Society’s Response to Society’s Response to DiseaseDiseaseChapter 10Chapter 10

How disease Affect SocietyHow disease Affect Society In the past, many people In the past, many people

died from disease died from disease because they did not because they did not understand how it was understand how it was spreadspread

Example: European Example: European explores brought many explores brought many things to the ‘New World,’ things to the ‘New World,’ including terrible diseases including terrible diseases such as: small pox and such as: small pox and tuberculosis tuberculosis

Many Aboriginal people Many Aboriginal people died because they had died because they had never been exposed to never been exposed to these diseases and had these diseases and had no understanding of themno understanding of them

The death of the Aboriginals almost whipped out an entire culture. With fewer hunters, more people starved. The elderly, which were affected the most, could not pass on their customs and traditions, and females died so fewer aboriginal children were being born

Pandemic DiseasePandemic Disease Smallpox and tuberculosis are Smallpox and tuberculosis are pandemic pandemic

diseasesdiseases Pandemic diseasesPandemic diseases are diseases that are extremely are diseases that are extremely

difficult to control and affect a large portion of the difficult to control and affect a large portion of the population over a large geographical areapopulation over a large geographical area

Today, diseases such as Today, diseases such as AIDSAIDS ( (AAcquired cquired IImmune mmune DDeficiency eficiency SSyndrome) are having a yndrome) are having a similar impact on African societysimilar impact on African society AIDS is a communicable virus that is spread through AIDS is a communicable virus that is spread through

blood, sexual fluids, and breast mix and is usually blood, sexual fluids, and breast mix and is usually passed on when people have unprotected sex.passed on when people have unprotected sex.

http://www.amfar.org/cgi-bin/iowa/abouthiv/http://www.amfar.org/cgi-bin/iowa/abouthiv/record.html?record.html?record=3&gclid=CNng1JK2jYgCFQU8YQodyQFQBwrecord=3&gclid=CNng1JK2jYgCFQU8YQodyQFQBw

Epidemic DiseasesEpidemic Diseases Epidemic diseasesEpidemic diseases are those diseases that are not so are those diseases that are not so

widespread. Usually they affect many people in a local widespread. Usually they affect many people in a local area at the same timearea at the same time

Every year there are flu bug epidemics that can not be Every year there are flu bug epidemics that can not be controlledcontrolled

The SARS epidemic was a recent example of an The SARS epidemic was a recent example of an epidemic diseaseepidemic disease

-see pg. 178-179 of the Science 24 text book-see pg. 178-179 of the Science 24 text book Social conditionsSocial conditions such as: overcrowded cities, unsanitary such as: overcrowded cities, unsanitary

living conditions/water/food, poor diets, long works days, living conditions/water/food, poor diets, long works days, poor personal hygiene and education, and other stress poor personal hygiene and education, and other stress have played a key role in creating massive pandemic have played a key role in creating massive pandemic and epidemic diseases.and epidemic diseases.

The Beginning of Public HealthThe Beginning of Public Health Many of the past plagues were caused and Many of the past plagues were caused and

passed on by cats and vermin such as, rats and passed on by cats and vermin such as, rats and mice.mice.

One way the bubonic plague was stopped was One way the bubonic plague was stopped was by cleansing the streets of human waste, by cleansing the streets of human waste, sewage, and animals, and creating healthy sewage, and animals, and creating healthy drinking water. People worked together to drinking water. People worked together to develop healthy communities and this was the develop healthy communities and this was the beginning of beginning of public health. public health. Soon after that Soon after that Governments took over this responsibility and Governments took over this responsibility and created laws to ensure and enforce that clean created laws to ensure and enforce that clean and sanitary conditions were kept.and sanitary conditions were kept.

Improving Human HealthImproving Human Health

Health programs came to Canada after World Health programs came to Canada after World War I in 1918.War I in 1918.

In 1919, the Canadian government established In 1919, the Canadian government established its first department of health. Today, these its first department of health. Today, these health departments are provincially run and are health departments are provincially run and are called the called the Regional Health Authority. Regional Health Authority. TheyThey do do thing such as: monitor the safety of drinking thing such as: monitor the safety of drinking water, checking the pollutants, and taking water, checking the pollutants, and taking measure to avoid outbreaks of diseasemeasure to avoid outbreaks of disease

Regional Health AuthorityRegional Health Authority This department does a variety of thing to ensure public This department does a variety of thing to ensure public

healthhealth 1) 1) Checking Water Quality:Checking Water Quality:

Water is tested on a regular basis to ensure safe Water is tested on a regular basis to ensure safe drinking/bathing/swimming/cooking waterdrinking/bathing/swimming/cooking water

Water treatmentWater treatment See-pg.186- Walkerton Water TragedySee-pg.186- Walkerton Water Tragedy

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/walkerton/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/walkerton/

2) 2) Air Quality: Air Quality: - - Air Quality IndexAir Quality Index (see pg. 182) helps tell the public how (see pg. 182) helps tell the public how safe the air that they are breathing issafe the air that they are breathing is-constant monitoring of the air occurs to ensure there isn’t -constant monitoring of the air occurs to ensure there isn’t too much pollutants in the atmospheretoo much pollutants in the atmosphere

3) 3) Removal of Garbage:Removal of Garbage: Landfill sites are formed to prevent waste material Landfill sites are formed to prevent waste material

from harming the environment or entering water from harming the environment or entering water systemssystems

3 Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle. 3 Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle.

