Social Social

StructureStructure

Structural Functionalism Revisited

Structural Functionalism Revisited

What Holds Us Together As A Society

What Holds Us Together As A Society

Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

Who Holds Us Together As A Society

Who Holds Us Together As A Society

Groups, Leaders, and Organizations

Groups, Leaders, and Organizations

Str

uct

ura

l-Str

uct

ura

l-Fu

nct

ionalis

m

Funct

ionalis

m

Expressive & Instrumental Variables

Expressive & Instrumental Variables

Ascription & Achievement

Ascription & Achievement: the origins of

: the origins of

qualities someone might bring to social interactions

qualities someone might bring to social interactions

or situations

or situationsAffectivity & Affective Neutrality

Affectivity & Affective Neutrality: the amount of

: the amount of

emotion or affect that is appropriate in any social

emotion or affect that is appropriate in any social

interactioninteractionDiffuseness & Specificity

Diffuseness & Specificity: the strength of ties

: the strength of ties

which create a range of obligations to other actors

which create a range of obligations to other actors

in any social interaction

in any social interaction

Particularism & Universalism

Particularism & Universalism: the reactions to

: the reactions to

others based on their relationship with us

others based on their relationship with us

Collectivity & Self-Seeking

Collectivity & Self-Seeking: the extent of self- or

: the extent of self- or

shared-interest associated with social actions

shared-interest associated with social actions

Manifest And Latent Functions

Manifest And Latent Functions

Manifest Functions

Manifest Functions are obvious and agreed upon

are obvious and agreed upon

Latent Functions

Latent Functions are not intended or easily

are not intended or easily

recognizedrecognized

T. Parsons T. Parsons and R. and R. MertonMerton

Socia

l Stru

cture

Socia

l Stru

cture

Mechanical Solidarity:

Mechanical Solidarity:

Gemeinschaft

Gemeinschaft: “community”

: “community”

Common to preindustrial/traditional societies

Common to preindustrial/traditional societies

Minimal divisions of labor

Minimal divisions of labor

We are united by shared values, rituals, and

We are united by shared values, rituals, and

common social bonds (friendship/kinship)

common social bonds (friendship/kinship)

What Holds Us Together As

What Holds Us Together As

A Society?A Society?

Organic Solidarity:

Organic Solidarity:

GesellschaftGesellschaft: “association”

: “association”

Common to industrial/urban societies

Common to industrial/urban societies

Lots of specialization

Lots of specialization

We are united by mutual dependence and rational

We are united by mutual dependence and rational

calculations about each others’ value to our

calculations about each others’ value to our

“project”“project” E. E.

DurkheimDurkheim

F. F.

TonniesTonnies

Socia

l Stru

cture

Socia

l Stru

cture

Groups:Groups:

Social Group:

Social Group: A collection of two or more people who

A collection of two or more people who

interact frequently with one another, share a sense of

interact frequently with one another, share a sense of

belonging, and have some kind of interdependence

belonging, and have some kind of interdependence

Primary & Secondary Groups:

Primary & Secondary Groups: Size And Relationship

Size And Relationship

Aggregates And Categories:

Aggregates And Categories: Proximity And Similarity

Proximity And Similarity

Ingroups And Outgroups :

Ingroups And Outgroups : Sense Of Belonging

Sense Of Belonging

Web Of Group Affiliations

Web Of Group Affiliations

Groupthink, Conformity, And Collective Effervescence

Groupthink, Conformity, And Collective Effervescence

Who Holds Us Together As

Who Holds Us Together As

A Society?A Society?

C. CooleyC. Cooley

W. W.

SumnerSumner

G. G.

SimmelSimmel

Socia

l Stru

cture

Socia

l Stru

cture

Leadership:Leadership:

Leaders: Leaders: Members of a group who are responsible for

Members of a group who are responsible for

directing the plans and activities of the group in order

directing the plans and activities of the group in order

to enable it to complete its tasks or fulfill its goals

to enable it to complete its tasks or fulfill its goals

Instrumental And Expressive

Instrumental And Expressive

Origins Of Leadership

Origins Of Leadership

Traditional • Rational • Charismatic

Traditional • Rational • Charismatic

Styles Of Leadership

Styles Of Leadership

Authoritarian • Democratic • Laissez-Faire

Authoritarian • Democratic • Laissez-Faire

Who Holds Us Together As

Who Holds Us Together As

A Society?A Society?

M. WeberM. Weber

Socia

l Stru

cture

Socia

l Stru

cture

Formal Organizations:

Formal Organizations:

A highly structured secondary group formed for the

A highly structured secondary group formed for the

purpose of achieving specific goals in the

purpose of achieving specific goals in the most most

efficientefficient manner

manner

Types Of Organizations

Types Of Organizations

Normative • Coercive • Utilitarian

Normative • Coercive • Utilitarian

Bureaucratic Organizations

Bureaucratic Organizations

Hierarchy Of Authority

Hierarchy Of Authority

Division Of Labor

Division Of Labor

Written Rules & Procedures

Written Rules & Procedures

Merit-Based Assignments

Merit-Based Assignments

Impersonal Orientation

Impersonal Orientation

Who Holds Us Together As

Who Holds Us Together As

A Society?A Society?

M. WeberM. Weber