into landforms or landform segments thathave similar use and management requirements. Thedelineation of such segments on the map providessufficient information for the development of resourceplans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,however, onsite investigation is needed to define andlocate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit namein the map unit descriptions. Each description includesgeneral facts about the unit and gives the principalhazards and limitations to be considered in planning forspecific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike makeup a soil series. Except for differences in texture of thesurface layer, all the soils of a series have majorhorizons that are similar in composition, thickness, andarrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of thesurface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree oferosion and other characteristics that affect their use.On the basis of such differences, a soil series isdivided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown onthe detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. Thename of a soil phase commonly indicates a featurethat affects use or management. For example, Hillburnvery channery loam, 10 to 70 percent slopes, is aphase of the Hillburn series.

Some map units are made up of two or more majorsoils or miscellaneous areas. These map units arecomplexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils ormiscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or insuch small areas that they cannot be shown separatelyon the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils ormiscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas.Daklos-Catahoula complex, 2 to 30 percent slopes, isan example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Suchareas have little or no soil material and support little orno vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Table 4gives the acreage and proportionate extent of each

Detailed Soil Map Units

20 Soil Survey

map unit. Other tables give properties of the soils andthe limitations, capabilities, and potentials for manyuses. The Glossary defines many of the terms used indescribing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

Map Unit Descriptions

5001—Mido loamy fine sand, 2 to 15percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Elevation: 5,000 to 5,600 feet (1,524 to 1,707 meters)Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305

millimeters)Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F (7.0

to 11.0 degrees C)Frost-free period: 120 to 160 daysNote: Located southeast of the town of Escalante,

along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats.

Geology: Entrada Sandstone (Je)

Map Unit Composition

Mido and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percent

Component Descriptions

Mido soils

Landform: Dunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 15 percentSurface fragments: About 1 percent gravelDrainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 5.1 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 5 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, fourwing

saltbush, galleta, needleandthread, sand dropseed,Cutler Mormon tea, gooseberry, leaf globemallow,sand buckwheat, sand sagebrush

Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 7s

Typical Profile:A—0 to 3 inches; loamy fine sandC1—3 to 46 inches; loamy fine sandC2—46 to 60 inches; fine sand

Minor Components

Dune landComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benches, dunes

Mido family and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)Earlweed and similar soils

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)

5002—Dune land

Map Unit Setting

Elevation: 5,000 to 5,600 feet (1,524 to 1,707 meters)Note: Located southeast of the town of Escalante,

along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset Flat,Seep Flat, and Red Breaks.

Geology: Navajo Sandstone (Jn); Entrada Sandstone(Je)


Dune land: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Dune land

Landform: Dunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 25 percentDrainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 4.1 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 5 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)

Grand Staircase-Escalante, Utah 21

Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 8

Minor Components

Entrada Sandstone Rock outcropComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benches

Mido and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)

5003—Milok, cool-Barx, dry complex, 1 to5 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats, and south of the town of Cannonville.

Geology: Entrada Sandstone (Je); Carmel Formation,Winsor Member (Jcw)


Milok, cool and similar soils: 50 percentBarx, dry and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Milok, cool soils

Landform: Alluvial flats on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, mixed alluviumSlope: 1 to 5 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)Available water capacity: About 6.7 inches (moderate)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)

Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass,needleandthread, fourwing saltbush, galleta, sanddropseed, Cutler Mormon tea, winterfat

Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 6e

Typical Profile:A—0 to 2 inches; fine sandy loamBw—2 to 8 inches; fine sandy loamBk1—8 to 23 inches; fine sandy loamBk2—23 to 38 inches; sandy loamBk3—38 to 60 inches; sandy loam

Barx, dry soils

Landform: Alluvial flatsParent material: Reworked eolian material, alluviumSlope: 1 to 5 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches (moderate)Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 percent (moderate)Runoff class: LowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 40 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass,

needleandthread, fourwing saltbush, galleta, sanddropseed, Cutler Mormon tea, winterfat


Typical Profile:A1—0 to 2 inches; fine sandy loamA2—2 to 9 inches; sandy loamAB—9 to 19 inches; sandy loamBt—19 to 32 inches; sandy clay loamBtk—32 to 56 inches; sandy clay loamBk—56 to 72 inches; sandy loam

Minor Components

Yarts and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Plains on structural benchesDrainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)Ustic Torrifluvents and similar soils

Composition: About 3 percentLandform: Alluvial flatsDrainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Loamy Bottom (Basin Big

Sagebrush)

22 Soil Survey

Mido and similar soilsComposition: About 2 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)

5004—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone)

Map Unit Setting

Elevation: 5,250 to 7,870 feet (1,600 to 2,400 meters)Note: Located between the towns of Escalante and

Boulder, east of the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, westof the Cockscomb, and south of the SkutumpahRoad.

