Social Stratification

SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION

Alamchandani

Fernandez

Flor

Murphy

Pascual

Insocio | dgeo2 | 18 june 2015

Society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their

occupation and income, wealth and social

status, and derived power.

Social stratification is a particular form of social inequality. All societies arrange their members

in terms of superiority, inferiority and equality..

SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION

SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION

TWO APPROACHES TO THE

STUDY OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Conflict Approach According to Karl Marx, in all

stratified societies there are

two major social groups: a

ruling class and a subject class.

TWO APPROACHES TO THE

STUDY OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Functionalist Approach Talcott Parsons believes that order, stability and

cooperation in society are based on value consensus

that is a general agreement by members of society

concerning what is good and worthwhile.

ORIGIN OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Hunting and Gathering Societies Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agricultural Societies Division of Labor and Job Specialization Industrialized Societies The Improvement of Working Conditions Postindustrial Societies The Improvement of Working Conditions Postindustrial Societies

CHARACTERISTICS OF

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Ubiquity Social Patterning Antiquity Diversity Consequences

Life chances Life style

Social

Mobility

Social Mobility The movement of

individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to others' social location within a given society.

Mobility may be

considered in

different senses,

such as:

A change in occupation that involves a consequent

change in status.

A promotion within the same occupational group. The accumulation of seniority within a given

occupation.

A change in occupation from one generation to another, as from father to son.

TYPES OF MOBILITY

1. Horizontal Mobility:

A person changes his or her occupation but the overall

social standing remains the same.

Example:

A programmer transferred his occupation to a teacher,

he horizontally moved from one Occupation, but no

change in social stratification

TYPES OF MOBILITY

2. Vertical Mobility:

It refers to any change in the occupational, economic

or political status of an individual or a group which

leads to change of their position.

Example:

A sales person was able to impress his boss; his

position becomes higher than his competitor.

TYPES OF MOBILITY

3. Upward Mobility:

It refers to a mobility when a person or a group of persons

move from lower position to

upper position.

Example:

When a regular citizen runs for

mayor or another position in

the government, he changes his

position to a higher level.

TYPES OF MOBILITY

4. Downward Mobility:

It indicates that one person loses his higher position

and occupies a lower position.

Example:

From being

the President of the

Philippines, Mrs.

Arroyo is now a

Congress-woman.

TYPES OF MOBILITY

5. Intra-Generational Mobility:

a. Change in the position of one individual in his life span

b. Change in the position of one brother but no change in

the position of another brother.

Example:

Mark started his work by selling pencils. After that, he

transferred to a cafeteria. Now, he owns a 5 star

restaurant. His social career became higher than what he

started with.

TYPES OF MOBILITY

6. Occupational Mobility:

It refers to the change of occupation from one to

another.

Example:

Felicia was practicing her field, architecture. After she got

married, she became a businesswoman.

FORMS and

functions OF

SOCIAL

STRATIFICATIO

N

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Slavery System It is an extreme form of inequality in which some

individuals are owned by others as their property. The

slave owner has full control including using violence

over the slave.

According to H.J Nieboer, the basis of slavery is always

economic because with it emerged a kind of

aristocracy which lived upon slave labor.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION The Slave

In extreme cases, he is wholly without rights. He is in lower condition as compared with freemen. The slaves have no political rights.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION The Slave

He does not choose his government.

He does not attend the public councils.

Socially, he is despised. He is compelled to work.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Slavery-based Societies

Societies of the ancient world based upon slavery (Greek and Roman)

Southern states of USA in the 18th and 19th centuries.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Estate System

Synonymous with Feudalism, a soial system that existed in Europe during the Middle

Ages in which people worked

and fought for nobles who

gave them protection and the

use of land in return (Merriam-Webster definition)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Estate System

Legally defined The feudal estates were political groups. Theres a broad division of labor with definite

functions.

The nobility were ordained to defend all The clergy to pray for all The commons to provide food for all

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Caste System

The term caste is derived from the Spanish word caste meaning breed or lineage.

India, Nepal, Sri Lanka By his birth and not by selection nor by

accomplishments.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


Each caste has its own customs, traditions practices and rituals. It has its own informal rules, regulations

and procedures.

The caste panchayats or the caste councils regulate the conduct of members.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


Hindu society was divided into four main varnas - Brahmins,

Kashtriyas, Vaishyas and

Shudras

Brahmin: Consist of those engaged in scriptural education

and teaching, essential for the

continuation of knowledge.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


Kshatriya: Take on all forms of public service, including administration, maintenance of law and

order, and defense.

Vaishya: Engage in commercial activity as businessmen.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


Shudra: Work as semi-skilled and unskilled laborers. Mahatma Gandhi, the father of modern India,

made the lower castes and untouchables a fifth,

lowly class with the name Harijan, or "children of

God.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION The Untouchables (16.2%)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Caste System and Its Features

As a matter of rule and practice, no individual would accept kachcha food prepared by an inferior

casteman.

The caste system put restriction on the range of social relations also. Intercaste marriages are still

looked down upon in the traditional Indian society.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Caste System and Its Features

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Class System

Based o Weers 3-component theory of stratification and the concept of life chances.

A persos position depends upon achievement and his ability to use to advantage the inborn

characteristics and wealth that he may possess.

It is dominant in modern society.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


According to Weber, three independent factors affect

the hierarchy:

Class economic position

Status prestige, social honor and popularity Power perso's aility to get their way despite

the resistae of others

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


Class is a ope syste. Uder this syste vertical mobility is absolutely free.

The four main classes consists of - upper class, white collar workers, petty bourgeoisie and the

manual working class

They are economic, political and occupational classes. (Sorokin)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Manual working class do

aual laor with little or no prestige. They are

the so called blue-collar

workers.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION Petty bourgeoisie is often

made up of people with

lower incomes, such as

managers, call-center

agents, teachers, and

secretaries.

More commonly known as lower middle class

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION White collar workers is

highly educated business

and professional people

with high incomes, such as

doctors, lawyers,

stockbrokers, and CEOs.

More commonly known as upper middle class

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL


The upper class comprise 1 to 3 percent only of the population.

Lower upper class includes those

with ew oey,

Upper middle class includes those

aristorati ad highsoiety failies with old oey

Conflict

Theories

Conflict

Theories Marxist-based social theory According to conflict theory, social stratification

benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the

poor.

Capitalism particularly benefits the rich by assuming that the trikle-dow ehais is the est way to spread the benefits of wealth across society.

Two Major Social

Groups Ruling Class (rich) Subject Class (poor)

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s_of_social_stratification

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-stratification-meaning-types-and-characteristics-sociology-2446-words/6199/

Panopio, I., & Raymundo, A. (2004). Social Change and Social Policy. In Sociology: Focus on the Philippines (Pp. 427-434). Quezon City:

KEN Inc.

http://www.sociologyguide.com/social-stratification/Conflict-Theories.php

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sociology-textbook/global-stratification-and-inequality-

8/sociological-theories-and-global-inequality-72/the-conflict-

perspective-class-conflict-and-scarce-resources-422-510/

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-stratification-meaning-types-and-characteristics-sociology-2446-words/6199/

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stratification/Introduction.php

http://www.sociology.org.uk/siweber.pdf

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stratification-meaning-origin-development-and-other-details/2260

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stratification/types-of-social-classes-of-people

Social Stratification

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