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SOCIAL STUDIES Seventh Grade- Texas StudiesTexas and Texans by McGraw-Hill

Vocabulary *masteryOngoing

Affect -Tanalyzebiascategorizecausecompareconclude -Tconsequence

contrastdatadifferentiatediversityeffectevaluategeneralization

Impact -TInference -TInfluence -Tissueoption -Tpredictionprimary source

Reference -TResponsibility -Tsecondary sourcesequencesignificancesummarizationvisuals

FIRST 9 WEEKS: Texas Geography, Early Civilization,

Revised 5/26/2023 Social Studies 1 7th Grade

Exploration, Spanish Settlement of Texas

Vocabulary *masteryanthropologist *archaeologist *artifact *aquifer *barrier island *cardinal directions *climate *communication *compass rose *confederacy *-Tcontinent *country *culture *density *environment * -Tequator *forager *geography *hemisphere *

human-environment interaction *hurricane *intermediate directions *irrigation *latitude *legend *location *longitude *meridians *migration *movement *nomad *natural physical region *parallels *place *population distribution *prime meridian *region *

relief map *reservoir *rural *scale *sedentary *transportation *urban *weather *adobe*allianceassimilate *Catholicism *colony *colonization *conquistador *council *cultural borrowingemigrateempire *

expedition *explore / exploration *exportfortification *friar *heritageimmigrateimmigrationimportmission *presidio *pueblo *racialrevolt *settlement *surveytribe *viceroy

ACTIVITY: FIELD TRIP TO BOB BULLOCK MUSEUM

TEKS Subject: Texas Social Studies/Knowledge History

(7.2A) compare the cultures of American Indians in Texas prior to European colonization such as Gulf, Plains, Puebloan, and Southeastern;

Warlike, sedentary/nomad, hunter/gatherer/farming

Location, shelters, food sources, occupations, customs, adaptationsNative American Cultures of Texas

Southeastern Gulf Plains

Primary Source Lesson – Wichita and Comanche Villages


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/wichita/index.shtml


Puebloan

Characteristics of Culture Location Environment Food Clothing Shelter Beliefs/Customs

Native American Region locations Gulf Coast East Texas Plains West

Native Americans Groups Coahuiltecans Karankawas Caddoes Atakapans Alabama-Coushattas Apaches Comanches Kiowas Tonkawas, Wichitas Jumanos Tiguas Cherokees Kickapoos

(7.2B) identify important individuals, events, and issues related to European exploration of Texas such as Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, Álvar Núñez Cabeza

Columbus: discovered West Indies, opened a new area to European exploration

Gold, Glory and God: The Reasons for Spanish Exploration – Lesson Plan

The Spanish Reaction - Lesson Plan


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/SpainandFranceRivalryUnit3Lesson2.doc

http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/GodGoldGloryUnit3Lesson1.doc

http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/GodGoldGloryUnit3Lesson1.doc

de Vaca and his writings, the search for gold, and the conflicting territorial claims between France and Spain

Cortez – Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

DeVaca: as an Indian captive, explored and wrote about Texas

Coronado: Spanish explorer who explored and wrote about the plains of Texas; named the settlement of Amarillo

LaSalle: French explorer who tried to colonize the Texas coast for France, but failed

Issues: “God, Gold, Glory,” competition with France, mission system (missions located near water, fertile land, and peaceful tribes)

Individuals

Columbus- launched the European exploration and colonization of America

Cortez- conquered Mexico for Spain

Cabeza DeVaca- explored Texas, met Native Americans, and reported about Texas in his book Relación

Estevanico – First African in Texas, shipwrecked with deVaca

Coronado- explored the Southwest for Spain looking for riches; reported that the area north of Mexico had little value for Spain

LaSalle- built Fort St. Louis at

Primary Source Lesson – Coronado: Misfortune’s Explorer

Primary Source Lesson – Cabeza de Vaca


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/cabeza/index.shtml


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/coronado/index.shtml


Matagorda Bay for the French; threatened Spain’s domination of the area which led to mission system in Texas

Alvarez de Pineda- explored and mapped the Texas coast for Spain

Moscoso- traveled with DeSoto expedition and met Caddoes in East Texas

Alonso de León- discovered LaSalle’s abandoned fort and established some of the early unsuccessful missions in East Texas

Father Damián Massanet – accompanied de Leon to convert Native Americans

Francisco Hidalgo – tireless advocate for missions and Indians; attempted to reestablish missions in East Texas

Frey Marcos – incorrectly identified Cibola

Events Columbus Voyage Conquest of Mexico Pineda explores coastline of

Texas Cabeza de Vaca reports on Texas DeSoto-Moscoso expedition

reaches Texas First Texas mission established –

Corpus Christi de la Ysleta (El Paso)


LaSalle establishes Fort St. Louis Spanish establish the first mission

in east Texas (San Francisco de los Tejas)

Spanish establish San Antonio de Valero (Alamo)

El Camino Real Marques de Rubí report on Texas

missions Louisiana Purchase Filibuster expeditions Mexican Independence

Issues The 3 G’s - “Gold, Glory, and God” Spanish competition with France

and England positive and negative impact of

Columbian Exchange (disease, goods, etc.)

purpose of mission-presidio system (convert the natives – protect the missions)

challenges of mission system (Native American attacks, Native Americans unwilling to convert, mistreatment of Indians, soldiers/discipline, lack of settlers, lack of supplies, isolation, disease, etc…)

success/failure/legacy of missions (established farming/ranching, spread Spanish culture and language, difficulty converting Indians, failure to adequately


populate Texas)

(7.2C) identify important events and issues related to European colonization of Texas, including the establishment of Catholic missions, towns, and ranches, and individuals such as Fray Damián Massanet, José de Escandón, Antonio Margil de Jesús, and Francisco Hidalgo;Government

(7.15A) describe the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels;

The state is divided into 254 counties which are further divided into precincts.

Municipal – Governments that decide policies for cities and towns. Their responsibilities include police, fire, utilities, roads, and parks. City officials include Mayor, City Council, Justice of the Peace and local law enforcement agencies.

County – the commissioners’ court and county judge address local issues and sets property tax rate; Other responsibilities of the country include police protection, running county jail, hearing minor criminal and civil cases, keeping county records, and collecting taxes.

Primary Source Lesson – Lone Stars and Gun Smoke


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/rangers/index.shtml


State – The state governments provides money for health and human services, public education, highways, and other services. The state government creates (legislature), enforces (executive), and interprets (judicial) all Texas laws.

(7.15B) identify major sources of revenue for state and local governments such as property tax, sales tax, and fees;

State revenue comes from sales tax, motor fuels tax, vehicle sales and rental tax, franchise tax, federal grants, investments, license fees, and lottery fees.

Local revenue comes from property taxes, federal grants, and the state.

Culture Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.19A) explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities, celebrations, and performances

Examples:

Cinco de Mayo (Mexican-Americans), and/or Diez y Seis de Septiembre

Juneteenth (African-Americans)

Ongoing• Video-Texas Cultures <Benold>

(7.19C) identify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas such as place names, vocabulary, religion, architecture, food, and the arts;

Including but not limited to:

Names of counties and cities – Bexar, Zavala, Goliad, Amarillo, San Antonio, etc.

Rivers – Rio Grande, Guadalupe, Frio, etc.

Ongoing

Cultural Legacies – Lesson PlanLesson Slide Show PPT


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/missionsandSpanishculturalinfluence-revised.ppt

http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/Lesson4Unit3.doc

Landforms – Llano Estacado, Palo Duro Canyon, Mesa, Arroyo, etc.

Food

Cultural activities – Cinco de Mayo, Quinceniera, Diez y Seis, Fiesta, etc.

