SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CLASS• The Socialization Process• Social Processes and The Family• Family Structures and Functions• Mate Selection• Divorce

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THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

SIGMUND FREUD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCXynjpFaKU • Believed the socialization centered on the person's

unconscious mind• He felt there were three parts to personality• ID• A person’s basic drives which are unconscious and

demand immediate attention• EGO• A person’s conscious efforts to balance innate

pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society

• SUPEREGO• The cultural values and norms internalized by

society

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THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

GEORGE MEAD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWCt5zI43Ko

• A felt socialization happened in three stages• STAGE ONE

• Children watch the behaviour of others and imitate them

• STAGE TWO• Children imitate adult behaviours when

they pretend to be the teacher, the doctor, the fireman

• STAGE THREE• By age 10, children enter the game stage

where they understand the rules and different roles with a team

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THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION• Specific individuals, groups and institutions

that provide situations in which socialization can occur

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgjuS6O7ji8

• The cognitive development theory of socialization

• He felt that children needed to master the skills needed to cope with the world around them

• As they explored and became part of a group, they looked for experiences that would help them understand how people behave and interact with each other

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THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOng7C5rRhU

Sociologists list four main functions of the family:• Regulation of sexual activity• All societies have rules about sexual

activity• Reproduction• Societies need to replace members who

die or move away• Socialization• Most agree the family is the first agent of

socialization• Economic and emotional security• Family is the most basic economic unit in

society and our primary emotional support

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FAMILY STRUCTUREShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUqkJFBkW_c

NUCLEAR FAMILY • Consists of adult heterosexual couple and their

dependent children

EXTENDED FAMILIES• Include the nuclear family plus blood relatives living

together

VERTICAL FAMILIES• includes grandparents as well parents and

children

HORIZONTAL FAMILIES• Includes some members of the same generation as

the parents living together• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POofYM4ZiKg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RMVIO4nmPc

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MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS

MARRIAGE AND SOCIETY• All societies have some sort of family organization but the exact

nature of that organization varies from society to society, sometimes even within the same society

MARRIAGE PARTNERS• Monogamy

• Marriage of one man to one woman• Polygamy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANXeiyGx7To

• Marriage with multiple partners http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gyKWYb_OXw

• Polygyny • A man is permitted to marry more than one woman as a time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk8inFlY7Rs&playnext=1&list=PL11BD146E57233BDF&feature=results_video

• Polyanandry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0

• A woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time

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MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS

RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS• NEOLOCAL• In modern industrial societies it is most

common for married couples to be free to set up their own residence apart from both sets of parents

• PATRILOCALITY• Where a couple live with or near the

husband's parents

• MATRILOCALITY• Where a couple live with or near the wife’s

parents

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MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS

MATE SELECTION• ROMANTIC LOVE • People who are emotional and physically attracted

to each other• ARRANGED MARRIAGEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaNHO1mvCiE

• Marriage arranged by others, typically your parents• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUvrCaesLDs

• ENDOMGAMY• Marrying someone within your social status

• EXOGAMY• Marriage outside one’s social category

• HOMOGAMY• Marriage within one’s own racial group• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q52MVJI_njA

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THEORIES OF MATE SELECTIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvjF5RyoKzI

PARENTAL IMAGE• People are guided by the image they hold of their parents,

especially the parent of the opposite sexROLE THEORY

• Based on role expectations, a man who believes a woman’s place is in the home would be unlikely to marry a career woman

VALUES• Mates tend to be chosen on the basis of similar values

COMPLEMENTARY NEEDS• Believes that martial gratification occurs when the needs of the

husband and the wife are complimentary instead of similarFILTER THEORY

• Factors like religion and social class narrow the field then other factors further narrow the field like smoking or divorce

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DIVORCEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-1ZJOAkX3o• In some societies divorce is painless• As attitudes have changed, there is reduced social

stigma which has contributed to the increasing divorce rate

• The shifting roles of husbands and wives with increased financial pressure to have dual incomes has also increased relational stress

• Divorce which allows a spouse to leave a partner involved in deviant behaviour may be positive

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DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY

• ANNUAL NUMBER OF DIVORCES IN CANADA• 71,00

• MARRIAGES THAT WON'T MEET THEIR 50th WEDDING ANNIVERSARY• 43%

• HIGHEST AND LOWEST MARRIAGE RATES IN CANADA• Newfoundland 55%, Quebec 38%

• TOP REASONS FOR DIVORCE( Stats Canada)• Relationship “runs out of steam”/fall out of • love• Communication breakdown• Unreasonable behaviour• Infidelity• Midlife crisis• Financial issues• Physical, psychological, or emotional abuse

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DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILYhttp://www.separation.ca/pdfs/divorcefacts.pdf• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES THAT GO TO TRIAL• 1-5%

• BUSIEST MONTH FOR DIVORCE• January, results from not wanting to spoil holidays

for children, New Years resolutions• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES INTITATED BY WOMEN• 66%

• PERENTAGE OF SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES HEADED BY WOMEN IN POVERTY• 52%

• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCED WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN VICTIMS OF ABUSE• 50%

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DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnNFW3IIvcc• ESTIMATED CHILDREN AFFECTED BY DIVORCE IN

CANADA• 35%

• PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN OF DIVORCED COUPLES• More alcohol and marijuana use• More problems with peers, authority figures• Children are less likely to marry and more likely to

divorce• DROPOUT RATES FOR CHILDREN OF DIVORCED COUPLES• 2 to 3 times the rate of married family children

• ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND SELF –ESTEEM ISSUES OF CHILDREN OF DIVORCE • Twice the rate of married family children• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dB3chibPz8Y

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THE CHANGING FAMILY

• The Impacts of Divorce on Students• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzmiSjycGm0

• Invisible Moms: Single Mothers and Child Poverty in Canada• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owyPWAja70Q

• Interracial families changing America• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa3Ospkeyng

• The Effects of Divorce on Men• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm12hCrKVps

• The Changing face of the Canadian Family• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugpYlgBQSGQ