Social

by: Sam, Will, Phillip, Katherine and Taylor

Up to 600 BCE

Africa: Egyptians patriarchal but women had more freedom than any other

Asia: Warrior class was the elite class in China

Europe: Women were inferior

Middle East: - Caste System in Indus

River Valley

- Hunter-Gatherer Society

in Fertile crescent

The Americas: Olmec - elite used religious rituals to

control society

600 BCE - 600 CE

Africa: Kingdoms organized by fixed social categories, but not hierarchical with

noble class, commoner, and slaves

Asia: 1) India had a strict social hierarchy, identified in class and caste

2) Administrative personnel drawn from gentry in China

Europe: Patron/client relationship used in

Rome to benefit the wealthy and poor classes

Middle East: Society revolved around

powerful aristocratic families on trade routes

of the Silk Road

The Americas: Chavín social structures

saw a larger class distinction than ever before

600 CE - 1450

Africa: Interactions between various civilizations through Trans-Saharan trade; Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca across North Africa spread news about Mali empire's wealth

Asia: 1) Mongols captured slaves in warfare;

society functioned

through kinship and tribute ties

2) Buddhists in Sui and Tang empires

encouraged women in politics;

multiple women leaders

Europe: Nobles had authority over serfs/peasants; no manorial system in Kievan Russia unlike medieval Europe

Middle East: Islam people formed umma saying Muhammad was messenger of God

The Americas: In Maya, women helped economy and managed religious rituals

1450 - 1750

Africa: Gold and Slave Coast - all about trading goods. Governments kept Europeans

in line

Asia: Japan's transition from military to civil society

Europe: Serfdom - peasants working on land for landowners for life

Middle East: Janissaries gained more influence in the Ottoman Empire

The Americas: - Encomienda system with American Indians

- Plantocracy and slave labor organization in Brazil

Africa: European interaction with Africans; labor migration

Asia: indentured servants(contract of indenture)

Qing Empire: Bannerman (Manchu hired military; usually were nomadic people)

Europe:"separate spheres" (in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have clearly differentiated roles in society)

Oceania: Malacca Strait

Middle East: modernization; Janissaries(Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms)

The Americas: feminism:

women inferior but had few rights

1750 - 1900

1900 - Present Africa:

South African apartheid (the segregation of the

white colonizers and the blacks/mixed-race minority)

Asia:

Japanese narikin (“new rich”), mobos (modern boys),

and mogas (modern girls) against traditionalists

Europe:

In industrial nations, population shift of more senior citizens

that young people (2050, Western Europe median age 52)

Oceania:

Migration of agricultural and commercial people to mountainous and forested areas because of colonialism and population growth (like Javanese to Borneo and Sumatra)

Middle East:

Under Kemel, Turkey Westernization, the Arabic alphabet replaced with the Latin alphabet, women given

civil equality, traditional Islamic clothing thrown aside (Resisted for a while in rural areas)

The Americas:

In the US, during WWII, traditional ways thrown aside due to the lack of men who were off at war, with

women and minorities being hired in their place on the homefront

Political Sprite Chart

By: Jillian Draughon, Mike Bu, Chandler Ellis, Maddie Earley, Tyler Curl, and Viviana Carasco

5/10/13 Period 4

Up to 600 BCE

• City-states were built in mesopotamia, modeled after village council, political

power held by priest and king (lugal)

• Egyptian pharaohs ruled due to Ma'at- divine power

• Shang Dynasty ruled with king and warrior elite, king often travelled, no real

written records

• Zhou period, Wen and Wu ancestry kings, Mandate of Heaven ruling (similar to

ma'at)

• Kingdom of Meroe, kings from Nubia, addressed by royal titles, wore costumes,

Egyptian burial, some sub saharan african traits

• Olmec Culture- kings ruled using religious and secular motives, giant Olmec

heads influenced by rulers, power was held by shamans

600 BCE - 600 CE

•Persian Empire had lots of political turmoil, especially during Persian wars

•Greek Empire was like the Persian but was more successful at imperialism under

Alexander the Great

•Roman empire rose in Italy and expanded to the Mediterranean under a strong

central government, but ideas later failed

•Chinese empires Qin and Han both came from small states and unified to conquer

rivals' lands under a strong central government but ideas later failed

•Mauryan and gupta empires had political divisions throughout the course of their

