Social Change in the 1800s (particularly 1850-1914)

I. Modernizing the City

•Pre-Industrial Revolution there is little notion of urban planning •Not many people live in cities and those that do have to deal with the consequences •As the industrial revolution causes population in cities explodes (17% of England in 1800, 54% of England in 1900) social reformers begin to develop urban planning •Remember…

–No sewage system–Little running water–No parks–No transportation

•Walking cities –Recent rural immigrants are used to living in filth –Ignorance of basic health principles

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Sanitation Breakthrough

• Edwin Chadwick – Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham– Studied the poor and publishes

findings of connections between filth and disease

– Argues for development of sanitation systems

• Cheap iron of I.R. – Hampered by ‘Miasma Theory’

• Germ Theory– Louis Pasteur

• vaccines– Joseph Lister

• Better surgical procedures Lister

Urban Planning• Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon)

– Wants a capital fit for an emperor – Demolishes much of medieval Paris– Wide boulevards

• Side benefit?

– Public Parks – Sewers

• Copied by many other European cities • Eventually, transportation eases crowding

– Electric Streetcar

• All wages rose but income inequality stayed constant or grew

• Upper and middle classes – 20% of population- over 50% of wealth)

• Lower classes – 80% of population - under 50% of wealth)

• Marxism weakened by scramble to move up in terms of sub- class

Part II. Class

III. Science Increasingly Had an Impact on the Daily Lives of the Working Classes

• Wasn’t true in Scientific Revolution • Some have referred to the late 19th century as a second

industrial revolution – Electricity – Light bulbs – Streetcars – Airplanes – Cars– Radio– Telephone – Movies– Phonograph

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Shakes Up Social Science

• On the Origin of the Species– Competition for scarce resources leads fittest to survive and pass on their

traits – Remind anyone of Malthus?

• Is there still a need for God? • What if you apply Darwin’s ‘survival of the fittest’ to humans?

– Social Darwinism • The rich are rich because they are better• Applies both to individuals and races

– How might this help usher in a more ‘extreme’ or ‘conservative’ nationalism?’

• Killing or taking land from other races is OK. It just demonstrates your fitness.

• Keeping the poor on the bottom is OK. They are less fit. • These theories are just in time for an upcoming theme- New Imperialism

Monkey picture on page 815

Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro Period _________

Social Change in the 1800s (particularly 1850-1914) Note-Taking Guide)

I. Modernizing the City • Pre-Industrial Revolution there is little notion of __________________• Not many people live in cities and those that do ___________________

__________________________________________________________• As the industrial revolution causes population in cities explodes (______

__________________________________________) social reformers begin to develop urban planning

• Remember… – ______________________– Little running water– ______________________– No transportation

• ____________________________– Recent rural immigrants are____________________________– Ignorance of basic ___________________________

• Sanitation Breakthrough – Edwin Chadwick

• Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham ___________________ ____________________________________________

• Studied the poor and publishes findings of connections between _______________________________

• Argues for development of _____________– _______________________________

• Hampered by ‘Miasma Theory’- __________________ ____________________________________________

– Germ Theory• _________________________

– __________________• Joseph Lister

– Better _____________________________• Urban Planning

– Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon) • Wants a capital _____________________ • Demolishes _________________________________• Wide boulevards

– Side benefit? - _______________________• Public Parks • ___________________

– Copied by many _______________________________– Eventually, transportation eases crowding

• _________________________

II. Class • All wages rose but _________________ stayed constant or grew• Upper and middle classes

– ________% of population- over _______ % of wealth• Lower classes

– _____% of population - under _____% of wealth) • Marxism weakened by scramble to move ________________________

III. Science Increasingly Had an Impact on the Daily Lives of the Working Classes

• Wasn’t true in _____________________________________• Some have referred to the late 19th century as a ________________

_______________________________________– Electricity , Light bulbs , Streetcars , Airplanes , Cars, Radio,

Telephone , Movies, Phonograph • Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Shakes Up Social Science

– _____________________________________________• _____________________________________________

_ ______________________________________________

• Remind anyone of ____________? – Is there still a need _____________? – What if you apply Darwin’s ‘survival of the fittest’ _________?

• Social Darwinism – ______________________________________– ______________________________________

• How might this help usher in a more ‘__________’ or ‘________________’ nationalism?’

– Killing or taking land ____________________ ________________________ . It just demonstrates your ___________.

– Keeping the poor on the bottom ________. ______________________________.

– These theories are just in time for an upcoming theme- _______________________________