Geology: Navajo Sandstone (Jn); with very minoramounts of Page Sandstone and Judd HollowTongue of the Carmel Formation (Jp)


Navajo Sandstone Rock outcrop: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Navajo Sandstone Rock outcrop

Landform: Escarpments, slickrock on structuralbenches

Slope: 30 to 100 percentRunoff class: Very highLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 8

Minor Components

Psamments and similar soilsComposition: About 10 percentLandform: Hillslopes on escarpmentsDrainage class: Excessively drained

5006—Milok fine sandy loam, cool, 2 to 8percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



to 11.0 degrees C)Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days

Note: Located southeast of the town of Escalante,along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats.

Geology: Carmel Formation, Paria River Member (Jcp);Entrada Sandstone (Je)


Milok, cool, and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percent


Milok, cool, soils

Landform: Alluvial flats on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, mixed alluviumSlope: 2 to 8 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)Available water capacity: About 7.2 inches (moderate)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: LowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 25 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing




Typical Profile:A—0 to 8 inches; fine sandy loamBw—8 to 18 inches; fine sandy loamBk1—18 to 27 inches; fine sandy loamBk2—27 to 60 inches; fine sandy loam

Minor Components

Mivida and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Plains on structural benchesDrainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)Yarts and similar soils

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Plains on structural benchesDrainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)


Barx, dry and similar soilsComposition: About 3 percentLandform: Alluvial flatsDrainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing

Saltbush)Mido and similar soils

Composition: About 2 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)

5007—Rock outcrop (Navajo Sandstone)-Nalcase complex, 2 to 30 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, around the townof Boulder, east of the town of Escalante, and onor near the Cockscomb.

Geology: Navajo Sandstone (Jn); with very minoramounts of Kayenta Formation, main body (Jk);Page Sandstone and Judd Hollow Tongue of theCarmel Formation (Jp)


Navajo Sandstone Rock outcrop: 65 percentNalcase and similar soils: 25 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Navajo Sandstone Rock outcrop

Landform: Slickrock on structural benches,escarpments

Slope: 10 to 70 percentRunoff class: Very highLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 8

Nalcase soils

Landform: Sand sheets on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, residuum, alluviumSlope: 2 to 30 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 0.5 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 2 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Sand (Cutler

Mormon tea)Potential native vegetation: Cutler Mormon tea, Indian

ricegrass, Bigelow sagebrush, Havard’s oak, mesadropseed, sand dropseed, sand sagebrush, shrublive oak, spike dropseed


Typical Profile:A—0 to 4 inches; fine sandC—4 to 8 inches; fine sandR—8 inches; Navajo Sandstone bedrock

Minor Components

Bispen and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)Santrick and similar soils

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam

(Wyoming Big Sagebrush)

5008—Simel complex, 2 to 60 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats and around the town of Cannonville.

24 Soil Survey

Geology: Carmel Formation, Paria River Member (Jcp);Page Sandstone and Judd Hollow Tongue of theCarmel Formation (Jp); Carmel Formation, Winsormember (Jcw); Entrada Sandstone (Je)


Simel and similar soils: 55 percentSimel, steep and similar soils: 30 percentMinor components: 15 percent


Simel soils

Landform: Structural benchesParent material: Alluvium, residuumSlope: 2 to 8 percentSurface fragments: About 10 percent channersDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches (very low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Shale (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Potential native vegetation: Fremont’s mahonia, Utah

juniper, broom snakeweed, galleta, green Mormontea, Indian ricegrass, Mexican cliffrose, plainspricklypear, twoneedle pinyon, yellow rabbitbrush


Typical Profile:A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loamC—2 to 7 inches; silty clay loamCr—7 to 12 inches; weathered bedrockR—12 inches; bedrock