reign

•Bantu and Hausa were the main sub-saharan African empires, but Bantu had more

area and land conquered

600 CE -1450 CE

• Tang Dynasty- Central Government, confusion inspired government structure,

civil Service examination test

• Umayyad Caliphate- hereditary monarchy, bureaucratic structure with local

administrators

• Mongol Empire- empire built through conquest, headed by Genghis Khan, later

divided against his sons, local rulers often left during their ruling to travel

• Aztec Empire- conquered surrounding area, tribute system, absolute monarchy

• Song Dynasty- took over after collapse of Tang, scholar-based government, less

emphasis on military, re-established a tribute system

• Byzantine Empire- influenced by Roman laws, centralized hereditary monarchy,

divided into military districts governed by generals

1450 CE - 1750 CE

• Holy Roman Empire- expanded to cover vast amounts of central Europe

throughout time period

• Habsburgs-family that ruled Spain and large parts of the Holy Roman Empire,

Netherlands, and Belgium

• Thirty years war- enabled the Netherlands to gain independence from Spain and

rise as an independent nation

• Gunpowder states- the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Mughal Empire, and Tokugawa,

all joined together to make a ruling monopoly based on gunpowder

• Catholic Church- a once influential body, but by the end of time period, was no

longer as pivotal

• Protestant Reformation- government greatly based on religion, allowing for it to

caused great division among nations

1750 CE -1900 CE

• (1700s) European imperial powers impose reforms - resistance in colonies,

American Revolution, Declaration of Independence

• (1776) Corrupt government in France- storming of Bastille, French Revolution

• (1789), crowning of Napoleon

• (1804) Ottoman central government fragmented as Western reforms were made

the most persistent opposition came from the Janissaries

• (1839-1842) Opium War exposed Qing military inferiority- Government

corruption provoked rebellion, resulted in a process of decentralization led by

reformist aristocrats

• (Early 1800s) In Egypt, Muhammad Ali led modernization movements

1900 CE -Present

•1945- United Nations is founded- Security

Council made up of western powers

•1949- China becomes communist-

communist revolution sparked

•1955- The Warsaw pact is signed- countered

NATO

•1956- Hungarian Revolution- first major threat to Soviet control since Nazi scare,

sparked resistance to USSR

•1972- Watergate Scandal Begins- first potential "impeachment"

•1976- North and South Vietnam join- form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam- ends

Vietnam war

Religion

Auryan, Nelson, Jordan, Tema, and Shefe

• Polytheism/Divine Kingship: Egypt, Celtic, Olmec, and Assyrian Empires – Olmec; society controlled by religion, human sacrifice,

religious calendar

• Mandate of Heaven: Zhou Dynasty; belief in gods and ancestors; oracle bones, ancestral offerings

• Monotheism: Judaism (Yahweh; Diaspora), Hebrew, Israelites

• Zoroastrianism: Ancient Iran(Persia); Rewarded/punished in afterlife for mortal actions.

• Nubia: Pyramid tombs and temples for Egyptian Gods

Up to 600 BCE

• Zhou, Qin, and Han: Confucianism

• During the warring states period, Daoism formed and Confucianism and Daoism combined in Chinese culture.

• Mauryan rulers in India used the tolerance and nonviolence of Buddhism. The Gupta Empire studied Hinduism introducing the caste system.

• Maya were polytheistic believing spirits or objects of nature.

• Romans and the Byzantine adopted Christianity.

• Sub-Saharan Africa implemented Christianity in Ethiopia from the European influence.

• Indonesia had Hindu-Buddhist culture from Chinese influence.

• Jainism became a new emphasized culture with strict nonviolence in India.

600 BCE-600 CE

• • Muhammad revives word of God, Islam is founded

• • Islam rapidly spreads, becoming major force in Middle East, parts of India, Northern Africa, and Spain

• • 1st schism of Christianity, into catholic and orthodox churches

• • Crusades take place, due to Christianity's wanting Islam wealth and knowledge, starts tension between religions

• • Despite the Mongols domination of Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, and there practice of Shamanism, they were religious tolerant and allowed continuous practicing of all religions

• • Polytheism still dominated, North America, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania, such as Buddhism and Hinduism

600 CE-1450

1450-1750

• Africa:

• Muslim Berbers caused the collapse of Ghana, then proceeded to Sudan and destroyed the Christian Nubian Kingdoms except Christian Ethiopia.

• Asia:

• Muslim invaders took down Buddhism in India, and while Hinduism prevailed, Islam displaced it in South East Asia.

