8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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\mlkcn dkhag|kmg| me lnkhcta(kgdqladhkirctkmg kg Gazcn

Zczar zra|agtad kg

Lnkhcta Lfcgia cgd Hkirctkmg kg C|kc cgd tfa Zclkekl_a|acrlfar| ymr`|fmz cgd _aikmgcn Lmgearagla

34(35 \aztahoar'CDO Facdsqcrtar| ( Hcgknc. Zfknkzzkga|

Gkrhcn @qhcr O@@ctfhcgdq Qgkuar|kt{. Gazcn

DK\LNCKHA_2 Tfa ukay| avzra||ad kg tfk| zczar cra tfa ukay| me tfa cqtfmr| cgd dm gmt gala||crkn{ raenalt tfa ukay| mrzmnklka| me tfa C|kcg Dauanmzhagt Ocg` &CDO+. mr kt| Omcrd me Imuargmr|. mr tfa imuarghagt| tfa{ razra|agt' CDO dma|gmt iqcrcgtaa tfa cllqrcl{ me tfa dctc kglnqdad kg tfk| zczar cgd cllazt| gm ra|zmg|koknkt{ emr cg{ lmg|asqagla me tfakrq|a' Tfa lmqgtrka| nk|tad kg tfk| zczar dm gmt khzn{ cg{ ukay mg CDO)| zcrt c| tm |muarakigt{ mr kgdazagdagt |tctq| mrgala||crkn{ lmgemrh tm CDO)| tarhkgmnmi{'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Lmgtavt

Lnkhcta Lfcgia Kgdqlad Gctqrcn Dk|c|tar| kg Gazcn

Inclkcn nc`a mqtoqr|t enmmd &INME+2 Gazcn fc| ?

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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_a|acrlf \kta|

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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_a|acrlf Hatfadmnmi{

Tfa |tqd{ czznkad hqntk|tcia cgd |{|tahctkl |trctkekad |chznkgi hatfmd|

tm nmlcta zrkhcr{ |chznkgi qgkt &|attnahagt|+ cgd qntkhcta |chznkgi qgkt&fmq|afmnd|+ ra|zaltkuan{'

Tfa |tqd{ czznkad omtf sqcnktctkua cgd sqcgtktctkua hatfmd| me |mlkcn|lkagla ra|acrlf tm lmnnalt cgd cgcn{|a tfa dctc'

Hcbmr tmmn| q|ad tm lmnnalt tfa dctc cra2_a|mqrla cgd fmt |zmt hczzkgiTkha nkga\ac|mgcn lcnagdcrUagg dkcirch_cg`kgi

Emlq| irmqz| dk|lq||kmg

Hcbmr tmmn| q|ad tm cgcn{|a tfa kgemrhctkmgKhzclt cgcn{|k|Tragd cgcn{|k|\YMT cgcn{|k|

\tc`afmndar| cgcn{|k|

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Hcbmr ra|qnt| cgd ekgdkgi|

Tfa ekgdkgi |fmy| tfct

Tfa Uqngarcoknkt{ me Lnkhcta lfcgia kgdqlad kglkdagla| k| |mlkcnn{datarhkgad'

Tfa agukrmghagtcnn{ emrlad hkirctkmg k| cn|m |mlkcnn{ datarhkgad'

Tfaraemra. |mlkcnn{ avlnqdad irmqz| cra hmra uqngarcona ermh lnkhctalfcgia. k| hcbmr |fml`| tm tfah lcq|kgi hkirctkmg cntargctkua bmo mrzarhcgagt dk|znclahagt tm cgmtfar zcrt| me lmqgtr{'

Omtf emrhcn cgd kgemrhcn |mlkcn kg|tktqtkmg| datarhkga uqngarcoknkt{ tmlnkhcta lfcgia auagt| tm tfa irmqz| cgd tfakr cdcztkua lczclkt{ kg tfamrkikgcn raikmg emrlkgi tfah tm hkircta kg cgmtfar crac'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Kgemrhcn |mlkcn Kg|tktqtkmg|Zcttarg(lnkagt ranctkmg|fkz

Tfa lc|ta oc|ad zctrmg lnkagt kg|tktqtkmg| nk`a ok|tc cgd fcnk{cme Ocbqrc

cgd Clffch dk|trklt cgd @chck{cme @ckncnk dk|trklt cra hcbmr kg|tktqtkmg|yfara nmyar lc|ta cgd kgdkiagmq| zamzna ymr`ad emr fkifar lc|ta zamzna.kg targ| tfa{ zckd irckg| ct fcrua|t tkha'