Spanish Cattle Industry – Vaquero(a), Lasso, Lariat, Sombrero, Rancho, Bronco, Rodeo, Mustang, etc.


SECOND 9 WEEKS: European/Anglo Colonization, Mexican Revolution, Steps to Texas Revolution, Texas Revolution

Vocabulary *masteryalcade *depressionEmpresarioEthnic -Tethnic groupfilibusterfrontierland grant *militia *-Trepublic *Tejano *title *vaquero *ad interimartillery *

bayou *cabinetcasualty *cavalry *census *civilian *constitution *convention *credit *custom dutydecree *delegate *dictatordispatch *

Federal -Tfortify *garrison *grievance *-Tinfantry *liberation *massacre *militia *-Tinvasion *oppression *provisional government *recruitregular army *Republic

retreat *resolution *revolution *runaway scrape *siege *siesta *skirmish *strategy *surrender at discretiontariff *-Ttreaty *-Ttyrant *unit *volunteer army *


TEKS Subject: Texas Social Studies/Knowledge History/Points of Reference Specificity District Focus and Resources (8.1A) identify the major eras and events in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting of the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the Second Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects;

Exploration, Colonization, Virginia House of Burgesses, Articles of Confederation, Formation of Government, Federalist Period, First Great Awakening, French and Indian War, causes of the American Revolution, American Revolution, Westward Expansion/Manifest Destiny, War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings, Industrial Revolution, Jacksonian Democracy, Reform, Civil War, Reconstruction,

Exploration: Columbus Colonial era 1607-1775: founding of

colonies, different economic activities, Three different colonial areas, each founded for different reason, New England colonies: Puritans, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire; Middle colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware; Southern colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia; French & Indian War

Revolutionary era 1775-1783 : Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, King George III, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, George Washington, declaring independence, battles of Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, Dissatisfaction with British rule, Declaration of

OngoingDistrict Focus-1821 and 1836


Independence; Constitutional era: Forging of a new,

independent country, Articles of Confederation, Constitution; Philadelphia, Bill o f Rights

Growth of the New Nation: 1st Presidents, Louisiana Purchase, 2nd War for Independence (War of 1812), Political Parties;

Age of Jackson: emphasis on common man is becoming important

Westward expansion (Manifest Destiny); Florida Territory, Oregon, Mexican War & Cession;

Civil War; Sectionalism: Northern Industrialism, Southern Agriculturism/Slavery;

Reconstruction ; 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments 8.1B and Yorktown and; the Treaty of Paris ; Constitutional era 1775-1789 ;James Madison, Alexander Hamilton ;Articles of Confederation, Philadelphia ;

(8.1C) explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, founding of Jamestown; 1620, arrival of the Pilgrims and signing of the Mayflower Compact; 1776, adoption of the Declaration of Independence; 1787, writing of the U.S. Constitution; 1803, Louisiana Purchase; and 1861-1865, Civil War.

1607 Jamestown – first permanent English settlement in North America) 1776 Declaration of Independence) 1787 Constitution written) 1803 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark Expedition1861-1865 Civil War

OngoingDistrict Focus-1607-1803

History/Prior to Texas Revolution Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.2C) identify important events and issues related to European colonization of

Including:

Moses Austin: made an agreement with

Primary Source Lesson – Lorenzo de Zavala Online: Empresario, Statesman


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/lorenzo/index.shtml


Texas, including the establishment of Catholic missions, towns, and ranches, and individuals such as Fray Damián Massanet, José de Escandón, Antonio Margil de Jesús, and Francisco Hidalgo;

the Spanish to start the first Anglo colony in Texas

Stephen F. Austin: known as the “Father of Texas,” first empresario who took over Texas land grant after his father died. He settled the original “Old 300”. He selected an ideal spot for his colony, successfully brought 1200 families to Texas, effectively enforced rules as empresario, and served as liaison between colonists and Mexican government,

Baron de Bastrop: helped Moses Austin secure a contract from the Mexican government to establish the first colony in Texas

Erasmo Seguin: successful rancher who served as alcalde of San Antonio, promoted the interests of Texas settlers, and helped write the Mexican Constitution of 1824.

Juan Seguin son of Erasmo Seguin; fought with the Texans against Santa Anna’s army during the Revolution. He assisted Stephen F. Austin in getting permission to settle Austin’s father’s land grants.

Green DeWitt: another important empresario who settled around 160 families on a land grant southwest of Austin’s

and Texas Revolutionary

Empresarios Wanted – Lesson Plan

Gone to Texas! – Lesson Plan


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/L5Unit3Lesson5G.T.T..doc

http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/tools/lessonplans/browse/71A.html


Martin DeLeon: another important empresario and rancher who settled around 200 Mexican families near the Texas coast; founded the town of Victoria and encouraged the development of the cattle industry in Texas

(7.2D) identify the individuals, issues, and events related to Mexico becoming an independent nation and its impact on Texas, including Texas involvement in the fight for independence, José Gutiérrez de Lara, the Battle of Medina, the Mexican federal Constitution of 1824, the merger of Texas and Coahuila as a state, the State Colonization Law of 1825, and slavery;)

Encouraged immigration to Texas, was similar to the US constitution, was supported by Anglo-Texans, finally rejected by Dictator Santa Anna

established the first constitutional government of Mexico that was patterned after U.S. Constitution with some exceptions (i.e. state supported church)

central government weak, strong state governments

states could set their own rules for colonization; supported by Texas colonists

empresarios acted as land agents and liaisons between colony and Mexican government

encouraged immigration to Texas Santa Anna quickly abolished this

constitution and established a strong central government which ultimately leads to the Texas Revolution

Conflicting Spanish and Anglo Goals – Lesson Plan

(7.2E) identify the contributions of significant individuals, including Moses Including:


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/L6Anglomotives.doc


Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Erasmo Seguín, Martín De León, and Green DeWitt, during the Mexican settlement of Texas; and

Filibusters – Individuals who rebelled against Spanish and later Mexican authorities

Fredonian Revolt: Edwards brothers in Nacogdoches unsuccessfully tried to establish their own republic outside of Mexican control; confirmed Mexican fears that colonists were trying to take control of Texas; Austin sent militia along with Mexican troops to suppress rebellion

Mier y Teran Report: Mexico focused its concern on Texas after the Fredonian Revolt and the U.S. attempt to purchase Texas. It decided to send Mier y Teran to report on what was happening in Texas. He strongly recommended that Mexico gain better control over Texas.

Law of April 6, 1830:

-outlawed U.S. immigration to Texas, but encouraged European and Mexican immigration -no more slaves could enter Texas -more Mexican troops in Texas; new military posts established


-custom duties placed on all goods entering from U.S. -increased tensions between Texas and Mexican government -created conflict between states’rights advocates and centralists in Mexico

The Turtle Bayou Resolutions: Texas colonists gathered and drafted a resolution that accused the government of ignoring the law, the Constitution of 1824. They pledged their loyalty to the constitution and their support for Santa Anna. They wanted to make clear that they were calling for reform, not revolution. This was the first organized protest against Mexico by Texas citizens.

Conventions of 1832 and 1833:

-pledged support of Constitution of 1824 -called for repeal of Law of April 6, 1830 -allow U.S. immigration -do away with customs duties -divide state of Coahuila y Tejas -drafted a constitution for the state of Texas -provide more and better government services


Many Mexicans viewed these resolutions as defiance of the government.

Arrest of Stephen F. Austin: Soon after Santa Anna took control of the Mexican government, Austin carried these resolutions to Mexico City. While waiting for Santa Anna’s response to the resolutions, Austin sent an angry letter to San Antonio directing them to set up a state government for Texas. Meanwhile, Santa Anna agreed to most of the resolutions, but disagreed with a separate statehood for Texas. Austin’s letter was intercepted and he was accused of treason and arrested as he made his way back to Texas. Things remained calmpolitically in Texas during Austin’s stay in prison.

