Social Impact of Population Change (Boston, UK)
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Transcript of Social Impact of Population Change (Boston, UK)
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QKAFBH FITBA] KG
TKTUHB]FKN A@BNLE
Q]ZFA] IEMFB EIJBZLK NK] GKZ
TUJHFAB]FKN JEGKZE
\EMNEQMBV KA]KJEZ 1 :42:
B ZETKZ] KG ]@E ]BQC
BNM GFNFQ@ LZKUT
JKQ]KN JKZKUL@ AKUNAFH
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GKZ\KZM
Gzki? Akunafhhkz Tbuh Cennv ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` A`bfz
Akunafhhkz Te}ez Jemgkzm Hebmez Jkq}kn Jkzkul` Akunafh
Qfnae }`e baaeqqfkn kg }`e B0 q}b}eq fn}k }`e Euzktebn Unfkn kn 2 Ibv :44= (Aea`Zetujhfa Eq}knfb @unlbzv Hb}wfb Hf}`ubnfb Tkhbnm Qhkwbcfb bnm Qhkwenfb& }`eUC `bq qeen b qflnfgfabn} a`bnle fn }`e |bv fn |`fa` f}q hbjkuz ibzce}q ktezb}e.Jkq}kn b }zbmf}fknbh qibhh ibzce} }k|n fn }`e `ebz} kg bn bzeb akn}bfnfnl iua` tzfieblzfauh}uzbh hbnm `bq eptezfenaem untzeaemen}em tktuhb}fkn a`bnle muzfnl }`fq}fie.
]`fq a`bnle jzfnlq |f}` f} nk} knhv kttkz}unf}v bnm auh}uzbh mfwezqf}v ju} a`bhhenle.
]`e qf}ub}fkn fn Jkq}kn fq nk} unfrue bq k}`ez }k|nq bnm af}feq `bwe bhqk
eptezfenaem tktuhb}fkn a`bnle gkhhk|fnl }`e bzzfwbh kg `fl` nuijezq kg Euzktebn
iflzbn} |kzcezq. \`fhq} k}`ez bzebq `bwe }`efz k|n eptezfenaeq bnm fqqueq kuz
qf}ub}fkn fq tbz}fauhbzhv q}zfcfnl jeabuqe kg }`e q`eez qabhe kg a`bnle }`b} `bq
kaauzzem. :442 Aenquq gfluzeq q`k|em Jkq}kn bq `bwfnl b tktuhb}fkn kg 55
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Fn mewehktfnl }`fq zetkz} |e `bwe aknqfmezem `k| }k je}}ez kzlbnfqe }`e qezwfaeq
tzkwfmem }k }`e tekthe kg Jkq}kn `bwe ibme kjqezwb}fknq gkz k}`ezq }k aknqfmez bnm
qkul`} }k eqabhb}e akiien}q }k jk}` Nb}fknbh bnm Euzktebn Lkweznien}. \`b} fq
ahebz fq }`b} }`e zeaen} a`bnleq bze qe} }k akn}fnue. Kuz zetkz} mkeq nk} nkz abnnk}
akn}bfn bhh kg }`e bnq|ezq bq }`eze fq nk qfnlhe mehfwezbjhe qkhu}fkn }k }`e tzeqquzeqthbaem kn }`e Jkq}kn Qkafe}v. Ewezvkne `bq }`efz tbz} }k thbv fn kuz akn}fnubhhv
a`bnlfnl qkafbh hbnmqabte. \e iuq} uqe zeqkuzaeq ikze eggea}fwehv |e iuq}
eijzbae bnm a`ezfq` auh}uzbh a`bnle bnm |e iuq} ze}bfn }zbmf}fknbh `ezf}ble. \e
iuq} je unmezq}bnmfnl }khezbn} bnm ikq} fitkz}bn}hv |e neem }k |kzc }kle}`ez }k
gfnm qkhu}fknq }k kuz a`bhhenleq enquzfnl }`b} |e qeauze kuz gbfz q`bze kg m|fnmhfnl
gfnbnaeq.
F} fq |f}` }`fq abhh gkz ba}fkn }`b} |e tzeqen} }`fq zetkz} }k meafqfkn ibcezq qezwfae
tzkwfmezq bnm }`e tekthe kg Jkq}kn.
