Sociology UNIT 9

Social disorganization and major social problems

(factors of social disorganisation)

Social disorganization1. Social disorganization is the process opposed to

social organization.2. Social organization -“ some fundamental concepts”

Characteristic of Social disorganization

1. Conflicts of mores and of institution2. Transfer of functions fromone group to another3. Individuation4. Change in the Role and Status of the Individuals

Causes of Social disorganization

1. Division of Labour

2. Violation of Social Rules

3. Industrialization

4. Cultural Lag

5. Natural Catastrophes

6. War

7. Maladaptation of Inherited Nature to Culture

Major Social Problems

1. Poverty

2. Unemployment

3. Beggary

4. Crime

5. War

6. Other social issues

Sociology UNIT 10

case study

(sociological study of neighbourhood in an urban area)

Auguste Compte

1. 1798-18572. France3. At the age of 16th he joined Ecole Polytechnique

Celetrial Physics, Terrestrial Physics (Mechanical or Chemical)

Astronomical, physical, chemical, Physiological

But Social physics to Sciology

Methodology

Observation, Experiment, Comparison, Historical method

Auguste Compte

Two kind of major partsStatic and Dynamic

Static Sociology: Study of sociology consists in the investigation of the laws of action and reaction of the different parts of social systems.

Dynamic Sociology: Study of the continuous movement of social phenomena through time.

Auguste Compte

The law of three Stages

1. Theological or Fictious Stage

Priests and Military

2. The Meta Physical or Abstract stage

Churchman and lawyers

3. The positive or Scientific stage

Industrial administration and scentists

Max Weber

1.Born at 1864-19202.Germany 3.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of

social sciences.4.His PhD thesis was on the “History of

Commercial Society in the Middle Ages”5.In 1896, he became the professor of economics.6.Social Action7.Types of Authority

Max Weber

Social Action1.Zweck rational Action

Relation to Goal (Engineering, Army)2.Wert rational Action

Also rational Action but in-relation to values

3.Affective ActionAction is emotional

4.Traditional ActionAction is directed by beliefs and customs which become habituated.

Max Weber

Types of AuthorityAccording to Weber Authority relations refer to those

relations of men whereby some men feel that they have alegitimate right to expect willing obedience fromother peopleto their command.1.Rational-Legal Authority

Based on laws, rules and regulations2.Traditional Authority

Based on domination of past customs and traditions3.Charismatic Authority

Based on extra-ordinary devotion to sacred quality or exemplary character of a person

Karl Marx

1.Born at 1818-18832.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of

philosophy.3.At the age of 23 he received doctorate degree.4.Dialectical materialism5.Economic infrastructure and socio-economic

superstructure.6.Theory of class and class conflict.

Dialectical materialism1. All the phenomena of nature are part of an

integrated whole;2. Nature is in a continuous stage of movement

and change;3. The developmental process is a product of

quantitative advances which culminate inabrupt qualitative changes;

4. Contradictions are inherent in all realmofnature – particularly human society.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Economic infrastructure and

socio-economic superstructure.

Theory of class and class conflict1. Conflict over the distribution of economic rewards

between the classes;2. Easy communication between the individuals in the same

class positions so that ideas and action programmes arereadily disseminated;

3. Growth of class consciousness in the sense that themembers of the class have a feeling of solidity andunderstanding of their historical role.

4. Profound dissatisfaction of the lower class over its inabilityto control the economic structure of which it feels itself tobe the exploited victims;

5. Establishment of a political organization resulting from theeconomic structure the historical situation and maturationof the class consciousness.

The Main aspects of Marx’s Theory of Class Conflict

1. The development of the proletariat2. The impotence of property3. The identification of economic and political power and

authority4. Polarization of classes5. The theory of surplus value6. Pauperization7. Alienation8. Class solidarity and antagonism9. Revolution10. The dictatorship of the proletariat11. Inauguration of the communist society