Simel, steep soils

Landform: Structural benchesParent material: Alluvium, residuumSlope: 8 to 60 percentSurface fragments: About 10 percent channersDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)Available water capacity: About 0.5 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 percent (moderate)

Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Steep Shallow Loam (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Potential native vegetation: Utah juniper, Utah

serviceberry, roundleaf buffaloberry, Indianricegrass, twoneedle pinyon, broom snakeweed,galleta, singleleaf ash


Typical Profile:C—0 to 3 inches; silty clay loamCr—3 to 8 inches; weathered bedrockR—8 inches; bedrock

Minor Components

Carmel Formation Rock outcropComposition: About 8 percentLandform: Structural benches

Wayneco, dry and similar soilsComposition: About 7 percentLandform: Structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Shallow Loam (Torrey

Mormon tea)

5009—Wayneco sandy loam, dry, 2 to 15percent slopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats.

Geology: Page Sandstone and Judd Hollow Tongue ofthe Carmel Formation (Jp); Carmel Formation,Paria River Member (Jcp); Carmel Formation,Winsor Member (Jcw)


Wayneco, dry and similar soils: 85 percent


Minor components: 15 percent


Wayneco, dry soils

Landform: Structural benchesParent material: Siltstone and sandstone residuumSlope: 2 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)Available water capacity: About 2.5 inches (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Loam (Torrey

Mormon tea)Potential native vegetation: Torrey Mormon tea,

galleta, Indian ricegrass, Brenda’s yellowcryptantha, Mexican cliffrose, Utah juniper, broomsnakeweed, grassy rockgoldenrod, green Mormontea, narrowleaf yucca, needleandthread


Typical Profile:A—0 to 5 inches; sandy loamBk—5 to 19 inches; channery loamR—19 inches; bedrock

Minor Components

Simel and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Shallow Shale (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Carmel Formation Rock outcrop

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benches

Loamy-skeletal Lithic Ustic Haplocalcids and similarsoilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drained

5010—Retsabal-Lemrac complex, 2 to 60percent slopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats and south of the town of Cannonvillealong the Cottonwood Road near KodachromeBasin State Park.

Geology: Carmel Formation, Winsor Member (Jcw);Carmel Formation, Paria River Member (Jcp)


Retsabal and similar soils: 50 percentLemrac and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Retsabal soils

Landform: Small knolls on structural benchesParent material: Gypsum bedrock residuumSlope: 2 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately

rapid)Available water capacity: About 2.5 inches (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 15 percentGypsum maximum: About 80 percentSalinity maximum: About 10 mmhos/cm (moderately

saline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 2 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Gypsum (Mormon

tea)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Torrey

Mormon tea, broom snakeweed, Brenda’s yellowcryptantha, Fremont’s mahonia, Mexican cliffrose,Utah juniper, bottlebrush squirreltail, crispleafbuckwheat, galleta, green Mormon tea, twoneedlepinyon, yellow rabbitbrush


26 Soil Survey

Typical Profile:A—0 to 1 inch; very fine sandy loamCy1—1 to 3 inches; very fine sandy loamCy2—3 to 15 inches; loamCr—15 inches; weathered bedrock

Lemrac soils

Landform: Small knolls on structural benchesParent material: Gypsum bedrock residuumSlope: 15 to 60 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)Available water capacity: About 5.8 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: HighCalcium carbonate maximum: About 15 percentGypsum maximum: About 80 percentSalinity maximum: About 8 mmhos/cm (slightly saline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 2 (slightly

sodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Gypsum (Mormon

tea)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Torrey

Mormon tea, broom snakeweed, Brenda’s yellowcryptantha, Fremont’s mahonia, Mexican cliffrose,Utah juniper, bottlebrush squirreltail, crispleafbuckwheat, galleta, green Mormon tea, twoneedlepinyon, yellow rabbitbrush


Typical Profile:A—0 to 1 inch; very fine sandy loamCy1—1 to 19 inches; loamCy2—19 to 34 inches; very fine sandy loamCr—34 inches; weathered bedrock

Minor Components

Carmel Formation Gypsum BadlandsComposition: About 10 percentLandform: Structural benches

5011—Badland (Carmel Formation)-Rizno,cool-Nonip complex, 5 to 25 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting



to 12.0 degrees C)

Frost-free period: 120 to 160 daysNote: Located southeast of the town of Escalante,

along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats and south of the town of Cannonville.