Actions of Santa Anna: In order to secure power for himself, Santa Anna abolished the Constitution of 1824 and created a centralist government for Mexico, leaving the states with little power.

Anahuac Revolts: conflicts over collection of customs duties caused Mexican officials to bring in more soldiers to control area.


As a result, a group of Texans led by William B. Travis expelled Mexican forces from Anahuac. Mexican officials demanded that Travis and others be arrested and tried in a military court.

Consultation of 1835: Delegates met in San Felipe and decided against calling for immediate independence, but sought to protect themselves from Santa Anna’s policies and fight for the Constitution of 1824.

(7.2F) contrast Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo purposes for and methods of settlement in Texas.

Catholicism, taxes, improvements, to escape debt (Anglos), slavery (Anglos wanted, Mexicans didn’t), to start a new life (Anglos—Mexicans had been there for generations)

Spanish Purposes for Settlement:

Prosperity/make money

to protect land from other countries

to convert Native Texans to Christianity

to spread Spanish culture

Anglo Purposes for Settlement:

to gain cheap land for agriculture

to escape problems in U.S.

to make money

Conflicting Spanish and Anglo Goals – Lesson Plan




freedom/adventure

escape from paying high taxes

Spanish Method of Settlement:

mission-presidio system

encouraged settlement by Spanish citizens

Anglo Method of Settlement:

land grants managed by empresarios

encouraged settlement by U.S. citizens

Texas Revolution Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.3A) trace the development of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Fredonian Rebellion, the Mier y Terán Report, the Law of April 6, 1830, the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, and the arrest of Stephen F. Austin;

Including: George Childress: wrote Texas

Declaration of Independence

Lorenzo de Zavala: administered a land grant, established a colony in Texas, and took an active role in Mexican government and helped write the Mexican Constitution of 1824; he fled Mexico when Santa Anna became dictator and became of supporter of Texas independence; he participated in Convention of 1836 and served as vice-president of interim govt. during Revolution

Primary Source Lesson – Lorenzo de Zavala Online: Empresario, Statesman and Texas Revolutionary

Primary Source Lesson – Remember the Alamo

Primary Source Lesson – The Mier Expedition


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/mier/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/mier/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/alamo/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/alamo/index.shtml




James Fannin: agitator for Texas Revolution; commander at Goliad where his troops were captured and executed by order of Santa Anna; “Remember Goliad” became a Texas battle cry

Sam Houston: Texas hero; delegate to Convention of 1833; attended Washington on the Brazos convention; general of Texas army during the Revolution; commander at San Jacinto; became first president of the Republic of Texas

Santa Anna: the dictator of Mexico who led the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution; commander of Mexican army at the Alamo; he was captured at the Battle of San Jacinto and signed the peace treaty at Velasco

William B. Travis: attorney/leader in early conflicts between Mexico and Texas; colonel and commander at the Battle of the Alamo; authored famous letter from Alamo which rallied support for Texans

Martin Perfecto de Cos: Mexican general and commander who led forces that attempted to arrest


Texans who criticized Santa Anna

Others that also may be mentioned : James Bowie, David Crockett, Susanna Dickinson, Ben Milam, Stephen F. Austin, Juan Seguin, James Bonham??

(7.3B) explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Lorenzo de Zavala, James Fannin, Sam Houston, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan N. Seguín, and William B. Travis;

Including:

Battle of Gonzales : Texans refused to return a cannon to the Mexican army; when the army arrived, the Texans fired the cannon and the Mexican army retreated to San Antonio; these actions along with the Come And Take It flag illustrated the increasing defiance against the Mexican government; the “Lexington” of the Texas Revolution; this was the battle that began the Texas Revolution.

Siege of Bexar (San Antonio) – Texans capture San Antonio from General Cos

Siege of the Alamo : the 13 day siege between the Texans and Mexicans at San Antonio “Remember the Alamo” becomes the Texas battle cry; Travis, Bowie and Crockett defend the Alamo against Sam Houston’s orders

• History Channel • Movie-Thirteen Days to Glory • Movie-The Alamo starring John Wayne • Michener’s Texas Video • Video-Sam Houston starring Sam Elliot • Alamo CD with site License <Benold> • Video-Travis Back in Time <Benold> • Video-Houston Back in Time <Tippit> • Video-Goliad


Convention of 1836 : gathering of men at Washington on the Brazos; they adopted the Texas Declaration of Independence, wrote the Constitution of 1836, and created an interim government

Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad : Fannin’s indecision causes him to surrender to Mexican troops at Goliad. Santa Anna orders the execution of over 400 Texas soldiers. “Remember Goliad” also becomes a Texas battle cry.

Runaway Scrape: Texans flee from advancing Mexican army

Battle of San Jacinto : Texans defeated Mexican forces in 18 minutes in the final battle of the Revolution. Santa Anna is captured and signs Treaties of Velasco which ends fighting and gives Texas its independence.

Geography/Population Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.11A) analyze why immigrant groups came to Texas and where they settled; Motivation for immigration: drought,

oppression, potato blight, fertile land, role of rivers, climate, similarities in land, employment opportunities

Why Germans, Irish, Polish chose the

• Robertson’s Colony Books <Benold>

Immigration Unit


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/ImmigrationUnit.pdf

areas they did (location of New Braunfels, La Reunion, Castroville, Panna Maria)

Anglo-Americans are attracted to Texas because of fertile soil, cheap land, and new opportunities.

African Americans were originally introduced to Texas through slavery and later through economic opportunities.

A shared border with Mexico leads to a large Mexican-American population.

Vietnamese immigrants settled along the Texas coast to escape political persecution and to work in the shrimp industry.

(7.11B) analyze how immigration and migration to Texas in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries have influenced Texas;

Immigration from Europe and southern United States, cultural borrowing

Examples

Southerners brought their attitudes about slavery to Texas

Spanish brought architecture and language to Texas

Europeans brought different religions and cultures to Texas

American settlers brought ideas about government to Texas

Spanish introduce the cattle/ranching industry to Texas

Ongoing


Various cultures have influenced native Texan cuisine and celebrations

(8.11C) analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the United States during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries;

French trapper traders

British farmers

Spanish missions

Ongoing

Culture Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.19A) explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities, celebrations, and performances;

Examples:

Cinco de Mayo (Mexican-Americans), and/or Diez y Seis de Septiembre

Juneteenth (African-Americans)

Ongoing

Immigration Unit

(7.19C) identify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas such as place names, vocabulary, religion, architecture, food, and the arts;





Food


Spanish Cattle Industry –

Ongoing


http://www.georgetownisd.org/ccorner/socstudies/documents/ImmigrationUnit.pdf

Vaquero(a), Lasso, Lariat, Sombrero, Rancho, Bronco, Rodeo, Mustang, etc.

