SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and...

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SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACY Michelle A. Meyer Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center Texas A&M University *Funded by PERISHIP, MSS, and RSS Developing Disaster-Specific Measures

Transcript of SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and...

Page 1: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and collective efficacyu.pdfSocial capital, both informal and formal, are distinct from collective

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACY

Michelle A. Meyer

Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center

Texas A&M University

*Funded by PERISHIP, MSS, and RSS

Developing Disaster-Specific Measures

Page 2: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and collective efficacyu.pdfSocial capital, both informal and formal, are distinct from collective

What is Disaster Resilience?

The capacity of an individual or community to “bounce back” from a disaster or other hazardous event.

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Economic

Social/ demographics

Information/ communicate

Infrastructure

Institutional

Collective efficacy

Social capital

Beyond economic and demographic, a variety of factors have been theorized.

Page 4: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and collective efficacyu.pdfSocial capital, both informal and formal, are distinct from collective

Economic

Social/ demographics

Information/ communicate

Infrastructure

Institutional

Collective efficacy

Social capital

The two most interaction-based factors are least theoretically and methodologically developed.

Page 5: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACYhrrc.arch.tamu.edu/_common/documents/social capital and collective efficacyu.pdfSocial capital, both informal and formal, are distinct from collective

Economic

Social/ demographics

Information/ communicate

Infrastructure

Institutional

Social capital

“The aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition” (Bourdieu 1985: 248).

The two most interaction-based factors are least theoretically and methodologically developed.

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Economic

Social/ demographics

Information/ communicate

Infrastructure

Institutional

Collective efficacy

“The shared belief that a group can effectively meet environmental demands and improve their lives through concerted effort” (Benight 2004: 402).

The two most interaction-based factors are least theoretically and methodologically developed.

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Mixed Method Case Studies: Dixie and Leon Counties, Florida

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Research Methods

Individual level:

0 Surveys of residents

0 N = 65 in Dixie

0 N = 73 in Leon

0 Response rate of 27%

0 Interviews

0 N = 9 in Dixie

0 N = 16 in Leon

Community level:

0 Interviews with organizational representatives

0 N = 5 in Dixie

0 N = 23 in Leon

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How do individuals understand their informal social capital for disaster situations?

Informal Social Capital

Survey Name Generator

Per

son

Relationship

(parent,

sibling, friend,

neighbor, etc.) Age Gender Race

Location

(City,

State)

Help they

could provide

(check all that

apply)

Have they

helped you in

past

hurricanes?

Have you

helped them

in past

hurricanes?

1

Female

Male

White

Black

Other:

Latino/a

Asian

_______

Financial

Non-financial

Financial

Non-financial

No

Financial

Non-financial

No

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Informal disaster social networks are limited in size.

Informal Social Capital

Respondent

mean=3.69

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Financial disaster social networks are smaller than nonfinancial networks.

Informal Social Capital

Respondent

mean=3.12

Respondent

mean=1.74 $

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Family 60%

Neighbors 8%

Friends 32%

Family is prevalent in individuals’ disaster networks.

Informal Social Capital

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Formal social capital is limited, and many would not rely on it for disaster assistance.

Formal Social Capital

30%

31%

15%

8%

8% 8%

0

1

2

3

4

5 or more

43%

33%

16%

4% 2% 2%

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How do residents and organizational representatives perceive the collective efficacy of their communities to “come together” for disaster resilience?

Collective Efficacy

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Collective Efficacy

Social Cohesion Index, Mean 2.62 Can be trusted Don’t get along Willing to help neighbors Close-knit neighborhood Don’t share similar values

Community Index, Mean 3.24 A safe place

People can have an impact on community

Will get worse in next 5 years People would not cooperate I would like to move

Disaster Collective Efficacy, Mean 3.27

Community would distribute resources effectively following a disaster

People in my community will work well with each other during disaster recovery Organizations and individuals are ready to respond to the community’s needs following a disaster

Supporting those in greatest need after a disaster would be a priority for my community

Community could work toward common recovery goals

Co

rre

lati

on

: 0.

61

Correlation: 0.74

Co

rre

lati

on

: 0.

62

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Interviewees gave several reasons to believe in high levels of disaster collective efficacy in their communities.

1. Organizational – Emergency response organizations are assumed to be effective and foster collective action.

2. Cultural story – Small, Southern towns have friendly people.

3. Neighborly – Neighbors and neighborhoods are supportive.

4. Place attachment and education – Promote individual involvement in collective action.

5. Volunteerism and civic participation – Indicate willingness for disaster collective action.

Collective Efficacy

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“People are more than willing to serve. But you’ve got to be organized, and you have to show that you have a strong foundation and that when you come in you’re prepared to receive them, they feel good about their service, it’s mission-driven…. That is more long-term sustainability and long-term success.” – Volunteer Services, Leon County

Collective Efficacy

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1. Social capital, both informal and formal, are distinct from collective efficacy.

2. Informal social capital relies on family ties, which are not captured in common social capital measures.

3. Measures of disaster social capital must include the resource.

4. Disaster collective efficacy perceptions rely on assumptions about disaster organizational response.

Michelle A. Meyer

[email protected]

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Survey

Resp

on

den

ts Dem

ograp

hics

Dixie (n =75)

Leon (n =63)

Married 53% 40%

Annual Household Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-30,000 $30,000-45,000 $45,000-60,000 $60,000 and above

23% 25% 22% 10% 20%

22% 15% 14% 11% 38%

Persons with High School Degree or Higher Persons with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

90% 25%

94% 57%

Employment Full-time Retired

34% 41%

59% 24%

Median Age (in years) 62 57

Respondent Has a Disability 28% 10%

White Alone Black/African American Alone

92% 1%

67% 31%

Female 51% 54%

Housing Single Family Home Mobile Home

43% 53%

61% 2%