Akunafhhkz Tbuh Cennv Akunafhhkz Te}ez Jemgkzm
]bqc bnm Gfnfq` A`bfz HebmezJkzkul` Akunafh Jkq}kn Jkzkul` Akunafh
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JBACLZKUNM
Ibnv kg kuz zeqfmen}q `bwe q}zknl eptea}b}fknq kg fiiflzb}fkn tkhfav3 ibnv jehfewe
}`b} }`eze q`kuhm je b abt kz hfif}b}fkn kn gzee ikweien} kg hbjkuz fn}k }`e UC bnm
ibnv jehfewe }`b} ikq} kg kuz qkafbh a`bhhenleq bze b mfzea} zequh} kg EU iflzb}fknfn}k kuz }k|n bnm zuzbh tbzfq`eq. Zeqfmen}q bze `k|ewez b} tbfnq }k epthbfn }`b} }`efz
wfe|q bze nk} jbqem kn ib}}ezq kg zbae kz mfqazfifnb}fkn ju} kn |`b} }`ev qee `ebz
bnm kjqezwe.
Qkie zeqfmen}q jehfewe }`b} }`e qabhe kg fn|bzm iflzb}fkn `bq b me}zfien}bh eggea} kn
}`e Jkzkul` bnm kn }`e }k|n kg Jkq}kn fn tbz}fauhbz. Qkie geeh }`b} zeqkuzaeq bze
}kk }`fnhv q}ze}a`em jeabuqe |e qfithv mkn} `bwe b `bnmhe kn `k| ibnv tekthe hfwe
`eze3 |`fhq} k}`ezq geeh }`b} bmmf}fknbh zeqkuzaeq bze nk} }`e qkhu}fkn bnm }`b}
a`bnleq }k fiiflzb}fkn gzeemki bze neaeqqbzv.
Ktfnfkn fq `ulehv fnghuenaem jv |`b} zeqfmen}q jehfewe }k je }zue bnm `k| }`fq
ibceq }`ei geeh. Ewfmenae lb}`ezem muzfnl }`e zewfe| `bq kn kaabqfknq
akn}zbmfa}em hkabh wfe|tkfn}q. Iv}`juq}fnl fq hfif}em fn eggea}fweneqq bnm neemq
aknq}bn} zeteb}em eggkz}.
\e |bn} ewezvkne }k `bwe b q}bce fn kuz qkafe}v. Cev }k bwkfmfnl fnazebqfnl
}enqfknq fq zeaklnfqfnl }`b} kuz hkabh eaknkiv jv megbuh} quttkz}q bnm neemq
}zbnqfen} hbjkuz gzki |`ezewez }`b} qkuzae ibv je.
Bq b quaaeqqguh akiiunf}v Jkq}kn `bq }k je b thbae |`eze?
ewezvkne geehq }`ev `bwe b q}bce fn qkafe}v
fnmfwfmubhq zeqtea} eba` k}`ez bnm }`e thbae }`ev hfwe fn
kttkz}unf}feq bze bwbfhbjhe }k bhh eqteafbhhv vkunl tekthe
ewezvkne mfqakuzbleq ba}fwf}v |`fa` quttkz}q akiiunf}v mfwfqfkn
tbzen}q bnm qa`kkhq enquze a`fhmzen mewehkt }`e wbhueq qcfhhq bnm a`bzba}ez
}k ibce }`e zfl`} a`kfaeq b} azuafbh ikien}q
ifqaknaet}fkn bnm iv}`q bze zkjuq}hv bnm zeteb}emhv a`bhhenlem hkabh eithkvezq q}zfwe }k quttkz} hkabh eithkvien}
tujhfa bnm wkhun}bzv qezwfaeq |kzc }kle}`ez
Kuz zetkz} qe}q ku} :0zeakiienmb}fknq gkz aknqfmezb}fkn bnm ba}fkn jv }`e Akunafh
hkabh zeqfmen}q tkhf}fafbnq wkhun}bzv bnm tzfwb}e qea}kz qezwfae tzkwfmezq.
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Fn}zkmua}fkn
Gkhhk|fnl kn gzki kuz }|k vebz Lkkm Zehb}fknq tzkoea} }`e Akunafh eq}bjhfq`em fn
hb}e :422 b ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` Lzkut }k epbifne }`e Qkafbh Fitba}q kg Tktuhb}fkn
A`bnle |f}`fn }`e jkzkul`. ]`e Lzkut |bq mzb|n gzki Ehea}em Ieijezq gzkieba` kg }`e tkhf}fabh tbz}feq }`b} ibce ut Jkq}kn Jkzkul` Akunafh.