THIRD 9 WEEKS: Republic and Early Statehood, Civil War Frontier Times, Cattle Drives and Ranching Reconstruction

Vocabulary *mastery


ad interimamendment *-Tannexation *-Tarchives *balanced budget *billcapital *capitol *cash crop *cede *cession *charterconsecutive *convention *expenditure *governor *hard moneymanifest destiny *

Migrate -Tprovisional government *ratify *-Trevenue *-Tspeculatortariff *-Tabolish -Tabolitionist -Tagrarianassassinationblack codesblockadeblockade runnersBorder Statesbrigadecampaigncarpetbagger

cattle drivecivil warcompulsoryconfederacy -TCongressional Reconstructionconscriptiondroveremancipation -TFreedman’s BureauImpeach -TJim Crow Lawsmartial lawmustangpensionPresidential ReconstructionproclamationRadical Republicans

Reconstruction -Trenegaderepealscalawagsecedesecessionistsharecropperslaveslaverystate’s rightsstockyardtallowtenant farmertreasonunion -Tvigilantewrangler

TEKS Subject: Texas Social Studies/Knowledge History/Early Texas Statehood Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.4A) identify individuals, events, and issues during the administrations of Republic of Texas Presidents Houston, Lamar, and Jones, including the Texas Navy, the Texas Rangers, Edwin W. Moore, Jack Coffee Hays, Chief Bowles, William Goyens, Mary Maverick, José Antonio Navarro, the Córdova Rebellion, the Council House Fight, the Santa Fe Expedition, public debt, and the roles of racial and ethnic groups;

Including:

Annexation : becoming part of U.S. ; most Texans wanted it; some U.S. citizens opposed it because of slavery, others feared war with Mexico

Sam Houston : first president of Texas; favored annexation; tried to protect Native Americans

Mirabeau B. Lamar : second president of Texas; opposed annexation; called the “Father of

Primary Source Lesson – Texas Annexation: United We Stand?

Annexation of Texas – Lesson Plan


http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/tools/lessonplans/plans/120.html

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/annexation/index.shtml


Education” in Texas; wanted Texas to expand westward; reversed policy on treatment of Native Americans; relocated capital from Houston to Austin

Anson Jones : last elected president of the Republic of Texas; handed over power to new governor of Texas when Texas became a state

Problems of the Republic of Texas : location of capital, lack of recognition, annexation/slavery, unrest in army, conflicts with Native Americans, debt, border disputes with Mexico

The Texas Rangers : law enforcement group initially formed to protect settlers along the frontier (after Civil War became a police force in Texas); assisted U.S. army during U.S.-Mexican war

The U.S.-Mexican War : war between United States and Mexico over territory; after Texas was admitted as a state, Zachary Taylor’s U.S. troops met Mexican troops near Brownsville; this prompted Polk to request war

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo : gave Mexican cession to U.S.; established border between U.S. and Mexico at the Rio Grande

(7.4B) analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation;

Causes Texas independence Primary Source Lesson – Texas



American citizens living in Texas desired protection of U.S.

U.S. desire to expand west/Louisiana Purchase/Manifest Destiny

financial problems of republic – debt from the Texas Revolution

U.S. fear of European influence in Texas – British commercial interest

Events Sam Houston elected to second

term – in favor of annexation James K. Polk becomes U.S.

president – supports annexation Most U.S. citizens support

annexation, some Americans were reluctant to admit Texas to Union as a slave state since it would lead to further sectionalism – contributed eventually to U.S. Civil War

Westward Expansion – Manifest Destiny

Annexation: United We Stand?

Annexation of Texas – Lesson Plan

(7.4C) identify individuals, events, and issues during early Texas statehood, including the U.S.-Mexican War, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, population growth, and the Compromise of 1850.

(8.6D) T2 explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States;(8.6E) T2 identify areas that were acquired to form the United States,

Northwest Territory




including the Louisiana Purchase. Louisiana Territory

Florida

Texas

Mexican Cession

Gadsden Purchase

Oregon Country

California

History/Civil War and Reconstruction Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.5A) explain reasons for the involvement of Texas in the Civil War such as states' rights, slavery, sectionalism, and tariffs;

Cotton production, slavery, states’ rights, sectionalism, southern agriculture, loyalty to Confederacy

The United States experienced an ongoing sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery, sovereignty of states, and the different economic and social structures of the North and South.

In Texas States Rights – Texans believed

that states should be able to make their own political, economic and social decisions

Texans believed that slavery was vital to economy

Many Texas settlers had come from Southern states

Texas was dependent on cotton farming – chief cash crop


Some groups supported secession out of party loyalty

Some groups concerned about lack of protection by federal government along western frontier and Texas-Mexico border

Most Texans were Democrats-opposed to policies of Republican party

Convention and voters decide to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy

(7.5B) analyze the political, economic, and social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas;

Political Effects Texas joins Confederate States of

America Houston removed from office

because he failed to sign an oath to Confederacy

Conscription Act – 60,000 Texans joined Confederate army

no police or military available to preserve order in Texas

Presidential reconstruction – Johnson’s Plan

Congressional Reconstruction – Radical Republicans

Problems associated with readmitting states into the Union

Constitution of 1876 resulted in a weaker governor’s office because of the Constitutions of 1866 and 1869

100 years of Democratic Party rule in Texas

• Movie-Red River starring John Wayne

Primary Source Lesson – Charging into Battle with Hood’s Texas Brigade

A Reconstruction Plan for Texas – Lesson Plan



http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/nellie/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/nellie/index.shtml

Economic Effects shortages of commodities, such as

including coffee, medicine, clothing, salt, paper

trade along Mexican border continued and supplied some of these items to Texans

cotton production declines-corn and wheat production increases

shortage of free labor inadequate production in agriculture

and business transportation disrupted; growth of

tenant farming and sharecropping Texas did not suffer as much

destruction as other Southern states

Social Effects greater responsibilities for women

and children during the war loss of family members concern over future of freedmen June 19th or Juneteenth celebrated

by freed slaves Freedmen’s Bureau established Jim Crow laws and KKK became

features of Southern segregation Immigration to Texas increased lack of funding for education-local

responsibility

(7.5C) identify significant individuals and events concerning Texas and the Civil War such as John Bell Hood, John


Reagan, Francis Lubbock, Thomas Green, John Magruder and the Battle of Galveston, the Battle of Sabine Pass, and the Battle of Palmito Ranch.

(8.7B) compare the effects of political, economic, and social factors on slaves and free blacks;

Nat Turner (Slave Rebellion) and slave codes

Dred Scott Decision

discrimination of free blacks in the North

Primary Source Lesson – Runaway Slaves

(8.7C) analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States;

fight over whether or not to extend slavery into the territories

states’ rights,

preservation of the Union

emancipation

Primary Source Lesson – Runaway Slaves

(8.12B) explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery;

Including these reasons:

Rich soil and long growing season allows for the growth of cash crops (including tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo and sugar cane)

a large work force is needed to cultivate these crops; the decrease of indentured servants leads to a dependency on slave labor

triangular trade route

effects of the cotton gin: cotton growing became profitable, increase in demand for slaves and land to grow cotton, cotton growing and


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/slavery/index.shtml




slavery moved west

South wanted slavery to spread into the territories so they could keep power in Congress to preserve the economic system in the South.

20th Century Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.6A) identify significant individuals, events, and issues from Reconstruction through the beginning of the 20th century, including the factors leading to the expansion of the Texas frontier, the effects of westward expansion on American Indians, the buffalo soldiers, and Quanah Parker;

Individuals James Hogg – popular governor

who fought for railroad regulation and other reforms and populist issues

Cynthia Ann Parker-Anglo woman who, as a girl, was captured and raised by the Comanches. Her son Quannah Parker became a powerful Comanche leader.

Buffalo Soldiers – a group of African-American soldiers who patrolled the Texas frontier after the Civil War and were known for their outstanding service

Henry O. Flipper – First African American West Point graduate; served in Texas; heavily discriminated against.

Issues Factors leading to expansion of

frontier- killing of buffalo herds, movement of Native Americans to reservations, desire for farming and ranching land, introduction of windmills, growth of railroads


Effects of westward expansion on Native Americans: relocation to reservations, slaughter of buffalo, loss of culture/way of life; War, disease, and starvation took many Native American lives.

