Xinjiang Yining Urban Transport

Improvement Project

Social Assessment (SA)

Report

People’s Government of Yining City

World Bank Loan Yining Urban Transport Project

Project Management Office December 2011

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

2

个个个个

开尔个Brief个盲ntro金uction 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 3个

开尔开个Brief个Description个of个the个Project 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 3个

开尔2个Function个of个Socia饮个Assess高ent个in个this个Project 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 63个

开尔3个Main个Conc饮usion个an金个Suggestions 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 2开3个

2尔个Socia饮个Assess高ent个Ana饮ysis 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 2摩3个

2尔开个Profi饮e个of个牧cono高ic个an金个Socia饮个Deve饮op高ent个in个the个Project个Area 2摩3个

2尔2个自he个Major个Project-affecte金个Peop饮e个to个退e个i金entifie金 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 或63个

2尔3个Pro金uction个Mo金e个an金个种ifesty饮e个of个Resi金ents个in个the个Co高高unities 或摩3个

2尔或个自rave饮个Mo金es个of个Co高高unity个Resi金ents个an金个Opinions个自hey个畜e饮金个a退out个

Current个Ur退an个自ransport个Con金itions 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 族工3个

2尔托个Un金erstan金ing个an金个suggestion个of个peop饮e个who个are个inf饮uence金个on个the个

project 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开工开3个

2尔6个Attitu金e个an金个suggestion个of个resi金ents个who个高ight个退e个inf饮uence金个退y个

饮an金个 expropriation个 an金个 re饮ocation个 to个 the个 饮an金个 expropriation个 an金个

re饮ocation个of个the个project 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开开族3个

2尔摩个 自he个 su退stance个 an金个 cu饮ture个 resource个 金istri退ution个 within个 the个

project个area个an金个the个i高pact个which个高ight个cause金个退y个the个project 尔尔尔 开或或3个

3尔个Main个conc饮usion个an金个suggestion 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开或摩3个

3尔开个Main个conc饮usion 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开或摩3个

3尔2个Potentia饮个inco高e个of个the个peop饮e个inf饮uence金个退y个the个project 尔尔尔尔 开或族3个

3尔3个 自he个 potentia饮个 negative个 i高pacts个 on个 the个 peop饮e个 inf饮uence金个 退y个 the个

project 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开或族3个

3尔或个Measures个to个re金uce个the个negative个i高pacts 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开托开3个

3尔托个A退out个suggestion个on个project个sche高e 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开托63个

3尔6个A退out个suggestion个of个ethnic个高inorities 尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔尔 开托族3个

个个个个

3

1. Brief Introduction

1.1 Brief Description of the Project

Located in northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Yining City is the

capital city of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Nowadays, there are 35 arterial roads of total

length 331KM in Yining City; the national highway and provincial highway cross through the

city are G218 Line (13.5KM), S220 Line (5.3KM) and S313 Line (5.5KM), which composing

basically an urban road network centering the central urban area, and per capita possession of

road area is 16.2 m2. In recent years, Yining City sees rapid economic and social development

with great increase in imports and exports as well as personnel exchange while seeing still weak

infrastructural conditions of transport such as high population density in the old urban area, aged

and seriously-damaged roads; East Urban Area and Development Zone are planned respectively

to be cultural and educational base and industrial area, but part of existing roads is narrow,

damaged or even no access there; the auxiliary facilities such as water supply, drainage, heating,

lighting and landscaping are incomplete, and the living environment of residents is poor;

insufficient traffic sign and bus stop leads to mixing of pedestrian and vehicles, which causes

crowded and disordered traffic with hidden danger of traffic safety. Therefore, “Yining Urban

Transport Improvement Project” aims to create a road traffic system of convenience and

rapidness for urban development through providing and improving urban transport infrastructure

and service continuously, completing road network structure and linking them to existing urban

road system of Yining City.

Yining Urban Transport Improvement Project contains mainly roads in Old Urban Area,

East Urban Area and Development Zone, public traffic engineering, traffic control, road safety

engineering, institutional strengthening and personnel training. After the completion of the

Project, the urban area of Yining City will be connected with National Highway No. 218,

Provincial Highway No. 220, Provincial Highway No. 313 and the railway station, which

promotes trade, technical exchange and cooperation between Horgos Land Port and Central

Asia; the Project will complete auxiliary facilities for urban roads including water supply,

drainage, lighting, environmental sanitation and landscaping works, promote urban economic

development and improve living standard of the people in Yining City.

