Social Factors

Playing fairly, by the rules, is important when taking part in physical activities. Explain how rules keep participants safe. (2 marks)Examples include:• this can ensure that play is safe so that dangerous techniques are not used/ without this there would be no defined boundaries of acceptable behaviour• if someone does not abide by the rules/ they can be prevented from taking a further part in the activity/ or even stopped from starting in the first place if they are inappropriately dressed or wearing incorrect equipment/ so they don't get hurt.

What might happen if a specific safety rule was not enforced? Give one example. (2 marks)Examples include:• if fingernails were not cut in netball games/ opponents could be scratched if any physical contact occurs• a dangerous, illegal technique, such a spear tackle in rugby/ could result in a serious injury for an opponent• wearing any type of jewellery during activity, such as a belly bar in trampoline/ can result in a serious injury such as a tear wound• not wearing shin pads when playing soccer/ could result in a serious injury such as a cut or break.

A lot of sport is shown on television. Describe the ways in which the director of a televised sports programme could influence how sport will be seen by television viewers. (3 marks)Examples include:• there can be a very positive influence as all of the action can be shown/ from fair and unbiased angles./ They can also influence the commentators or summarisers to be fair in their commentary and show a balanced content./ They can decide to not show disruptive aspects/ such as streakers on the pitch/ so that this sort of behaviour is not encouraged• they can have a negative influence as they may choose to show certain parts of the action/ they can even edit shows or programmes which can give a false impression of the actual events./ They can choose to focus on poor attitudes/ or even poor behaviour by fans, to sensationalise certain aspects and give a sport, or individual a bad name• can have a positive influence by using effects such as action replays or different camera angles, or microphones by the pitch or ref link.

All of the following could control physical activities except:LawsProcessesRulesRegulations(1 mark)

The media has a large influence over sport. Identify one type of media and describe two ways in which it can have a positive effect on sport. (5 marks)Award one mark for correctly identifying a type of media.• Television• Radio• Newspapers or magazines or books• Internet• CD-ROMsAward a further two marks for describing each way the media can have a positive effect, up to a maximum of four marks.• They demonstrate good performance or give exemplars for athletes to copy/ to improve the standards within the sport.• They help officials make decisions/ which improves the reputation of the sport.• They can promote the health benefits/ which can increase participation or popularity of activities.• Through payment for broadcasting rights or indirectly through sponsorship/ increases revenue coming into the sport.• They increase the accessibility of a sport/ which increases its popularity or publicity.• They can make a sport look more interesting or appealing/ and therefore more people want to take part or watch an event.

Safety is an important factor in any physical activity. Using an example, explain how wearing the correct footwear can make participation in a physical activity safer. (2 marks)• Wearing boots/ to provide grip/ for ankle support.• Safety studs/ to prevent injury.• Correct length of stud or spike appropriate to surface or conditions/ to avoid slipping.• Cushioned soles/ to absorb impact.• Wearing trampoline slippers/ to prevent toes getting caught in the webbing.• Wearing dance shoes/ to prevent splinters.

Using an example, explain how following the rules can make participation in a physical activity safer. (2 marks)Award up to one mark for an example of a rule and a further mark for why it makes participation in a physical activity safer.NB accept activity guidelines, eg wearing a life jacket in water based activities.• Wearing shin pads in football or hockey/ to prevent damage to the shins in a tackle.• No foul play, eg no two footed tackle/ to prevent injury.Accept any other suitable response.

Which one of the following is a social factor that can affect participation in physical activity?EquipmentWeatherPeersFacilities(1 mark)

Sports quiz programmes are often on television. State two other types of television programme that promote or cover sport and give an example of each. (4 marks)Award one mark for each type of programme and one further mark for the example, up to a maximum of four marks (2 x 2 marks).• Live sports coverage/ eg Ford Super Sunday• Highlights programmes/ eg Match of the Day• Documentaries/ eg Inside Sport• News bulletins/ eg Sky Sports News• Educational programmes/ eg Peak Performance• Entertainment/ eg Soccer AM

Give an example of a rule from a physical activity of your choice and clearly explain how the rule attempts to prevent injury. (2 marks)• Football – wearing shin pads/ protect from impact.• Cricket, equestrian, hockey goalkeeper – wearing a helmet/ protect head from impact.• Cricket – wearing gloves or pads/ protect body from impact.• Football – no tackling from behind or going over the top/ avoid over aggressive tackles.Accept any other suitable response.

Physical activities often involve landing from different heights. Name a skill in a physical activity which involves landing from a height. (1 mark)Award one mark for naming an appropriate skill in a physical activity which involves landing from a height.Possible examples:• high jump• gymnastics vault• landing from a height in football/ basketball/ netball.

Explain how technique and equipment can be used to reduce the risk of injury when landing from a height for the skill you named in the previous question. (3 marks)Possible examples:• high jump – use Fosbury flop/ to land on shoulders/ not head/ crash mats/ to absorb impact• gymnastics vault – roll on shoulders/ not flat/ appropriate mats/ pit/ to absorb impact• football – landing after heading in football/ bending knees on landing/ to absorb impact/ feet flat on the floor/ balanced position/ use of arms to stabilise.Accept any other suitable response.