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Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
An Overview of ZigBee
The Power of the Mesh
2005 Wireless & Mobile WorldExpoToronto, Ontario
Chris Herzog – [email protected]
Software Technologies Group, Inc.
www.stg.com
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
What is ZigBee?
• A standard for mesh networking– Built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard– Reliability through meshed connectivity
• Designed for low power applications– Very long battery life
• Low data rate– 20-250Kb/sec (depending on band)
• Very Secure– AES-128 encryption available
• Self configuring– Allows ad hoc networks– Ease of installation and configuration
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Security
HVAC
Lighting Control
Access Control
Lawn & Garden
Irrigation
Asset Mgt
Process Control
EnvironmentalEnergy Mgt
Patient monitoring
Fitness monitoring
Security
HVAC
AMR
Lighting Control
Access Control
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
RF Remotes
ZigBee Target Markets
ZigBeeWireless Control that
Simply Works
RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT
COMMERCIAL CONTROL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
PC & PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
BUILDING AUTOMATION
Chart Copyright ZigBee Alliance 2004
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
The ZigBee Standard
• Protocol– Supports meshing of 802.15.4 nodes– Support for rapid joining and leaving the
network (joining in <30ms)– Support for route discovery and route
failure recovery
• Services– Device and Service discovery– Standardized Device Profiles
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
The ZigBee Alliance
• Group of over 150 companies involved in ZigBee development and deployment
• Define the ZigBee standards
• Promote the ZigBee standards
• Provide ZigBee certification and branding
• Online at www.zigbee.org
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee in the wireless world
Chart Copyright ZigBee Alliance 2004
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee in the wireless world
• Band – 868, 902-928MHz, and 2.4GHz
• Topology – Ad-hoc, Star, Point to Point, Mesh
• Data Rate – 20/40Kb/s and 250Kb/s
• Power Consumption – Very Low
• Range – 10-100+ meters
• Security – very high; AES-128 level encryption
• Size – up to 64K nodes in a single logical network
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee Network Topologies
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee Networks
• PAN (Personal Area Network)– Uses a specific 16-bit PAN ID– A ZigBee Coordinator “forms” the network
• Node “0”• Chooses radio channel• Specifies PAN ID• Chooses security model in effect• Starts network formation process using specified
network parameters
– Network includes routing and non-routing devices
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee Network Topologies
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Types of ZigBee Devices
• Two classes of devices– FFD (Full Function Device)
• Can act as a ZigBee Router (and a ZigBee coordinator)• Helps form the mesh and route data• Can also perform any other function like sensing
– RFD (Reduced Function Device)• Can’t act as a router• Only an end node• Sensors, actuators, etc. that don’t need to route data
• Permit implementers to choose an appropriate device for the application
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
ZigBee Network Topologies
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Extending ZigBee Networks
• ZED (ZigBee Extension Device)– A ZigBee router with a wire interface
• Joins two or more radio disjoint PANs
• Provides a “wormhole” within a single PAN– A low cost, high reliability link within
the radio network
• “Extends” the ZigBee network layer
• Specification is nearly complete with reference ZEDs available soon
ZED ZED
Coordinator A
PAN APAN A
ZED ZED
Coordinator B
PAN B
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Gateways to ZigBee Networks
• Joins two different network protocols– Network layers are terminated
• Provides a way for non-ZigBee devices to communicate with ZigBee devices without knowing the ZigBee protocol
• Standard Specification is in progress– Some proprietary and focused
solutions available
ZigBee
Gateway
Abstracted M
essages
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
When is ZigBee appropriate?
• Low power consumption– True battery powered sensors
• Appropriate data rate– We’re not talking streaming video here
• Range– Both point to point and meshed ranges
• Costs– Is there sufficient ROI from adding a
radio?
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Appropriate Sensor Applications
• Sensors and actuators matter– Power consumption– Monitoring needs
• What’s the big picture?– Battery powered devices require battery-
friendly sensors and actuators– Mains powered devices have more
options
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Cost Considerations
• BOM Components– Radio – about $5 US– Processor – under $3 US– Memory (FLASH) – about $5 US– Miscellaneous (XTAL, etc.) – under $2 US
• Up and coming– Radio / Processor Bundles
• 8051 class processor• Under $5 US in quantity
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Some STG Proof of Concepts
Using the power of the mesh to automate a manual process
– Rental Car Return Automation
Long life battery powered sensing
– Wireless Termite Detection
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Automated Rental Car Return
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
Termite Detection
Copyright 2005 Software Technologies Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Software Solutions for Product Developers
How STG can help
• Reference software– 802.15.4 MAC and ZigBee Protocol Stack
• Engineering Services– Custom protocol/application development– Firmware, drivers, monitoring and control
applications– Proof of concept and prototypes