4) 4) Treatment of Human and Animal Waste:Treatment of Human and Animal Waste:-Sewage treatment plants: Harmful solid waste is -Sewage treatment plants: Harmful solid waste is removed using helpful bacteria, then the leftover removed using helpful bacteria, then the leftover water is treated water is treated -In the Prairies, such as Alberta, large-scale livestock -In the Prairies, such as Alberta, large-scale livestock producers treat animal manure producers treat animal manure

5) 5) Mass vaccinations:Mass vaccinations: Vaccinations are small injections of disease. These serve to help Vaccinations are small injections of disease. These serve to help

protect you from major diseases.protect you from major diseases. In Canada, babies are given vaccinations for whooping cough, In Canada, babies are given vaccinations for whooping cough,

mumps, tetanus, polio, measles, rubella, diphtheria, etc. mumps, tetanus, polio, measles, rubella, diphtheria, etc. Usually if you travel to other countries you are Usually if you travel to other countries you are requiredrequired to get to get

vaccinations for things such as: yellow fever, typhoid fever, vaccinations for things such as: yellow fever, typhoid fever, hepatitis. Check local health facilitieshepatitis. Check local health facilities

Public health officials often develop new vaccinations to respond Public health officials often develop new vaccinations to respond to new outbreaks of disease and prevent epidemic outbreaksto new outbreaks of disease and prevent epidemic outbreaks Meningitis, avian flu virus?Meningitis, avian flu virus?

6) 6) Food Safety:Food Safety:-Food inspectors check dining facilities, meat packing plants, -Food inspectors check dining facilities, meat packing plants, and grocery stores to ensure proper handling techniques are and grocery stores to ensure proper handling techniques are usedused-Media alerts-Media alerts

Public Health and YouPublic Health and You Vaccinations have helped reduce the number of Vaccinations have helped reduce the number of

people that are killed by communicable diseasespeople that are killed by communicable diseases Some diseases have been ‘completely’ eliminated Some diseases have been ‘completely’ eliminated

from the earth due to vaccinations, such as smallpoxfrom the earth due to vaccinations, such as smallpox-BUT, this does not mean that vaccinations is the -BUT, this does not mean that vaccinations is the

answer to removing communicable disease, the next answer to removing communicable disease, the next big step is YOU. big step is YOU.

-Diseases are not going away, many drug resistant -Diseases are not going away, many drug resistant diseases are still being spread, one way to prevent diseases are still being spread, one way to prevent the spread is by the spread is by looking at the the key factors that looking at the the key factors that cause the spread of disease and altering your cause the spread of disease and altering your lifestyles to help decrease the chances of outbreak lifestyles to help decrease the chances of outbreak

-See Table 10.1 on pg.184 of the Science 24 Textbook-See Table 10.1 on pg.184 of the Science 24 TextbookQuestion: What are the 6 Key Factors that contribute Question: What are the 6 Key Factors that contribute to outbreak of disease?to outbreak of disease?

Health WarningsHealth Warnings Health Authorities will release warnings to alert the public if Health Authorities will release warnings to alert the public if

there are major health concernsthere are major health concerns These These Health WarningsHealth Warnings include: include:

Food recalls:Food recalls: all product are removed from store shelves. all product are removed from store shelves. Media will explain danger and explain what to doMedia will explain danger and explain what to do i.e.- i.e.- E.ColiE.Coli in the packaged spinach salad in the packaged spinach salad

Boil-water advisories: Boil-water advisories: if drinking water is unsafe, if drinking water is unsafe, authorities will tell you to boil it. Why boil water?authorities will tell you to boil it. Why boil water?

Mass Vaccinations: Mass Vaccinations: health officials will provide free health officials will provide free vaccinations to those people who are likely to get disease. vaccinations to those people who are likely to get disease. Who do you think are those people that will get the Who do you think are those people that will get the vaccinations? vaccinations? Flu bug vaccinationsFlu bug vaccinations

Road Safety: Road Safety: In order to protect people who ride bikes or In order to protect people who ride bikes or drive vehicles, public health authorities provide information drive vehicles, public health authorities provide information on how to be safe while operating a vehicleon how to be safe while operating a vehicle Helmut safety in Elementary schools, Child carseat Helmut safety in Elementary schools, Child carseat

awarenessawareness

Personal ActionsPersonal Actions YOU as aware citizens should take steps to help YOU as aware citizens should take steps to help

prevent disease, outbreaks, and deathprevent disease, outbreaks, and death Some steps to consider are:Some steps to consider are:

1) 1) Protect your own health:Protect your own health: personal hygiene, get personal hygiene, get vaccinations, stay informed about health advisoriesvaccinations, stay informed about health advisories

2) 2) Make wise lifestyle choices:Make wise lifestyle choices: exercise, have a exercise, have a healthy balanced diet, avoid smoking, drugs and healthy balanced diet, avoid smoking, drugs and alcohol, avoid or be safe about sex, etcalcohol, avoid or be safe about sex, etc

3) 3) Adopt safe practices:Adopt safe practices: wash your hands, wear bike wash your hands, wear bike helmets, buckle up, drive safe, practice safe sex, etchelmets, buckle up, drive safe, practice safe sex, etc

-YOUR choices will always affect yourself and others -YOUR choices will always affect yourself and others around you!! around you!! The Butterfly EffectThe Butterfly Effect