Social psychology Attitudes psychlotron.org.uk. what is your attitude towards… psychlotron.org.uk.
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Transcript of Social psychology Attitudes psychlotron.org.uk. what is your attitude towards… psychlotron.org.uk.
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Social psychology
Attitudes
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what is your attitude towards…
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Attitude
“A learned predisposition to think, feel and behave toward a person (or object) in a particular way.”
Allport (1954)
“A person’s evaluation of any psychological object.”
Azjen & Fishbein (1980)
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Questions about attitudes
What do attitudes consist of? Structure
What are attitudes for? Function
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Cognition (thinking)Behaviour (action)Affect (emotion)attitude
Structure of attitudes
Based on Allport (1954)
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Function of attitudes
Attitudes mediate between inner needs and the outside world
Katz (1960); four functions of attitudes: Adaptive Knowledge Value-expressive Ego-defensive
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Adaptive function
Help people achieve goals, avoid bad things e.g. Gain membership of a social group (as in
normative conformity) Obtain approval from others (e.g. a parent)
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Knowledge function
Help structure & organise our understanding people & world e.g. Directing info processing towards important
data Simplifying complex objects & situations
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Knowledge function
Martin & Halverson (1983) Gender-consistent images were
remembered more confidently Gender inconsistent images were mis-
remembered to make them consistent Martin (1987)
Used videos; got similar results
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Value-expressive function
Help us express ourselves and communicate with others e.g. Political & other value-based attitudes Membership-based attitudes Attitudes that emphasise non-membership
& distinctiveness
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Ego-defensive function
Help to protect us from psychological harm e.g. Help us feel good about ourselves Provide protective ‘explanations’ for
negative events (e.g. prejudice)
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Another question
When might it be more useful to focus on the structure of attitudes & when might it be better to focus on their function?
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