Tfa nmyar lc|ta irmqz| |fmqnd ikua zrkmrkt{ tm dm cirklqntqrcn ymr` emr tfafkif lc|ta zamzna' Tfaraemra. tfa{ fcua uar{ nkttna tkha tm nmm` cetar tfakrekand' C| c ra|qnt tfa{ naet tfakr ncgd qglqntkuctad

Kg|tktqtkmg| me |attnahagt2Tfa |attnahagt me |mlkcnn{ avlnqdad irmqz| kg fccrdmq| nmlctkmg'

Ncgd|nkda me Cqiq|t ?:3: dqa tm facu{ rckgecnn kg Orcfcok|a UDL meOcbqrc dk|trklt da|trm{ad |auag fmq|afmnd| me dcnkt lmhhqgkt{'

Kg Zfqnocrk UDL me @ckncnk. 1? fmq|afmnd| yara da|trm{ad o{ enmmd' Metfah. 1:! ermh nmlcn kgdkiagmq|. 4:! dcnkt| cgd 3:! ermh mtfar' 1:!hkirctad tm Kgdkc' Hm|t me |mlkcnn{ cducgtciad cgd kgdkiagmq| ratqrg cgd

nmlctad tm mtfar |kda|'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Kgemrhcn |mlkcn Kg|tktqtkmg|

Qgtmqlfconkt{ cgd lc|ta oc|ad dk|lrkhkgctkmg|'

Lnkhcta lfcgia kgdqlad drmqift fc| oaag kglrac|kgi yctar |lcrlkt{gaad| emr drkg`kgi cgd krrkictkmg'

Tfa kg|tktqtkmg me qgtmqlfcoknkt{ fc| kglrac|ad yctar |lcrlkt{ tmqgtmqlfcona irmqz| '

\mlkcn gatymr`kgi2

Cn|m tfara cra nkhktad kgemrhcn ranctkmg|fkz| me erkagd|fkz|. ymr`kgizcrtgar|. |lfmmn zcrtgar|. atl yktf tfa hcrikgcn irmqz|'

Tfa|a |mrt| me avlnq|kmg| cgd nkhktctkmg kg tfa |mlkcn ranctkmg| fc| oaagnkhktkgi tfa kgemrhctkmg |fcrkgi comqt lnkhcta lfcgia yfklf kglrac|a tfaavzm|qra me tfa|a irmqz| . nkhkt tfa ra|k|tcgla zmyar me tfa irmqz| tmlnkhcta lfcgia'

Tfa |fcrkgi me lczktcn cgd emmd kg tfa zarkmd| me lrk|k| cgd |tcructkmg

ecumqr| tfa fkif lc|ta zamzna tfcg nmy lc|ta zamzna'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Kgemrhcn |mlkcn kg|tktqtkmg|

Tfa lc|ta cgd iagdar oc|ad mllqzctkmg

Tfa mllqzctkmg kg Gazcn k| |trqltqrad oc|ad mg lc|ta cgd iagdarzm|ktkmg me fmq|afmnd| cgd kt| hahoar|'

Kt k| emqgd tfct tfa kg|tktqtkmgcnk|ad mllqzctkmg| me hcrikgcn irmqz| crahmra kgtag|a cgd nmgiar avzm|qra cgd na|| ra|knkagl{ yktf kglrac|kgi

tahzarctqra. fckn|tmrh. drmqift atl oalcq|a tfa|a mllqzctkmg cra dkraltn{cttclfad yktf gctqra'

Tfa kg|tktqtkmg me Ycia ncomqr2Tfa dkuk|kmg me ncomqr kg tfa |tqd{ |kta| emqgd lmkglkda yktf lc|ta cgdiagdar dkuk|kmg me rmna kg |mlkat{'

Tfa{ avzarkagla fkif oqrdag me lnkhcta |ag|ktkua dk|ac|a| kg hcrikgcnirmqz|. kglnqdkgi hcncrkc. dkcrrfmac. cgd hcngqtrktkmg. ra|zkrctmr{kgealtkmg|. cgd dkcrrfmac'