Effects of railroad growth-moved Texas from subsistence to commercial farming; ended cattle drives and open range; led to growth of cities; brought diversity/new immigrants to Texas; expanded markets

Myths and realities of cowboy way of life-American culture celebrated the cowboy as heroic adventurer on the wild frontier; many different kinds of people (African-Americans, Tejanos, women) were involved in cattle industry

Events Development of Cattle Industry-

Began with Spanish vaqueros, and later as the frontier opened up, the cattle industry evolved in Texas from the use of cattle trails to the establishment of large cattle ranches.

Spindletop-This oilfield discovered near Beaumont marked the beginning of the modern oil industry in Texas.

(7.6B) identify significant individuals, Cattle-industry resulted from cheap and She's Blowing a Gusher- By Pump Jack



events, and issues from Reconstruction through the beginning of the 20th century, including the development of the cattle industry from its Spanish beginnings and the myths and realities of the cowboy way of life;

overabundance of cattle after the Civil War and demand for beef in the North, retreat from agricultural farming to ranching, wealth produced because of ranching

Oil – industry resulted from oil found in Beaumont. More than 500 oil companies

Cattle Allowed for the economic recovery

of Texas after the Civil War open frontier allowed Texans to

herd large numbers of cattle then drive them to markets by trail or train

conflicts erupted between farmers and ranchers as open range closed; furnished beef to Confederacy during Civil War

brought cash revenue to Texas and employed people

foreign capital invested in industry fencing allows for more efficient use

of land and improvement in the quality of herds

The closing of the frontier and irrigation (windmills) allows for ranching in West Texas

Oil large companies, like Texaco,

formed automobile industry expanded and

roads improved oil refineries built near cities like

and the Oilers – Lesson Plan

Texas Cattle Kingdom – Lesson Plan




Houston provided more jobs to Texans the sale and leasing of oil fields

helped produced revenue for universities and public schools in Texas

wildcatters, roughnecks, wealthy oil men

large quantities of oil were discovered in the Permian Basin of West Texas

(8.6C) analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation;

It was the nation’s destiny or fate to expand westward from sea to sea

(8.9C) explain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups;

Possible Questions:

Why most Texans live in the Coastal Plains?

Why fewer Texans live in the West?

Why are plains well suited to cattle raising?

Why did Texas move from a mostly rural to a mostly urban population?

Why various regions of Texas are more suitable to farming?

Geography/Population District Focus and Resources (8.11C) describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the United States during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

French trapper traders

British farmers


Spanish missions

Culture Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.19C) identify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas such as place names, vocabulary, religion, architecture, food, and the arts;





Food


Spanish Cattle Industry – Vaquero(a), Lasso, Lariat, Sombrero, Rancho, Bronco, Rodeo, Mustang, etc.

Ongoing

(8.24A) describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement;

People wanted to abolish slavery; Uncle Tom’s Cabin caused more people to become abolitionists.

• Traces roots to Benjamin Franklin in 18th century; Second Great Awakening; William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator ; Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth; Underground Railroad/Harriet Tubman; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Thirteenth Amendment.


Science, Technology, and Society Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.20C) analyze the effects of various scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the development of Texas such as advancements in the agricultural, energy, medical, computer, and aerospace industries;

Including:

Barbed Wire – closed the open range and initiated the era of large cattle ranches in Texas

Windmill – allowed farmers and ranchers in dry parts of the state access to underground water

Oil and gas – served as an energy source for new forms of transportation which allowed better movement of goods to markets

Aerospace industry – the LBJ Space Center in Houston helped develop the first space shuttle and became the center for research and development of manned spacecraft in the U.S.

Electronics – the development of the microchip leads to the growth of the computer technology industry in Texas.

Ongoing

(8.27B) analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States;

Steamboats, canals, railroads, roads Ongoing


TEKS Subject: Texas Social Studies/Skills

FOURTH 9 WEEKS: 20th Century Texas (as part of a modern world), Urbanization, Texas Government, Modern Texans, Contributions of Texans

Vocabulary *mastery


checks and balances *chief executive *citizen *civic responsibilitiescivil lawconstitution *criminal lawendowment fundexecutive branch *felony *grand juryimpeach *-Tindictment *individual rightsinterestjoint resolutionjudicial branch *jurisdiction -Tjuror *legislative branch *lieutenant governorline item vetominority leadermisdemeanor *no billoverride –T

oversightpetit jurypetition *plea bargainpoll taxpopular sovereigntysales tax *separation of power *special session verdict *veto*aerospaceagribusinessantitrustaffirmative actionarmisticebilingual educationcensusCivil Rightscold warcombinecommission formdeportdesegregationdepression *derrick

dry holeDust Bowl *economyfaultfolklorefraudfree enterprisegeneral electiongeologistherbicidehigh technologyholocaust *incumbentintegrationinterstate -Tintrastatelabor unionleaselobby MaquiladorasMonopoly -Tpensionpetrochemicalpetroleumpipelineplatform

Primary -TProfit -Tprogressivismprorationprohibitionquota systemredistrictregulationrefineryreform -Trefugeesatellitesegregationslatespeaker of the housespecial electionssocial securitysuffragesupply and demandtankerterrorist *tidal wavetidelandstrustwildcatter


TEKS Subject: Texas Social Studies/Knowledge 20th Century Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.7A) explain the political, economic, and social impact of the oil industry on the industrialization of Texas;

Boom and Bust Cycle – a long period of great profits, followed by a sharp decline

Including:Farming/Cotton

Weather (drought, freeze, hail) insects and disease (i.e. boll

weevil) high credit, falling prices, surplus transportation costs events, such as WW I, Great

Depression, and Dust Bowl increased mechanization, use of

fertilizers, scientific improvements foreign competition industrialization and urbanization

Oil and Gas demand for oil increases with its

development as an energy source for automobiles and industry

1901 Spindletop gusher at Beaumont starts oil boom in Texas

More oil discoveries across state 1914 Houston Ship Channel

opened-expanded markets WW II increased demand for oil 1950s - Rise of petrochemical

industry 1973 – OPEC oil embargo led to

fuel shortages and energy crisis

It Was a Boom, Before It Went Bust! – Lesson Plan



Energy crisis resulted in high oil prices which created a boom for oil industry, but hurt average Texans

Increased foreign production and falling prices led to oil bust in 1980s

Cattle Ranching thieves, drought, and disease

hurt early ranchers railroads, better transportation

improved industry cattle drives helped make

ranching more profitable for a short time

the closing of the range resulted in the establishment of large cattle ranches

the overproduction of cattle in 1880s caused prices to fall

Poor range management / overstocking contributed to the rapid decline of cattle production

new techniques in breeding led to better quality beef

Real Estate and Banking After Civil War, banks flourished

in Texas due to cotton production and other trade

Panic of 1907 led to banking reform in Texas

Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas established in 1914


Prior to WW II, the banking industry was unstable

Banking operations increased after WW II

During 1970s more Texas industries used Texas banks for financing

Many Texas banks failed during the 1980s due to financing with struggling energy companies, the collapse of the real estate market, and fraud and mismanagement in the savings and loan industry

The real estate market also suffered in the 1980s as a result of bank closings

(7.7B) Evaluate the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Industrialization, mechanization, skilled labor, antitrust laws, limiting monopolies, Prohibition

Farmers established organizations, like the Grange and the Southern Farmers’ Alliance, that provided cooperative stores and lobbied for lower freight charges.

The Populist Party formed in 1891 to reduce the influence of big business on government. They ran several candidates who were elected to office during the 1890s.

The Democratic Party adopted some

Moving Towards Reform – Lesson Plan



of the issues of the Populist Party.

The popular, twice-elected Governor James Hogg promoted progressive changes, such as antitrust legislation, regulation of railroads, teacher training, and prison reform.