Geology: Carmel Formation, Winsor Member (Jcw);Carmel Formation, Paria River Member (Jcp)


Carmel Formation Badland: 35 percentRizno, cool and similar soils: 30 percentNonip and similar soils: 20 percentMinor components: 15 percent


Carmel Formation Badland

Landform: Hills on structural benchesParent material: Carmel formationSlope: 25 to 70 percentRunoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 15 percentSalinity maximum: About 10 mmhos/cm (moderately

saline)Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 8

Rizno, cool soils

Landform: Structural benchesParent material: Siltstone and sandstone residuumSlope: 5 to 25 percentSurface fragments: About 40 percent channersDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)Available water capacity: About 1.0 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 percent (moderate)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Loam (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Potential native vegetation:

Common trees: juniper, twoneedle pinyonOther plants: Utah juniper, broom snakeweed,

green Mormon tea, Fremont’s mahonia, Indianricegrass, galleta, roundleaf buffaloberry,twoneedle pinyon, yellow rabbitbrush


Typical Profile:A—0 to 3 inches; channery loamC1—3 to 6 inches; fine sandy loam


C2—6 to 9 inches; parachannery fine sandy loamR—9 inches; bedrock

Nonip soils

Landform: Dissected hillslopes on structural benches,structural benches

Parent material: Siltstone, limestone, and shaleresiduum

Slope: 5 to 25 percentSurface fragments: About 80 percent channersDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)Available water capacity: About 0.4 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 percent (moderate)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 30 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Loam (Galleta-

Utah Juniper)Potential native vegetation: Utah juniper, Indian

ricegrass, blue grama, Mexican cliffrose, broomsnakeweed, galleta, gooseberryleaf globemallow,needleandthread

Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 7sTypical Profile:

C—0 to 5 inches; extremely channery clay loamR—5 inches; bedrock

Minor Components

Retsabal and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Small knolls on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to

bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Shallow Gypsum

(Mormon tea)Lemrac and similar soils

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Small knolls on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedEcological site: Semidesert Shallow Gypsum

(Mormon tea)Carmel Formation Gypsum Rock outcrop

Composition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benches

5012—Santrick-Nalcase-Bispen complex,2 to 30 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



to 11.0 degrees C)Frost-free period: 120 to 160 daysNote: Located east of the town of Escalante, around

the town of Boulder and southeast of the town ofEscalante, along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road.

Geology: Navajo Sandstone (Jn)


Santrick and similar soils: 45 percentNalcase and similar soils: 30 percentBispen and similar soils: 20 percentMinor components: 5 percent


Santrick soils

Landform: Dunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, residuumSlope: 2 to 30 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 2.8 inches (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: HighCalcium carbonate maximum: About 2 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Wyoming

Big Sagebrush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass,

needleandthread, Wyoming big sagebrush,fourwing saltbush, galleta, green Mormon tea


Typical Profile:A—0 to 4 inches; loamy fine sandC1—4 to 12 inches; loamy fine sandC2—12 to 22 inches; loamy fine sandC3—22 to 28 inches; loamy fine sandR—28 inches; bedrock

28 Soil Survey

Nalcase soils

Landform: Sand sheets on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, residuum, alluviumSlope: 2 to 30 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 0.4 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 2 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Sand (Cutler

Mormon tea)Potential native vegetation: Cutler Mormon tea, Indian

ricegrass, Bigelow sagebrush, Havard’s oak, mesadropseed, sand dropseed, sand sagebrush, shrublive oak, spike dropseed


Typical Profile:A—0 to 1 inch; fine sandC—1 to 6 inches; fine sandR—6 inches; bedrock

Bispen soils

Landform: Dunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 30 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 3.6 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 2 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, fourwing

saltbush, galleta, needleandthread, sand dropseed,Cutler Mormon tea, gooseberryleaf globemallow,sand buckwheat, sand sagebrush

Land capability subclass (nonirrigated): 5c

Typical Profile:A—0 to 6 inches; fine sand

C—6 to 51 inches; fine sandR—51 inches; bedrock

Minor Components

Mespun and similar soilsComposition: About 3 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)Navajo Sandstone Rock outcrop

Composition: About 2 percentLandform: Slickrock on structural benches

5013—Mido-Yarts complex, 2 to 15percent slopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset andSeep Flats and along Highway 89, near theCockscomb.

