Soil pollution

Invented By:-

Nikhil Pakwanne

)

Government College Of Engineering,

Aurangabad.

Soil pollution

Introduction of soil Soil can be define

as the uppermost crust of earth mixed with organic material and in which animals and microorganisms live, and plants grow.

Soil pollution

• Soil pollution is defined or can be described as the contamination of soil of a particular region.

• Soil pollution is caused by addition of chemicals, which reduces it’s productive capacity.

• In rural areas more fertilizers & pesticides are used in agricultural operations & the residual chemicals remain in the top layers of soil.

SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION

• Acid rains

• Excess application of pesticides, fertilizer.

• Urban solid wastes.

• Disposal of Industrial wastes and sludge over land.

Acid Rain

Acid Rain iscaused by airpollution. Theacidic water fallson the soil andpollutes it bymaking the soilacidic.

Fertilizers

The use of excess fertilizers to increase the crop yields makes the soil either acidic or alkaline and pollutes it.

Ex: ammonium sulphate , sodium nitrate

Fertilizers

Excess use of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn in the form of fertilizers & pesticides inhibit plant growth & reduce crop yield.

Urban wastes These wastes include a

wet and fermentable fraction, made of food residuals from houses, restaurants and food industries, paper.

Industrial waste

This pollution can be very massive in certain areas, where the industries discharge their wastes and really great is the variety of pollutants: heavy metals compounds, asbestos, organic compounds

POLLUTANTS

Organic waste

Compounds

Excess use of fertilizers

PollutantsOrganic waste

Organic waste enter the soil pores & decompose pathological bacteria spread infection.

CompoundsCompounds containing

arsenic, mercury, chromium, nickel, lead, Zinc, & iron are toxic to the life.

Fluorides also affect the plant development.

p0llutants

Excess use of fertilizers

Excess use of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, in the

form of fertilizers & pesticides inhabit plant growth & reduce crop yield.

effect Humans

Animals

Agricultural

Urban

Humans Effects

Causes cancers including leukemia.

Mercury can increase the risk of kidney damage.

Also cause headaches, eye irritation & skin rash.

Animals Effects

Small life forms may consume harmful chemicals which may then be passed up the food chain to large animals.

Agricultural Effects

Decrease soil fertility.

Reduced crop yield.

Larger loss of soil & nutrients.

Reduced nitrogen fixation.

Urban Effects

Public health problems.

Pollution of drinking water sources.

Foul smell & release of gases.

Waste management problems.

Control of soil pollution

Ban on use of plastic bags which are major cause of pollution in cities.

Recycling of plastic wastes to manufacture many ‘remake’ items.

Ban on deforestation.

Encouraging forest replantation programmes.

Use carefully the fertilizers & pesticides preferable in optimal dose.

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