]`e Lzkut qe} f}qehg }|k ibfn }bqcq }`eqe |eze }k?
Qeec }k bmmzeqq bnv tujhfa tezaet}fkn }`b} }`e Akunafh fq nk} fn }une |f}`
tujhfa ktfnfkn jv gkauqqfnl kn gu}uze tkhfav bnm qezwfae mehfwezv bzzbnleien}q
bnm }k
@khm k}`ez Afwfa Hebmezq bnm kzlbnfqb}fknq }k baakun} fn bmmzeqqfnl tujhfa
aknaeznq bnm neemq }`zkul` }`efz k|n qezwfae mehfwezv bnm tbz}nezq`ft
ikmehq.
/ ]`kqe fnmfwfmubhq gzki kzlbnfqb}fknq zeaklnfqem bq jefnl fnghuen}fbh fn
quttkz}fnl bnm mehfwezfnl Jkq}knq neemq (Akunafhq }`e Tkhfae }`e juqfneqq
bnm gbf}` akiiunf}feq }`e wkhun}bzv qea}kz bnm k}`ezq&.
\e qe} bjku} }`e }bqc fn }`zee q}bleq?)
Q}ble 2 ) Hfq}enfnl. ]`e Aen}ze gkz Lkkm Zehb}fknq |f}` |`ki }`e Akunafh `bm|kzcem qfnae :446 kn b afwfa iemfb}fkn tzklzbiie gbafhf}b}em |kzcq`ktq fnwkhwfnl
Afwfa Hebmezq iflzbn} |kzcezq qezwfae tzkwfmezq }`e wkhun}bzv qea}kz bnm }`e
Jkq}kn tujhfa }`zkul`ku} :422. ]k|bzmq }`e hb}}ez q}bleq kg }`e tzklzbiie }`e
Aen}ze bhqk enlblem }`e Jkq}kn Tzk}eq} Ibza` kzlbnfqezq }k enquze }`b} }`ev bhqk
`bm }`e kttkz}unf}v }k je `ebzm bnm tbz}faftb}e fn kuz tzkaeqq. Kuz Lkkm Zehb}fknq
Tzkoea} auhifnb}em fn b wezv |ehh b}}enmem Afwfa \kzcq`kt fn Obnubzv :42: |`fa`
`ehtem uq qe} }`e qakte kg kuz ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` Lzkut bnm fmen}fgv qkie kg }`e cev
fnmfwfmubhq bnm kzlbnfqb}fknq }`b} |e neemem }k hfq}en }k guz}`ez.
Q}ble : Ewfmenae Lb}`ezfnl. Q}ble : hem uq }k }bce ewfmenae gzki b jzkbm zbnle
kg akn}zfju}kzq3 hkabh tekthe eaknkifa iflzbn}q }`e Tkhfae Eithkvezq Unfknq
Hbnmhkzmq Emuab}fkn }`e Iemfb k}`ez Hkabh Akunafhq kuz hkabh Ieijez kg
Tbzhfbien} }`e Wkhun}bzv Qea}kz Tzk}eq} Ibza` Kzlbnfqezq }`e Lbnlibq}ez
Hfaenqfnl Bu}`kzf}v Okj Aen}ze Thuq @ebh}` @ez Iboeq}vq Zewenueq bnm Auq}kiq
(@IZA& ]`e UC Jkzmez Blenav (UCJB& bnm b zbnle kg Akunafh Kggfaezq. F} fq }`e
ewfmenae gzki bhh kg }`eqe fnmfwfmubhq bnm kzlbnfqb}fknq }`b} `bq jeen azf}fabh }k }`fq
tzkaeqq. ]`e guhh nk}eq kg }`e ewfmenae lb}`ezem bze bwbfhbjhe kn }`e Akunafhq
|ejqf}e b}|||.jkq}kn.lkw.ucunmezVkuz akunafh + Akunafhhkzq bnm meikazbav +
Nk}eq kg }`e QFTA fn Jkq}kn ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` Lzkut iee}fnlqkz aktv }`fq hfnc fn}k b|ej jzk|qez?`}}t?++|||.jkq}kn.lkw.uc+fnmep.bqtp;bz}fahefm9=7:6
http://www.boston.gov.uk/http://www.boston.gov.uk/http://www.boston.gov.uk/http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4629http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4629http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4629http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4629http://www.boston.gov.uk/ -
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Q}ble 1 ) Aknahuqfknq bnm Zeakiienmb}fknq. ]`e gfnbh q}ble kg }`e tzkaeqq |bq
tez`btq }`e ikq} mfggfauh} jeabuqe |e neemem b tezfkm }k aknqfmez bnm zeghea} kn
ewezv}`fnl |e `bm `ebzm fn kzmez }k ibce qkie qkz} kg qenqe gzki f} bhh. \e uqem
}`e quiiez zeaeqq kg :42: }k mehfjezb}e bnm zeba` b ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` Lzkut
aknqenquq kn kuz zeakiienmb}fknq. ]`e :0 zeakiienmb}fknq `bwe jeenahbqqfgfem gkz ba}fkn bq zerufzfnl ef}`ez b hkabh zelfknbh nb}fknbh kz Euzktebn
zeqtknqe.