• Europe:

• Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople while the Christian States focused more on fighting each other, and Jews flourished in Spain because of tolerant Muslim leaders, but still experienced religious persecution.

• The Americas:

• Missionaries converted Amerindians to Christianity, and Spanish actions in the Antilles resembled the eradication of the Spanish Muslims.

• Middle East:

• Safavid society practiced Shi'ite Islam, and rulers were temporary stand-ins for the Hidden Imam.

• Africa:

– Religions such as Christianity were brought to Africa

– These religions were adapted to create a version that better accommodated the natives

• Asia:

– Various religions such as Hinduism, Atheism, Buddhism & Islam

• Europe:

– During reign of Terror, peasants tried to eradicate Catholicism

– The Divisions in Christianity continue

• The Americas:

– As women’s rights and fight for racial equality gained prominence, it challenged various people’s belief systems.

1750-1800

• Africa:

– Christianity and Islam spread through various means, ex. missionaries

• Asia :

– Religion would cause the creation of Hindu-state of India and the Muslim-state of Pakistan

• Europe:

– As Communism rose in Russia, religion

began to be taken down

• The Americas:

– Christianity would grow to become

the most prominent religion in the Americas

• Middle East:

– Islamic Revolutions would overthrow shah; theocracy is installed

• Oceania:

– Islam spreads rapidly across countries like Singapore and Indonesia.

1900-Present

All Indian Muslim League

SPRITE INTELLIGENCE TIMELINE

by Bryson Kagy, Sarah Greenwood,

JP Kreutz, Jennifer Horne,

Marty Horan, and Nick Hutchinson

Up to 600 BCE

• In Egypt Anatomy, preservation for mummies and architecture for the pyramids

• In the Indus Valley understanding of Iron Metallurgy

• Polynesian astronomy for naval travel

• American domestication of the llama for food and transport

• In Mesopotamia cuneiform writing

• European Celtic basic understanding of grain agriculture

600 B.C.E. to 600 A.D. • Lyric poetry- showed individualism- Europe

• Gentry (scholar officials) confucianism in culture and ideology

• Funan- place in Oceania, produced large amounts of rice, Agricultural advancements in rice

• Great traditions- literate well institutionalized religious and social beliefs

• Agricultural innovations- Chinampas, raised fields to increase agricultural yields

• Ptolemies- created greatest library of antiquity- advances in scholarship, science, technology, and medicine

600 CE - 1450 CE • Aztec creation of an advanced calendar

• The blend of Greek and Roman

culture and arts

• Advances in medicine, and

scholarly programs in the

Middle East

• Innovations such as the compass

• Advanced writing, poetry, and painting in Japan

• Advanced short stories and poetry in the Tang Dynasty

1450 CE- 1750 CE • Martin Luther, church services not in vernacular, don't need

Church as intermediary – go right to Bible

• New art forms in Mughal Empire in India

• Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism in China

• European Enlightenment

• Dutch education in the

Tokugawa Shogunate

• Thought and censorship

control in Ming China

1750 CE- 1900 CE • Enlightenment in Europe (scientific study of human society &

natural world)

• Egyptian training schools for military, surgeons, etc. established by Muhammad Ali

• National system of preparatory schools in Ottoman Empire

• Mainstream use of electricity in North America

• Westernization of ideology and education in Japan

• Tahitian campaign to promote reading

1900 CE- Present (CE)

• Mao Zedong focused on elementary education

• Science became increasingly important after decolonization, psychology

• Western Europe education in Africa

• Military intelligence advances, use of satellites

• Movements of human rights, race riots in America

• Advances in healthcare, Polio vaccines

Technology

Mr. Heusing’s 4th period

Beginning – 600 bce

• Controlled use of fire – Earth

• Wheel – 3500BCE – Mesopotamia

• Papyrus – 4000BCE - Egypt

• Irrigation system – Mesopotamia

• Potters wheel/glazed pottery – 1600BCE-1100BCE – China

• Sun dial – 1500BCE - Babylon

600bce-600ce

• Iron production- Han & Persian empires

• Illness prevention- Gupta empire

• Aqueducts- Rome

• irrigation systems- Han

• Water power mills- Han

• Collars for beast of burden- Han

600ce-1450

• Improved compass – 1000 CE – China (Song dynasty)