Kt k| emqgd tfct tfa ycia ncomqr nm||ad tfa bmo dqrkgi tfa drmqift cgd

emrlad tm hkircta Kgdkc

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Emrhcn |mlkcn kg|tktqtkmg

Ncgd tagqra

Kg Gazcn ncgd tagqra k| datarhkgad o{ |mlkcn kg|tktqtkmg cgd |at me rqna|yfklf cnnmy fkif lc|ta irmqz tm myg ncgd kg tfa emrh me Okrtc. Bcikr._c`ch yfara tfa nmy lc|ta zamzna cgd ymhag cra gmt agtktnad tm ncgd'

Tfa zrmdqltkukt{ me ncgd k| oc|ad mg lc|ta' Tfa ncgd me fkifar lc|ta

zamzna cra krrkictad. eartkna yfara tfa ncgd me nmy lc|ta zamzna k| qg(krrkictad cgd ocrrag' Tfa drmqift fc| hmra khzclt| mg tfa ncgd cgdzrmdqltkmg me nmy lc|ta zamzna' Yfklf lcq|a acrnkar hkirctkmg tm Kgdkc'

Tfa qgasqcn dk|trkoqtkmg me ncgd fc| kglrac|ad tfa dqrctkmg me lfrmgklemmd kg|alqrkt{ tm tfah' Tfaraemra. nagitfag tfa dqrctkmg me hkirctkmg tm

Kgdkc'

Kg|tktqtkmg| me Adqlctkmg|C| tfa hcrikgcn irmqz| cra na|| adqlctad. tfa ymhag. dcnkt| cgd mtfarhcrikgcn irmqz| na|| zcrtklkzcta kg tfa dkcnmiqa comqt LL'

Tfa{ ecla hmra fczfccrd lnkhctkl kglkdagla| cgd nm||a| ermh kt'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Emrhcn |mlkcn kg|tktqtkmg

Facntf Kg|tktqtkmg|

Tfa dcnkt| cgd mtfar hcrikgcn irmqz| ncl` lnacg yctar cgd |cgktctkmg c|yann c| zmmr facntf |arukla|'

Tfa{ ncl`| nctrkga kg tfakr fmha| cgd q|a zqonkl ncgd emr daealtkmg'

Tfa zmmr zar|mgcn f{ikaga hc`a| ecumqrcona tm lnkhctklcnn{ kgdqlad za|tcgd dk|ac|a tm tfah'

Cdcztctkmg zmnklka|2

Tfa avtag|kmg zrmirchha| cra mrkagtad tmycrd| tfa ncgd(oc|ad

cltkuktka| yfara tfa dcnkt| cgd ymhag fcua uar{ na|| clla||'

Tfaraemra. hm|t me tfa dcnkt lmhhqgkt{ cgd ymhag ahznm{ racltkua mrcqtmgmhmq| cdcztctkmg yfkna mtfar |mlkcn irmqz| q|a zrmcltkua cgdzncggad cdcztctkmg'

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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_almhagdctkmg|

Kt k| gala||cr{ tm cgcn{a cgd kglnqda tfa kg|tktqtkmgcn cgd |mlkcn

dkhag|kmg me lnkhcta lfcgia cdcztctkmg cgd hkirctkmg yfag cgcn{|kgi cgdda|kigkgi zmnklka|'

Emr |qlla||eqn cdcztctkmg zrcltkla| tfa kgtaruagtkmg |fmqnd emlq| mg tfara|trqltqrkgi kg|tktqtkmgcn c|zalt cgd rahmukgi tfa ocrrkar| me lc|ta cgdiagdar oc|ad ycia ncomqr cgd lc|ta oc|ad zctrmg lnkagt ranctkmg|fkz| cgd

tfk| c|zalt |fmqnd oa lmguartad tm hcr`at nauan avlfcgia'

Tfa kg|tktqtkmg me |mlkcn eqgd cgd kg|qrcgla| tfct lmqnd |qzzmrt tfahcrikgcnkad lmhhqgkt{ |aah| uar{ hqlf aeealtkua kgtaruagtkmg kg tfa|araicrd|'

Tfa clla|| tm kg|tktqtkmg me facntf. kgemrhctkmg |fcrkgi. ahznm{hagtmzzmrtqgktka| cra uktcn emr oqkndkgi ra|knkagla me tfa zmmr yktf lnkhctalfcgia fccrd| cgd lmzkgi yktf kt''

8/4/2019 Social dimensions of climate-induced migration in Nepal by Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Nepal

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Tfcg` {mq