F}q b} }`fq ebzhv tkfn} fn kuz zetkz} }`b} |e neem }k lfwe vku b ahebz ieqqble fg vku
`bwe nk} jeen tbz} kg kuz tzkaeqq }`en vku zebhhv mk neem }k zebm bhh kg }`e
ewfmenae3 fg vku mkn} f} |fhh je mfggfauh} }k bttzeafb}e kuz okuznev bnm unmezq}bnm }`e
akn}ep} |f}`fn |`fa` |e `bwe ibme kuz zeakiienmb}fknq. F} fq knhv jv `bwfnl `ebzm
}`e ewfmenae }`b} |e kuzqehweq `bwe jeen bjhe }k mfq}fnlufq` tezaet}fkn tktuhbz
jehfeg bnm fnmeem iv}` gzki }`e gba}q }`b} `bwe jeen tzeqen}em }k uq bjku} ibnv
fqqueq }k mk |f}` }`e fitba} kg tktuhb}fkn a`bnle hkabhhv.
F}q bhqk b} }`fq tkfn} }`b} |e neem }k ktenhv zeaklnfqe }`b} fn bmmf}fkn }k bhh kg }`e
tkqf}fwe fitba}q }`b} tktuhb}fkn a`bnle `bq `bm |f}`fn }`e jkzkul` }`eze `bwe jeen
bnm |fhh akn}fnue }k je ibnv a`bhhenleq }`b} kuz zeqfmen}q kuz tbz}nezq bnm |e
neem }k unmezq}bnm bnm qeec }k bmmzeqq. ]`e kwezzfmfnl }`fnl |e `bwe akie }k
bttzeafb}e fq }`b} kuz cev zkhe fq nk} }k qfithv }zv bnm aknwfnae tekthe }`b} }`ev bze
|zknl fn }`efz wfe|q kz fn }`e |bv }`ev geeh. Zb}`ez f} fq |f}`fn zebqkn }k a`bhhenle
bnm }bqc kuzqehweq bnm k}`ezq }k quttkz} kuz akiiunf}v jv fitheien}fnl }`e
zeakiienmb}fknq |f}`fn }`fq zetkz}.
\e bttzeafb}e bhh kg }`e `eht bnm akn}zfju}fknq gzki bhh kg }`kqe |`k `bwe }bcen tbz}
fn }`fq zewfe|3 }`efz akn}zfju}fkn bqqfq}em uq lzeb}hv fn bzzfwfnl b} kuz
zeakiienmb}fknq.
]`eze fq nk rufac gfp qkhu}fkn }k }`e a`bhhenleq |e gbae bnm }`e zeakiienmb}fknq
q`kuhm nk} je b} }`e enm kg kuz okuznev. Ba`fewfnl quaaeqq |fhh en}bfh `bzm |kzc bnm
aknq}bn} zewfe|. \e |fhh iknf}kz tzklzeqq bnm zeaknwene |f}`fn }`e nep} 2: ikn}`q
}k bmbt} zeqtknm bnm azf}frue }`e tzkaeqq.
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Ieijezq kg }`e ]bqc bnm Gfnfq` Lzkut
Akunafhhkz Tbuh Cennv (A`bfzibn&
Akunafhhkz Tbuh Lheeqkn
Akunafhhkz Tbuh Ikuhm
Akunafhhkz Luzmft Qbizb
Akunafhhkz Oumf}` Qcfnnez
Akunafhhkz Ehhfk} Gkun}bfnAkunafhhkz Zfa`bzm Buq}fn
Akunafhhkz Zfa`bzm Hellk}}
Akunafhhkz Ifce Lfhjez}
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