Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?
-
Upload
benoit-hardy-vallee-pmp-phd -
Category
Economy & Finance
-
view
3.617 -
download
6
description
Transcript of Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?
![Page 1: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Social Neuroeconomics:Strong Reciprocity of ‘Hot Logic’ ?
Benoit Hardy-ValléeDepartment of Philosophy
University of Toronto1
![Page 2: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cooperation in behavioral economics and neuroeconomics
The received view :
‘Strong Reciprocity’
- inequity-aversion - cooperation - punishing cheaters
Alternative account:
‘Hot Logic’
- egoist cognition - methodological hedonism
2
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 3: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Game theory
3
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
![Page 4: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ConfessRemainsilent
Confess - 5, -5 - 10, 0
Remainsilent 0, -10 - 2, -2
The prisoner’s dilemma
4
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
![Page 5: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
the ‘warm glow’ of cooperation
5
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
Rilling, J., Gutman, D., Zeh, T., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G., & Kilts, C. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron, 35(2), 395-405.
![Page 6: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ultimatum Game
Proposer
$9/$1 ...$1/$9$8/$2.... ...
Responder
Accept/reject
6
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
![Page 7: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
‘unfair’ offers trigger moral disgust and cognitive conflict
7
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2003). The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game. Science, 300(5626), 1755-1758.
![Page 8: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1.
Trust Game
A.(Y$)
B.(Y$)
x$ x 3=x$
3x$
2. A.(Y-x $)
B.(Y + 3x$)
Z$
A.(Y-x)+Z $)
B.(Y + 3x) –Z $)
3.
8
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
![Page 9: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
the ‘sweet taste’ of revenge:
Punishment is predicted by activity in the striatum
9
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Prisoner’s dilemma
Ultimatum Game
Trust Game
de Quervain, D. J., Fischbacher, U., Treyer, V., Schellhammer, M., Schnyder, U., Buck, A., et al. (2004). The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science, 305(5688), 1254-1258.
![Page 10: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Interpreting Neuroeconomics
Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U., & Gachter, S. (2002). Strong reciprocity, human cooperation, and the enforcement of social norms. Human Nature, 13(1), 1-25.Fehr, E., & Rockenbach, B. (2004). Human altruism: economic, neural, and evolutionary perspectives. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 14(6), 784-790.Gintis, H. (2000). Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 206(2), 169-179.Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., E., F., & Gintis, H. (2004). Foundations of Human Sociality: Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies: Oxford University Press.Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., et al. (2005). "Economic man" in cross-cultural perspective: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Behav Brain Sci, 28(6), 795-815; discussion 815-755.
Strong Reciprocity :
![Page 11: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Strong Reciprocity
willing to sacrifice resources in order to:
- reward fair behavior - punish unfair behavior
even if there is no direct or future reward
![Page 12: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Strong vs Weak Reciprocity
genetic relatedness (kinship) tit-for-tat (direct reciprocity)good reputation (indirect reciprocity) signs of power or wealth (coslty signaling).
Weak
Strong
Pro-social preferences and actionsInequity-averison
![Page 13: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Others’utility detector
inter-agentsutility
comparator
Personal utility detector
planning
categorization
memory ofpast encounters
Mechanisms of Social Reciprocity
cooperate or
punish
equal
unequal
fair
unfair
13
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 14: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Others’utility detector
inter-agentsutility
comparator
Personal utility detector
planning
categorization
memory ofpast encounters
Inequity aversion
cooperate or
punish
equal
unequal
fair
unfair
14
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 15: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Others’utility detector
inter-agentsutility
comparator
Personal utility detector
planning
categorization
memory ofpast encounters
Prosocial action
cooperate
equal
unequal
fair
unfair
15
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 16: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
“the neural foundations of strong reciprocity” and a
“neural basis for strong reciprocity”
Fehr, E., & Rockenbach, B. (2004). Human altruism: economic, neural, and evolutionary perspectives. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 14(6), 784-790.
“ ”(Fehr & Rockenbach, 2004, p. 786/788).
![Page 17: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
‘Hot logic’ approach:
other interpretation of the data
other methodology
2 suggestions:
![Page 18: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
trust and cooperation signals
augment the chances of forming mutually profitable relationships
![Page 19: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
altruism can be instrumental
"individuals attempt to outcompete each other in terms of generosity. It emerges because altruism enhances the status and reputation of the giver. Status, in turn, yields benefits that would be otherwise unattainable." “
”(Hardy & Van Vugt, 2006)
![Page 20: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Ultimatum Game
‘fair’ splits
profitable splits acceptables splits
9/1, 8/2, 7/3... ...3/7, 2/8, 1/9...5/5...
![Page 21: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
biological altruism (instrumental)
![Page 22: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Haley, K., & Fessler, D. (2005). Nobody’s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 245-256.
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 23: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 12, 412-414.
![Page 24: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
![Page 25: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca
Hot Logic and dopaminergic systems
![Page 26: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
methodological hedonism
using feelings toanticipate feelings in order tocontrol our behavior toward a maximization of positive feelings and a minimization of negative ones
![Page 27: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
Strong Reciprocity: genuinly altruistic + innate drive
Hot Logic: methodogical hedonism
Conclusion
--more like a mystery than an explanation
![Page 28: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Introduction Games Strong Reciprocity ‘Hot Logic’ Conclusion
This egoism is the instrument of our preservation; it resembles the instrument for the perpetuation of the species; we need it, we cherish it, it gives us pleasure, and we must hide it.“
”- Voltaire, discussing Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees, In Dictionnaire Philosophique
![Page 29: Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051412/5481e640b07959150c8b464a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thanks !
29
Homepagehttp://decisis.net
Natural Rationality Blog: http://naturalrationality.blogspot.com