Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks: Content Awareness or Obliviousness?
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Transcript of Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks: Content Awareness or Obliviousness?
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http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Human-centered Computing Lab
Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks: Content Awareness or Obliviousness?
Waldir Moreira and Paulo [email protected]
June 16th, 20148th IEEE WoWMoM Workshop on Autonomic and Opportunistic Communications (AOC 2014)Sydney, Australia
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Agenda
Introduction
Social-aware Forwarding inOpportunistic Wireless Networks
Experiments
Content Awareness or Obliviousness:Which way to go?
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Introduction
Information-Centric Networking (ICN): driven by information- Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA)- Named Data Networking (NDN)- Network of Information (NetInf)
Opportunistic Networks (OppNets): driven by contact opportunity- Single-copy forwading- Replication-based
Aim at improving content dissemination
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Introduction
Powerful wireless devices
Wireless technology for direct communication- Vehicle-to-vehicle, Wi-Fi direct, device-to-device
Dynamic scenario: content prosumers (producers and consumers)- Content exchanged anytime and anywhere, highly mobile users, intermittent connectivity, physical obstacles, …
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Introduction
Motivation: by looking at the nature and properties- OppNets → contact opportunities, cope with disruptive networking scenarios, persistent storage - ICN → content knowledge, availability, security, and location-independence, in-network caching
- Both → abstract the need for e2e communication
- Alignment with today's scenario
Goal: bring together the best of both worlds and understand how much content knowledge can impact the performance of social-based opportunistic forwarding
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks
Different flavors- Epidemic solutions- Based on contact history - Social similarity
Our focus: social-aware family- Avoid the volatile property of mobility → dynamic scenarios- Common social groups and communities, node popularity, levels of centrality, shared interests, and future social interactions
In what concerns content knowledge- Content-oblivious: completely unaware of content information » Bubble Rap, CiPRO, and dLife - Content-oriented: consider different levels of content knowledge » SocialCast, ContentPlace, and SCORP
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Assess the impact of combining content and social awareness to forward data in opportunistic networks
Parameters Values
Simulator Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE)
Routing Proposals Bubble Rap, dLife and SCORP
Scenarios CRAWDAD Cambridge trace Synthetic mobility
Simulation Time 1036800 sec 345600 sec
# of Nodes 36 150
Mobility models Human Shortest Path Map Based
Generated messages 35, 175, 350, 700, and 1225 200
Node Buffer 2 MB
Node Interface Bluetooth
Message Size 1 – 100 kB
Message TTL Length of experiments
K-Clique, k 5 (Bubble Rap)
K-Clique, familiarThreshold 700 sec (Bubble Rap)
Daily samples 24 (dLife and SCORP)
Experiments
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Bubble Rap- 1msg/int: Comm.-based fwd- Buffer use: 9.94MB (5msg/int)→ 50% reduction
dLife - 1msg/int: Social weight, importance → direct delivery- Buffer use: 2.17MB (10msg/int) → 43% reduction
SCORP - 1msg/int: dense network → Interest-based forwarding- Buffer use: 0.16MB (35msg/int) → stable delivery
ExperimentsImpact of network load
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
1msg/int: comm/direct delivery → Low number of replicas
Bubble Rap and dLife - Cost is expected to increase as load increases- Peaks due to message creation time and contact sporadicity- High number of contacts → more replications
SCORP - More interest → better message carrier- Avg. of 6.39 replicas, across all msg/int configurations, against 452.41 and 96 replicas of Bubble Rap and dLife
ExperimentsImpact of network load
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
1msg/int: few contacts andlong periods (12 to 23 hours) ofalmost no contact→ high latency
As load increases→ messages created in different time periods
Bubble Rap and dLife - Latency in function of delivered messages plus choice of forwarders→ decrease and variable behavior
SCORP - More interest → better forwarder → higher probability of coming into contact with other nodes sharing similar → reducing latency
ExperimentsImpact of network load
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Bubble Rap- Del. based on global centrality- Few nodes plus constrained buffer and long TTL → reduced delivery
dLife - Nodes move (i.e., interact) less → longer time to converge → more replicas → buffer exhaustion- Social awareness is advantageous, but not enough
SCORP - Social weights with others sharing interests → no impact from mobility
100000-second pause time: few and sporadic interactions (intervals of 20 and 26 hours) → convergence time
ExperimentsImpact of node mobility
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Bubble Rap and dLife - As pause time increases, the # of contacts decreases → Better view of the network in termos of social metrics → less replicas
SCORP - Interest-based replication + socially well-connected nodes → very low replication (average of 0.5 replicas)- Resource use: estimated average occupancy of 0.03MB/node/day
100000-second pause time: cost is in function of delivered messages- Low deliveries due to contact sporadicity → proposals have a low cost.
ExperimentsImpact of node mobility
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Bubble Rap, dLife, SCORP - Less interactions among nodes → longer time to converge → messages are stored longer → increased latency experience
100000-second pause time: latency peaks are due to contacts happening in a sporadic fashion with intervals between them of up to 26 hours
ExperimentsImpact of node mobility
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Definitely, content knowledge (i.e., type and interested parties) must be taken into account
The content-oriented social-aware opportunistic forwarding scheme experiences delivery improvements up to 60%, while its latency and cost can be reduced by 75% and 90% respectively, when compared to content-oblivious forwarding schemes
Results do show the advantages of building social- and content-aware forwarding schemes for networking in disruptive scenarios
Content Awareness or Obliviousness:Which way to go?
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Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt
Acknowledgements
To CitySense project from COPELABS and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG)
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