Software OS Other Concepts Upd

8/22/2019 Software OS Other Concepts Upd

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Software


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Software

There are two types of software:

Systems software:

Applications software: (end-userprograms)


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Systems software is the control software thatoperates the hardware and allows theapplications to run.

Applications are pieces of software that areprogrammed to perform specific tasks.Eg: a browser application, a word processingapplication, an e-mail application and so on.

You can also buy new applications and installthem.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/email.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/email.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/email.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/email.htm


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Logical system architecture


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Types of software


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System software

set of pgms, designed to control the operation & extend theprocessing capability of a computer system.

Supports the development of other application software.

Supports the execution of other application software.

Monitors the effective use of various h/w resources like cpu,

mem, etc.

Communicates and controls the operation of the peripheral

devices like printers, disk etc.


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System software

Utility software :to manage and tune the computerH/W, OS or application software by performing sometasks.

Disk cleaners

Backup Anti-virus

System profilers tool for diagnosing problems or checkingcomputer specifications (Checking available RAM slots, Checking installedH/W)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_profilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_profilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_cleaner


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System software

Interpreter is a computer program which reads sourcecode written in a high-level programming language,transforms the code to machine code, and executes themachine code.

Assembler - Autility program called an assembler is

used to translate assembly language statements into thetarget computer's machine code.

Compiler - A compiler is a special program that processes

statements written in a particular programming languageand validates the syntax.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computers)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computers)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program


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Application Software

It is a set of one or more programs designed tosolve a specific problem or do a specific task.

Examples are:

Word processing s/w

Spreadsheet s/w

Database s/w

Graphics s/w

Personal assistance s/w Education s/w

Entertainment s/w


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Major functions of an OS

Processor management Memory management

Device management

Storage management File management

Security

Application interface User interface


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Processor management

ensures that each process and applicationreceives enough of the processor's time to

function properly


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Memory management

Each process must have enough to execute,and cannot cross-over into the memory ofanother process

Manages the memory used by individualprocesses.


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Device management

Manages the devices thru driver software. The path between the operating system and

virtually all hardware not on the computer's

motherboard goes through a specialprogram called a driver


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Storage management

Managing the free space available on thesecondary-storage device.

Allocation of storage space when new files

have to be written. Scheduling the requests for memory access.


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File management

creation and deletion of files, directions mapping of files

back up of files


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Security

User Authentication Data Access security

Level of Access


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Application interface

API provides a consistent way forapplications to use the resources of thecomputer system

Eg: Using the Amazon API, a third partyWeb site can post direct links to Amazonproducts with updated prices


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User interface

a user interface (UI) brings structure to theinteraction between a user and thecomputer


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Operating Systems

Operating Systems run in the background without the

users being aware of it.

It controls the inputs, outputs, and storage of files as

requested by the applications software.


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Popular Operating Systems

Windows XP

home and business Mac Operating System GUI, graphics

UNIX general purpose

Linux

alternative to Windows Dos command driven


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Types of OS

1. Multitasking/ Multiprogramming OS (Eg Word &Games)

Preemptivetime sliced by CPU

Cooperative- Each task/program decided CPU usage2. Multi threading OSrun multiple parts of the s/w

program (Eg Spell check & Print)

3. Multi-processing OS many processers in one

computer system (Eg Unix Server)

4. Single user OS


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5. Multi-user OS6. Parallel Systemwith Multiple CPUs

7. Distributed Systemcomputers connected by a high-

speed networks.

8. Real Time Systemresponds to real time events (Eg:satellite co.ntrol systems, process control systems)


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Multiprogramming

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