Geology: Upper Carmel Formation (Jcu); EntradaSandstone (Je)


Mido and similar soils: 60 percentYarts and similar soils: 30 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Mido soils

Landform: Dunes on structural benches, sand sheetsParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 4 to 15 percentDrainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 3.5 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 5 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)


Ecological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, fourwing



Typical Profile:A—0 to 4 inches; fine sandC—4 to 60 inches; fine sand

Yarts soils

Landform: Interdunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sand, alluviumSlope: 2 to 8 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately

rapid)Available water capacity: About 4.8 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: LowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 10 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam (Fourwing




Typical Profile:A—0 to 5 inches; loamy fine sandC—5 to 60 inches; fine sandy loam

Minor Components

Dune landComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Structural benches, dunesDrainage class: Excessively drained

Earlweed and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDrainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)

5015—Mespun fine sand, 2 to 15 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting

Elevation: 5,000 to 5,990 feet (1,524 to 1,826 meters)

Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305millimeters)

Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F (7.0to 11.0 degrees C)

Frost-free period: 120 to 160 daysNote: Located southeast of the town of Escalante and

around the town of Boulder.Geology: Navajo Sandstone (Jn)


Mespun and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Mespun soils

Landform: Sand sheets on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 15 percentDrainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 3.5 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 2 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, fourwing



Typical Profile:A—0 to 20 inches; fine sandC1—20 to 40 inches; fine sandC2—40 to 60 inches; fine sand

Minor Components

Bispen and similar soilsComposition: About 5 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to

bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing

Saltbush)Santrick and similar soils

Composition: About 4 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benchesDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (lithic)

30 Soil Survey

Drainage class: Excessively drainedEcological site: Semidesert Sandy Loam

(Wyoming Big Sagebrush)Dune land

Composition: About 1 percentLandform: Dunes on structural benches

5017—Skos, dry-Mido-Arches, drycomplex, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting




along the Hole-in-the-Rock Road, on Sunset Flat,Seep Flat, and Red Breaks and around the town ofBoulder.

Geology: Page Sandstone and Judd Hollow Tongue ofthe Carmel Formation (Jp); Carmel Formation (Jc);Carmel Formation, Paria River Member (Jcp)


Skos, dry and similar soils: 40 percentMido and similar soils: 35 percentArches, dry and similar soils: 15 percentMinor components: 10 percent


Skos, dry soils

Landform: Structural benchesParent material: Siltstone and sandstone residuumSlope: 4 to 15 percentSurface fragments: About 50 percent cobblesDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability: 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 percent (moderate)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 25 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Shale (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Potential native vegetation: Fremont’s mahonia, Utah

juniper, broom snakeweed, galleta, green Mormon

tea, Indian ricegrass, Mexican cliffrose, plainspricklypear, twoneedle pinyon, yellow rabbitbrush


Typical Profile:A—0 to 6 inches; gravelly loamy fine sandC—6 to 13 inches; very channery sandy clay loamR—13 inches; bedrock

Mido soils

Landform: Dunes on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 15 percentDrainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 3.5 inches (low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very lowCalcium carbonate maximum: About 5 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Sand (Fourwing Saltbush)Potential native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, fourwing



Typical Profile:A—0 to 15 inches; fine sandC1—15 to 30 inches; fine sandC2—30 to 45 inches; fine sandC3—45 to 60 inches; fine sand

Arches, dry soils

Landform: Sand sheets on structural benchesParent material: Eolian sandSlope: 2 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)Drainage class: Excessively drainedSlowest permeability: 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)Available water capacity: About 0.7 inch (very low)Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 percent (low)Runoff class: Very highCalcium carbonate maximum: About 8 percentGypsum maximum: NoneSalinity maximum: About 2 mmhos/cm (nonsaline)Sodium adsorption ratio maximum: About 0 (nonsodic)Ecological site: Semidesert Shallow Sand (Utah

Juniper-Pinyon)Potential native vegetation: Bigelow sagebrush, Utah

juniper, roundleaf buffaloberry, Indian ricegrass,


Mexican cliffrose, Torrey Mormon tea, Wrightbirdbeak, broom

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