Social Dimension of Study Financing
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Transcript of Social Dimension of Study Financing
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Social Dimension of Study Financing
International Conference
Social Dimension Improvement in Environment of University23 January 2014; 13.35 14.00
Vilnius University Scholarly Communication and Information
Centre (SaultekisAve 5, Vilnius)
dr. Romas LazutkaVU professor
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Social dimension of higher education
1. Social dimension means equal access to higher education for allsocial classes
2. It is wide consensus on formal justice - modern societies dontuse formal discrimination in legal regulation
3. However there is a problem with material or social justice
4. Absent of legal restriction does not means equal access in realworld, because of economic and social (income and status)inequality
5. Therefore equal access to higher education is related to
distribution of resources (income)
That is why social dimension is closely linked to mode of study
financing
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Social dimension
of Lithuanian higher education
in sense of equal access
for different economic and social classes
Have we a problem?
No, if we look at average numbers
Yes, it is huge problem, if we look at specific numbers
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Students dont see the problemStudents view on social justice in Lithuanian higher education system,
N=289 (students of Vilnius University and Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences)
By the way, it could be treated as an evidence of low quality of
education
9
51
146
70
130
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Very bad bad Neither bad,
nor good
good Very good
estimation
Respondents
Lazutka,R., liuait, D. (2012).
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Perhaps students and
society in general dont see
the problem because of high
number of students at
universities
HOWEVER
does high rate of educatedyoung people means equal
access to higher education
in the country?
Persons with tertiary education
attainment:
share of total number of 25-34years old age group,
percent, 2012
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Two feasible risks
high participation rate of young people in higher
education can coexist with two inequalities:
Unequal representation of different economic andsocial classes in higher education
Unequal access of prestigious universities and
desirable study programs for different economic and
social classes
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Unequal representation of different social classes in
higher education in Lithuania(index of university education accessibility from 0 to 100 points;
Survey of Household Budgets, 2008)
68
52
76
58
89
57
70
52
67
24
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0-1 nepilnametis nam kyje
2-2+ nepilnamei nam kyje
Moteris
Vyras
Yra kit nam kio nari su auktuoju
Nra nam kio nari su auktuoju
Neskursta
Skursta
Neturi negalios
Turi negali
Navick, J., Lazutka, R. (2008).
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Unequal access of prestigious
universities and desirable study
programs for different economic andsocial classes
Students from higher economic and social classesare much more represented in prestigious
university and in most desirable and gainful study
programs
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Representation of various economic and social classes in
universities and study programs of different prestige level
University Study programme Number of respondents
Vilnius
University
Political science 32
Economics 32
Law 23Psychology 41
Total VU: 128
Lithuanian
University of
Educational
Sciences
Psychology 43
Applied history 36
Special pedagogy 22
Russian language 16
Total VPU: 117
Respondents: 1st and 2nd year students of 2010/2011 academic year
VU was 1st and LUES was 10th in 2010 and 2011 in universitiesranking in LT
Most popular study programmes of VU
Accidental study programmes of LUES
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Students social and economic characteristics of most and
less prestigious universities and study programs
VU (%), N=128; LUES (%), N=117
VU LUES
Big cities 45 21
Income of parents >3800Lt 55 7
Personal income > 600Lt 54 23
Apartment renting or living with parents 72 46
At least on of parents has prestigious profession* 61 212 or more grandparents have university education 30 9
At least one of parents have managerial position
(vadovaujaniaspareigas)
48 12
VU LUES
From rural area 15 31
Income of parents
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States response to unequal opportunities
Vouchers based not on social of economic status, but on merits
(on academic achievements mainly before university)
Upper economic and social classes are collecting vouchers
VU LUES
Have studentsvouchers 80 56
Not paying for education are intended to choosethe same study programme in case of paying
50 6
Plan to work because of needs 12 66
Plan to work because of perfection 73 22
Lazutka,R., liuait, D. (2012).
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Students view on principles of vouchers distribution, N=289
26
53
64
77
69
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perfectly unfair unfair Neither fair,
nor unfair
fair
Respondents
Perfectly fair
Estimation
Lazutka,R., liuait, D. (2012).
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Market dimension versussocial
dimension of study financing?
Should society pay reward to good consumer of university
services (or good producer of academic grades at the and of
schooling)?
Or should society to cover study costs for those who have not
enough resources (for students with lower economic and
social background)?
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Alternative ways of study financing?
60 +
Income
Age
19-25m.
Loans from bank
or not for profitpublic fund
State budget
(progressive income tax)
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Marginal productivity and income of graduates and not
graduates
60+
Age
19-25m.
graduates
low educated
Income
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Likely student from poor family goes to the bank,
student from better-off family has vouches from State
budget
Two ways of study financing have the same source of
financing (future income of student)
HOWEVERfuture is always uncertain
State budget works as an insurance company for
better-off student but bank does not (State provides insurance for
banks, but not for poor students)
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Actual mix of accessibility and study
financing
Accessibility
Most desirable study
programs and
universities
Less desirable study
programs and
universities
Fin
ancing
Social
support
from State
Upper social classes
Private Lower social classes
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Rational mix of accessibility and study financing
(in period of high rate of emigration)
Accessibility
Most desirable study
programs and
universities
Less desirable study
programs and
universities
Fin
ancing
Social
support
from
State
Lower social classes
PrivateUpper social classes
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Rational mix of accessibility and study financing
(without emigration)
Accessibility
Most desirable study
programs and
universities
Less desirable study
programs and
universities
Fin
ancing
Social
supportfrom
State
Lower and upper social classes
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Social dimension of education
works for economic efficiency
Old fashion economists see certain trade-off between
equality and efficiency
Financial constrains for equal access not only unjust, but
also economically irrational, because of loss of talents
from lower social and economic classes
Transformation of study financing could increase both
social justice and economic efficiency
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Thank you