Other reforms supported by progressives included fair election practices, efficient government, improved working conditions, food and drug regulations, and better public schools.

The temperance movement was successful in passing the 18th Amendment which banned the sale of alcohol.

The Suffrage movement was successful in passing the 19th Amendment which gave American women the right to vote.

Most of these reforms did not reach African-Americans and Mexican-Americans in Texas.

(7.7B) define and trace the impact of "boom-and-bust" cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries such as farming, oil and gas production, cotton, ranching, real estate, banking, and computer technology;


(7.7C) describe and compare the impact of the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries such as the Populists, women's suffrage, agrarian groups, labor unions, and the evangelical movement of the late 20th century;

Including: Groups, such as African-Americans,

Hispanics, and women sought equal rights as citizens throughout the 20th century.

African-Americans, in particular, used marches, speeches, and civil disobedience to fight segregation and protest laws that were unjust. This resulted in the passage of important civil rights legislation in the 1960s.

Women’s rights activists fought for equal rights which ultimately resulted in the passage of the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (Women’s Right to Vote).

James Farmer – an important civil

rights leader and co-founder of the Congress for Racial Equality, an organization that encouraged nonviolent resistance to fight discrimination

Hector P. Garcia – World War II veteran and founder of the American GI Forum who fought discrimination against Hispanics and promoted their involvement in state and national politics

Oveta Culp Hobby – an influential Texas woman who held numerous


leadership positions, including the head of the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and publisher of the Houston Post.

Lyndon Baines Johnson – Texan who served as a representative to the U.S. House and Senate and president of the United States; he signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned segregation in public places and the Voting Rights Act which helped protect voting rights for all citizens. He also increase American involvement in the Vietnam war.

(7.7D) describe and compare the civil rights and equal rights movements of various groups in Texas in the 20th century and identify key leaders in these movements, including James L. Farmer Jr., Hector P. Garcia, Oveta Culp Hobby, Lyndon B. Johnson, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), Jane McCallum, and Lulu Belle Madison White;

WW I

Political – Texas leaders, such as Edward House, played key roles in Wilson administration; patriotism rose

Economic – Texans purchased war bonds; gave up certain foods and increased agricultural production; Texas oil, agriculture, and lumber industries experienced a boom; full employment in Texas; farmers suffered after war

Social – 200,000 Texans fought; training in Texas; women became

20th Century Books and Videos <Benold Library>

Primary Source Lesson – Failed Diplomacy: the Zimmermann Telegram

Primary Source Lesson – Iwo Jima: Forgotten Valor


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/wwIIjimo/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/wwIIjimo/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/wwI/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/wwI/index.shtml

more involved in agriculture and business; Germans in Texas faced discrimination; racial tensions increase; more than 5000 Texans lost their lives

WW II Political – Texans, such as

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Chester W. Nimitz, and Oveta Culp Hobby served in important leadership positions during the war; Democratic Party in Texas split into liberals and conservatives

Economic – military needs boosted Texas economy; created strong job market; goods were rationed; Texans purchased war bonds, collected scrap materials, and planted victory gardens; state of Texas paid off debt; further urbanization

Social – 750,000 Texans served in armed forces; many Texas women joined the workplace or served in the military; soldiers trained at military bases in Texas; 23,000 Texans lost their lives; more support and funding for public schools in Texas; GI Bill helped veterans; African-Americans and Hispanics resist discrimination after war


(7.7E) analyze the political, economic, and social impact of major events, including World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II, on the history of Texas;

Since the Civil War, Texas was predominantly Democratic until the election of Republican Bill Clements. Since then, Republicans have predominantly (Ann Richards is the exception) held most offices since the election of George Bush as governor.

(7.7F) analyze the political, economic, and social impact of major events in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries such as major conflicts, the emergence of a two-party system, political and economic controversies, immigration, and migration.

Geography/Population Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.11C) analyze the effects of the changing population distribution and growth in Texas during the 20th and 21st centuries and the additional need for education, health care, and transportation;

New wave of immigration and border difficulties

Rural to urban

Growing population of Hispanics

Greater diversity

(7.11D) describe the structure of the population of Texas using demographic concepts such as growth rate and age distribution.

Including growth rate, and other demographic information

Growth rate – speed of growth

Immigration distribution/rate

Economics/Urbanization Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.12A) explain economic factors that led Emergence of industry (oil, Revised 5/26/2023 Social Studies

48 7th Grade

to the urbanization of Texas; petrochemical, defense, cattle, textiles, medical, tourism, financial institutions)

Migration for jobs

Commercial farming

Expansion of railroads

New technology (electricity, telephone, automobiles, lighting, public transportation, electronics and computers, aerospace)

(7.12B) trace the development of major industries that contributed to the urbanization of Texas such as transportation, oil and gas, and manufacturing;

Cotton- cash crop to commercial farming

Cattle- Spanish beginnings, cattle drives, meat packing industry

Oil- Spindletop to modern petrochemical industry

Technology- Texas Instruments to Dell Computers

Aerospace- NASA

(7.12C) explain the changes in the types of jobs and occupations that have resulted from the urbanization of Texas.

Urbanization is the process of city growth and development. Due to urbanization, the percentage of people living or working in urban places increases compared to the percentage living in rural places.

The types of jobs move from the agricultural sector into the industrial, technological, or service sectors.


(8.12C) explain the reasons for the increase in factories and urbanization;


Economics/Interdependence with US Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.13A) analyze the impact of national and international markets and events on the production of goods and services in Texas such as agriculture, oil and gas, and computer technology;

Cotton, tariffs, European markets during Civil War

Examples

Union Navel blockade of the Texas coast during the Civil War

Both WWI and WW II generated economic booms in Texas

Great Depression left thousands of Texans unemployed. FDR and “New Deal” program assisted in helping Texans recover from the impact of the Great Depression.

OPEC influences the Texas oil industry (prices, production)

Primary Source Lesson – Life in the Civilian Conservation Corps

(7.13B) analyze the impact of economic concepts within the free enterprise system such as supply and demand, profit, government regulation, and world competition on the economy of Texas;

Including:

Supply – the amount of goods available

Demand – the desire to own something and the ability to pay for it

Profit –the return received on a business after all operating expenses have been met

Government regulation –laws or actions by the government that affect the outcome of business

World competition – rivalry between


http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/ccc/index.shtml

http://texashistory.unt.edu/young/educators/ccc/index.shtml

countries in supplying or acquiring an economic service or good

Free Enterprise system – economic system in which businesses operate with little interference from government

Examples:

The Texas economy has profited from the world demand for oil.

U.S. military bases established in Texas boosted local economies.

Texas cattle ranchers met the demand for beef in the late 1800s.

The Texas Railroad Commission- regulates the oil industry

Anti-trust law- prevents monopolies in industry

NAFTA- results in an outsourcing of jobs to other countries

(7.13C) analyze the impact of significant industries in Texas such as oil and gas, aerospace, medical, and computer technologies on local, national, and international markets.

All of these industries provided jobs to the local market and provided products and services to national and international markets.

Examples include:

Oil and Gas

Texas oil corporations branch out internationally (Saudi Arabia, Libya, etc.)


Aerospace

After NASA was established, Houston became a primary site for research and development in aerospace and provided many jobs to researchers and high tech specialists.

Medical Technology

MD Anderson Hospital provides the latest in cancer treatment to patients from all over the world.

Texas Instruments and Dell computers provide products and services nationally and internationally

Government Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.15A) describe the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels;

The state is divided into 254 counties which are further divided into precincts.

Municipal – Governments that decide policies for cities and towns. Their responsibilities include police, fire, utilities, roads, and parks. City officials include Mayor, City Council, Justice of the Peace and local law enforcement agencies.