– First used for navigation

• Gunpowder – 1200s- China

• Moveable Type – 1000 - China

• Horse Collar – 1100 - Western Europe

• Champa Rice – 1000 - Vietnam

1450-1750

• Africa- Guns west Africa

• Asia- abacus -1593

• Europe- caravel, magnetic compass, and the astrolabe

• Middle East(ottomans)- Gunpowder

• Oceania- Stone tools

• The Americas- Aztec sun calendar-1948

1750-1900

• Revolving machine gun – 1862 – USA

• Typewriter – 1843 – USA

• Refrigerator – 1834 – USA

• Solar powered engine – 1861 – France

• Steam Engine – 1776 – James Watt – Great Britain

• Car with internal combustion engine – 1885 - Germany

1900-may 10th, 2013

• Americas- Motorization

• Europe- Jet engine

• Africa- water purification

• Asia- New shipping technology

• Middle East- military technology

• Oceania-Irrigation systems

Economy

Before 600 BCE – Present

By: Lauren S, Ryan S, Alina, Sydney V, Josh

Middle east:

• Traded wood barley vegetables for metals from Iran and Afghanistan by boat

Americas

• Coastal regions traded sea food and shells for corn and textiles from the foot hills of south America

Africa

• The trade of Papyrus and gold expanded by the use of camels and horses

Asia

• Made silk cloth, raised pigs and chickens, and grew rice and millet

Europe

• Traded natural resources such as timber and tin by river on sturdy built boats

Oceania

• Island hopping/ regional trade

Up to 600 BCE

• Africa: Soninke people set up trading center in Gahanna Traded for salt, cloth, and gold trans Saharan trade connected African peoples • Asia: economic recession in southeast led to population decrease Qin unified currency and had high taxes; mass production of pottery and textiles Han trading spread to central Asia and India • Europe: Greece- not suitable for farming, traded overseas, slaves economic growth led to urbanization in Europe roman republic fell due to trade decline and drop in revenue from taxes • Middle East: Persia- irrigation made producing crops easier roads facilitated trade • Oceania: moved from hunting and gathering to agricultural society traded with outsiders more. • America Mayans created trade routes traded for raw materials, had currency.

600 BCE – 600CE

• AFRICA:

Swahili Coast: Used Indian Ocean Trade,

Sudanic states used Trans-Sahara

• ASIA:

Song Dynasty: Many economic developments (Champa Rice = population growth = more trade, Flying cash/paper currency)

Ming Dynasty: period of isolation-only private merchants traded (porcelain, silk, cotton)

Later Ming: Zheng He’s expedition for presence in Indian Ocean Trade (Spices, Tea, Silk, Gold and Silver)

Mongol Empire - Yuan Dynasty: Controlled Silk Road Trade (silk, porcelain) and gained money from taxing others

• EUROPE:

Tax Farming in Russia, serfdom and Byzantine Trade via Mediterranean

• MIDDLE EAST:

Traded via Indian Ocean and Sahara routes during all caliphates and the Il-khanate

• OCEANIA:

trade expansion, connected Asia (China to Indian Ocean Trade)

• AMERICAS:

Agriculture in Aztecs and Incas.

600 CE - 1450

Europe: Holy Roman Empire (HRE) dominates economics; serfdom. Asia: Hindu/Muslim conflict stimulates economy; growing middle “warrior” class Africa:

Slave labour; “Middle Passage”

Americas: “Colonialism”, plantations/trading post empires

SE Asia: Chinese Isolationism; imperialistic doctrine inhibits foreigners Oceania: Maritime trade with China/India; spices/luxury goods

1450 - 1750

• Europe Rise of Colonialism, Industrialization, imperialism

• Asia British Rajj and the Opium War, European domination

• America Rise of the US as a world power, Latin economic imperialism

• Africa Rise of colonialism, end of slave states, legitimate trade • Oceania

Colonial Australia, White Australia Policy, National beginnings

• Middle East Ottoman Control, Suez Canal

1750 - 1900

Americas • U.S. economy roared during WWI because of war production and support of Britain and France • U.S. stock market crash sparks depression • Latin America experiences depression because of the global depression Asia • Japan prospered during WWI and quickly modernized • Asia is affected by the global depression • After 3 decades of economic growth, Japan hit a deep recession in the 1990’s Europe • WWI transformed civilian life: unemployment vanished and women were employed • By 1931, the depression spread to Europe • USSR was unaffected by the global depression • European Economic Community/common market promoted economic unity Africa • South Africa boomed during the depression due to the increase in the value of gold Oceania not discussed Middle East • Ottoman empire fell behind the rest of the world economically in the late 1900’s • Oil-producing states became very wealthy

1900 - Present