Primary Source Lesson – Lone Stars and Gun Smoke




County – the commissioners’ court and county judge address local issues and sets property tax rate; Other responsibilities of the country include police protection, running county jail, hearing minor criminal and civil cases, keeping county records, and collecting taxes.

State – The state governments provides money for health and human services, public education, highways, and other services. The state government creates (legislature), enforces (executive), and interprets (judicial) all Texas laws.

(7.15B) identify major sources of revenue for state and local governments such as property tax, sales tax, and fees;

State revenue comes from sales tax, motor fuels tax, vehicle sales and rental tax, franchise tax, federal grants, investments, license fees, and lottery fees.

Local revenue comes from property taxes, federal grants, and the state.

(7.15C) describe the structure, funding, and governance of Texas public education, including local property taxes, bond issues, and state and federal funding supported by state and federal taxpayers.

Lamar’s role as Father of Public Education

Land set aside for education

The endowment fund

Texas Education Agency

House Bill 72

Robin Hood School Finance Plan


Citizenship Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.16A) identify rights of Texas citizens; Freedom of speech

Religion, press

Right to trial by jury

Right to bear arms

Right to vote

Right to run for political office

Know Your Rights – Lesson Plan

(7.16B) explain and analyze civic responsibilities of Texas citizens and the importance of civic participation.

Voting,

Serving on jury

Obeying the law,

Knowledge of the law

Public service

Paying taxes

Know Your Rights – Lesson Plan

(7.17A) identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important Texas issues, past and present;

Examples:

Democrats – believe that government should play a more prominent role in the lives of citizens

Republicans – believe that individuals, not the government, should be responsible for themselves and their wellbeing

The Populist Party – Represented farmers interests

LULAC (League of United Latin




American Citizens) – believe in protecting the civil rights of the state’s Hispanics

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) - believe in protecting the civil rights of African Americans

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) – support passage of laws designed to prevent drunk driving

(7.17B) describe the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society; Freedom of speech allows citizens to

express their opinions about the government.

Freedom of the press allows citizens to be informed about what happens in their local, state, and national governments.

(7.17C) express and defend a point of view on an issue of historical or contemporary interest in Texas.

Including, but not limited to:

What made Texas desirable to Anglo Americans, Mexicans, and European immigrants? Include information on climate, cattle, fertile and cheap land.

(8.19B) summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights;

Citizenship/Leadership in a Democratic Society

Specificity District Focus and Resources


(7.18A) identify the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of Texas, past and present, including Texans who have been president of the United States

Including:

Past leaders - David Burnet, Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, Anson Jones, James Hogg, Ma and Pa Ferguson, Pappy O’Daniel

Contemporary leaders - Ann Richards, Bob Bullock, Barbara Jordan, Lyndon B. Johnson, George Bush., George W. Bush

Leadership Qualities: Sense of humor, ability to communicate, ability to work with both parties, ability to persuade, ability to compromise, compassionate, honest and intelligent

Take a Stand – Lesson Plan

(7.18B) identify the contributions of Texas leaders, including Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross, John Nance Garner ("Cactus Jack"), James A. Baker III, Henry B. González, Kay Bailey Hutchison, Barbara Jordan, Raymond L. Telles, Sam Rayburn, and Raul A. Gonzalez Jr.

Texas Leaders including:

Henry B. Gonzalez-served on San Antonio city council, as a representative in the Texas Senate, and as a representative in the U.S. Congress for over 30 years; he encouraged Mexican-Americans to become more involved in Texas politics

Phil Gramm – served in both the U.S. House and Senate and taught economics at Texas A&M

Barbara Jordan – served as the first African-American congresswoman from the South; she gained national attention in her role at the Watergate hearings during the Nixon administration



Sam Rayburn – long serving U.S. congressman who earned respect as Speaker of the House and for his ability to bring about compromise and maneuver legislation through Congress; he was a proponent of Roosevelt’s New Deal

Culture Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.19B) describe how people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to the larger Texas culture;

Various religions maintain churches all over Texas

Germans, Czechs, Poles, and Mexicans still maintain their heritages in many parts of the state.

Various ethnic groups have brought their architecture to Texas (Spanish, French, German)

(7.19D) identify contributions to the arts by Texans such as Roy Bedichek, Diane Gonzales Bertrand, J. Frank Dobie, Scott Joplin, Elisabet Ney, Amado Peña Jr., Walter Prescott Webb, and Horton Foote.

(8.23D) analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity;

(Spanish, French, English, Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers, African-Americans)

Bernardo de Galvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana who helped the Americans during the American Revolution; Marquis de Lafayette, advisor from France; Baron Von Steuben, German who drilled Washington’s troops; Crispus Attucks, African-American


killed at the Boston Massacre)

African-Americans: Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman; Irish; Germans; Chinese;

Mormons--Brigham Young, Joseph Smith

African Americans – Benjamin Banneker (mathematician and surveyor on the planning commission for the new capital at Washington, D.C.), Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner;

Anglo – Washington Irving, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, Horace Mann, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Longfellow;

Religious – Quakers (strong opposition to slavery); Chinese and Irish – transcontinental railroad;

Irish – Industrialization; Spanish – Cultural contributions.

Science, Technology, and Society Specificity District Focus and Resources (8.27B) analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States;

Steamboats, canals, railroads, roads Ongoing

(8.28B) identify examples of how industrialization changed life in the United States.

urbanization, increased immigration, faster transportation, cheaper goods, cottage industry vs. factories

• Steam power brought in factories and led to

Ongoing


urbanization

• Innovations like the Cotton Gin in South and reaper in the North transformed agriculture.; • Steam engine, locomotives, canals, and roads made marketing products and migrating to different areas easier – esp. cities.

• Communication-telegraph and pony express sent messages to remote areas more quickly

• Women had more leisure in households because of textile industry and canning of foods.


Ongoing TEKS (taught every 9 weeks)History/Points of Reference Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.1A) identify the major eras in Texas history, describe their defining characteristics, and explain why historians divide the past into eras, including Natural Texas and its People; Age of Contact; Spanish Colonial; Mexican National; Revolution and Republic; Early Statehood; Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction; Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads; Age of Oil; Texas in the Great Depression and World War II; Civil Rights and Conservatism; and Contemporary Texas;

Texas Natives, Texas European Exploration, Spanish Era, Mexican Texas, Anglo- American Colonization, Texas Revolution, Texas Republic, Texas Statehood, Mexican-American War, Civil War and Reconstruction (Abolitionist Movement, sectionalism), Expansion of Frontier, Growth of Texas Economy, Texas Progressive Era, Texas Modern Era (WWI, Prohibition, Stock Market Crash, Great Depression, WWII, Sputnik), Texas Government

Major Eras Pre-Columbian Peoples 1492-1821 Settlement

(European exploration, the Mission System and settlement in Texas)

1820-1835 American Colonization (colonies established by Americans in Texas)

1835-1836 Texas Revolution (conflict between Texans and Mexican government)

1836-1845 Republic of Texas (Texas becomes an independent country)

1845-1861 Texas Statehood (Texas is annexed by the U.S.)

1861-1877 Civil

OngoingDistrict Focus-Exploration


War/Reconstruction (Texas secedes from Union; joins Confederacy)

1866-1880 Frontier Wars (Texans battle Indian groups to gain control of frontier)

1874-1900 Growth and development – Economic and Political

Modern Texas (Texans deal with 20th century events: reform, world wars, great depression, urbanization, civil rights, etc…)

Texas Government

(7.1B) apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods;

Timelines, before and after, 18th-19th-20thcentury, etc.

absolute chronology – exact date

relative chronology – general time period or era

Examples of Sequencing

Individuals: Cabeza De Vaca, Moses Austin, Sam Houston, Lyndon Johnson

Events: Pineda explores Texas coast, Spanish mission established in San Antonio, Arrest of Stephen F. Austin, Battle of San Jacinto, Texas secedes from U.S.

Ongoing


(7.1C) explain the significance of the following dates: 1519, mapping of the Texas coast and first mainland Spanish settlement; 1718, founding of San Antonio; 1821, independence from Spain; 1836, Texas independence; 1845, annexation; 1861, Civil War begins; 1876, adoption of current state constitution; and 1901, discovery of oil at Spindletop.

1519-Pineda1718-establishment of San Antonio1821-Mexican independence, Anglo American immigration into Texas1836-Texas Declaration of Independence; Battles of Goliad, the Alamo, San Jacinto; Treaties of Velasco1845-Texas became a state1861-Civil War begins

1519 – Alvarez de Pineda explores Texas coast; created first map of region (Exploration)

1718 – The Alamo (San Antonio de Valero) mission is founded by Martin de Alarcon (Mission)

1821 – Moses Austin receives contract; Stephen F. Austin settles Texas (Colonization)

1836 – Battle of the Alamo; Texas wins independence from Mexico (Texas Revolution/Independence)

1845 – Texas is annexed by the U.S. (Texas Statehood)

1861 – Texas secedes from U.S.; Civil War begins

OngoingDistrict Focus-1519 and 1718


Geography/Concept of Regions Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.8A) create and interpret thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of Texas during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries;

Map skills, population distribution, Texas relief map, regions

Use of technology tools, such as Word, Power Point, Inspiration, Timeline.

Teach students how to find and collect data and how to create maps, graphs, and charts.

Examples of themes: political, physical, population, immigration, land use, ethnic distribution, rural/urban, rainfall, vegetation, topography, cultural regions, agriculture/industry, language, religion, etc…

(7.8B) analyze and interpret geographic distributions and patterns in Texas during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

Why most Texans live in the Coastal Plains?

Why fewer Texans live in the West? Why are plains well suited to cattle

raising? Why did Texas move from a mostly

rural to a mostly urban population? Why various regions of Texas are

more suitable to farming?(8.29I) create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of the United States;


(8.29J) pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

(7.9A) locate the Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, and Coastal Plains regions and places of importance in Texas during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries such as major cities, rivers, natural and historic landmarks, political and cultural regions, and local points of interest;

(7.9B) compare places and regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics

Landforms

Rivers

Regions in relation to US and Mexico, Coastal Plains, Great Plains, North Central Plains, Mountain and Basin

Physical Characteristics: Climate, topography, vegetation/wildlife, water sources

Human Characteristics: Population, land use, immigration, agriculture, industry, cities, transportation, wealth, cultures

Ongoing• Video-Geography of Texas

Plan a Trip Around Texas Webquest

(7.9C) analyze the effects of physical and human factors such as climate, weather, landforms, irrigation, transportation, and communication on major events in Texas.

Examples include:

Climate and weather

1900 hurricane in Galveston was worst natural disaster of 20th century

Floods and rain during Runaway

Ongoing


http://home.houston.rr.com/thekrohns/web_quest_texas.htm

Scrape

Landforms

the “rise” between the armies of Houston and Santa Anna at San Jacinto,

Irrigation

farmers’ difficulties during the Dust Bowl

Irrigation brings farming to West Texas

Transportation

Railroads lead to the settlement of West Texas

Communication

Lack of communication technology influences the outcome of historical events

Such as: the last Civil War battle, the Galveston hurricane and the Battle of Alamo

Geography/Adapt and Modify Environment


(7.10A) identify ways in which Texans have adapted to and modified the environment and analyze the positive and negative consequences of the modifications;

Locate Native Americans on a map in relationship to the geography of Texas

Examples of Adaptations and Modifications:

District Focus – 6 Geographical Questions


Texans dam rivers to control flooding/generate electricity/promote tourism

Farmers establish systems of irrigation/windmill and erosion prevention

All native tribes of Texas adapted to their environment

Barbed wire fencing closed open range and changed cattle ranching

Mining/drilling for natural resources

Highway system

Railroad system(7.10B) explain ways in which geographic factors such as the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the Dust Bowl, limited water resources, and alternative energy sources have affected the political, economic, and social development of Texas.

Role of rivers, climate, similarities in land, agricultural production, impact of 1900 storm on Galveston, oil industry (Spindletop gusher), vastness of Texas (size)

Examples:

Political

proximity to Mexico resulted in border disputes and wars

few Civil War battles fought in Texas due to physical location

proximity to US leads to the annexation of Texas

EconomicRevised 5/26/2023 Social Studies

68 7th Grade

vast quantities of petroleum created great wealth in Texas

Gulf Coast ports provide access to U.S. and world markets

The location, size and climate of Texas resulted in a strong agricultural economy

Social

Spanish language prominent in Texas

Climate and fertile land encouraged immigration to Texas

The location of Texas in the south plus the agricultural based economy leads to secession, the need for slave labor and future discrimination

(7.11B) analyze how immigration and migration to Texas in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries have influenced Texas;

Immigration from Europe and southern United States, cultural borrowing

Examples

Southerners brought their attitudes about slavery to Texas

Spanish brought architecture and language to Texas

Europeans brought different religions and cultures to Texas

American settlers brought ideas about government to Texas

Ongoing• Video-Festivals in Texas <Benold>


Spanish introduce the cattle/ranching industry to Texas

Various cultures have influenced native Texan cuisine and celebrations

(7.14A) identify how the Texas Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights;

limited government – Principle of government in which power is limited by a set of laws, such as those in a constitution.

checks and balances – Government arrangement by which each different branch has the power to check, or restrict, the power of the other branches.

federalism – System of government that balances powers by distributing them between one central and many regional governments.

separation of powers – Principle of government in which power is divided among different government branches.

popular sovereignty – Principle of government that all political power comes from the people.

individual rights – freedoms and privileges that the government cannot take away from the people


(7.14B) compare the principles and concepts of the Texas Constitution to the U.S. Constitution, including the Texas and U.S. Bill of Rights.

Similar draft and language 3 branches of government and a

bicameral legislature Bill of Rights principles of government

(checks and balances, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty)

Science, Technology, and Society Specificity District Focus and Resources

(7.20A) compare types and uses of technology, past and present;

Irrigation, weapons, barbed wire, windmill, cotton gin, telegraph, railroads, telephone, internal combustion engine, aircraft, microchip technology, artificial heart

OngoingDistrict Focus-Native Americans and Spanish

Critical Thinking Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.21A) differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about Texas;

Ongoing• Handbook of Texas-Book and Online Versions • Texas Almanac • Dallas Morning News









(7.21B) analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions

Ongoing




(7.21C) organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps;

Ongoing• City and County Maps-Class set obtained from Chamber of Commerce




(7.21D) identify points of view from the historical context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants;

Ongoing























(7.21E) support a point of view on a social studies issue or event;

Ongoing

(7.21F) identify bias in written, oral, and visual material;

OngoingPrimary Source Lesson – Wichita and Comanche Villages



(7.21G) evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author;

Ongoing




(7.21H) use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

Ongoing• Texas Highway Maps-Class set obtained from State Highway Dept.

Communication Skills Specificity District Focus and Resources (7.22A) use social studies terminology correctly;

Ongoing

(7.22B) use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, punctuation, and

Ongoing
















proper citation of sources;(7.22C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate. (Mastery)

Ongoing

(7.22D) transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate;

Ongoing

Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills


(7.23A) use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution;

Ongoing• Texas Travel Guide-Free from Texas Dept. of Transportation 1-800-8888TEX

(7.23B) use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

Ongoing


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