The Project consists mainly of the following 4 components:

4

(1) Urban road and auxiliary works, including construction of urban roads within Old

Urban Area, East Urban Area and Development Zone (also named as Cooperation Zone) in

Yining City, in addition to auxiliary works, public traffic engineering, traffic control, road safety

engineering, institutional strengthening and personnel training�

25 roads of total length 72.39km will be constructed this time, including 12 arterial roads

of total length 40.97km; 10 secondary roads of total length 24.63km; and 3 access roads of total

length 6.79km. Of which, 6 roads of total length 14.75km in Old Urban Area; 10 roads of total

length 24.98km in East Urban Area; and 9 roads of total length 32.66km in Development Zone.

(2) Public traffic construction, including bus stops, bus depot, bus hub, intelligent bus

dispatching and command center, bus terminal and bus procurement etc. In order to improve

public transport capacity and service quality, 200 environment-friendly buses with CNG as fuel

will be procured by the Project for phasing out existing aged buses within 5 years.

Table 1-1 Table of Proposed Roads by the Project

S.N. Road Name Kind Length

(m) Width

(m)

Width of

vehicle lane (m)

Width of non-motor

vehicle lane (m)

Width of walkway

(m)

Width of

green belt (m)

Area the road is

located in

1 Xinhuadong

Road

arterial

road 3200.42 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0

2 Xihuan Road arterial

road 4139.98 50.0 24.0 8.0 8.0 10.0

3 Binghe

Boulevard

access

road 3441.85 8.0 8.0 —— —— ——

4

Guangming

Street

Extension

secondary

road 616.38 16.0 16.0 —— —— ——

5 Shiyihaoxiaoqu

Road

access

road 1339.27 20.0 12.0 —— 8.0 ——

6 Feijichang

Road

access

road 2012.73 20.0 16.0 —— 4.0 ——

Old Urban

Area

7 Shengli Street

Extension

arterial

road 3014.08 50.0 23.0 —— 6.0 21.0

8 Laosan Road secondary

road 1601.18 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0

9 North Section

of S220 Line

arterial

road 3009.92 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0

10 Laoer Road secondary

road 4413.61 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0

East Urban

Area

5

11 Laosi Road secondary

road 1905.65 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0

12 Laowu Road secondary

road 2394.12 35.0 15.0 —— 9.0 11.0

13 Laoliu Road secondary

road 1609.15 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0

14

Dongliang

Street

Extension

arterial

road 1715.13 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0

15 Laojiu Road secondary

road 1372.92 30.0 11.0 7.0 6.0 6.0

16 Laoyi Road arterial

road 3941.15 50.0 24.0 —— 8.0 18.0

17 Xincun Road arterial

road 5391.47 16.0 16.0 —— —— ——

18 Wuhan Road secondary

road 5195.22 36.0 12.0 —— 9.0 15.0

19

Xihuanbei

Road

Extension

arterial

road 2624.80 60.0 30.0 —— 10.0 20.0

20 Daobeiweiyi

Road

secondary

road 2056.61 32.0 16.0 —— 11.0 5.0

21 Daobeiweier

Road

arterial

road 2688.26 40.0 18.0 10.0 6.0 6.0

22 Daobeiweisan

Road

arterial

road 3343.23 50.0 20.0 11.0 8.0 11.0

23 Hebei Road

Extension

secondary

road 3461.08 36.0 12.0 —— 9.0 15.0

24 Guangdong

Road

arterial

road 2559.44 46.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 12.0

25 Xinhuaxi Road

Extension

arterial

road 5504.36 60.0 24.5 9.0 11.5 15.0

Development

Zone

Total 72392.01

(3) Traffic control and road safety engineering, including four categories: road traffic sign,

traffic marking, traffic signal light and traffic monitoring system.

(4) Institutional capacity building of municipal transport system

This Project is funded with World Bank loan, and the employer is Yining Construction

Bureau. The construction period is 2012~2016 at two stages, i.e. Stage I: preparation period of 1

year (2011~2012), the early preparation of the Project shall be completed, and Stage II:

6

implementation period of 4 years (2012~2016), all components shall be completed and the

Project shall be put into service by the end of 2016.

Sociology Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences is engaged to prepare “Social

Assessment (SA)” Report of this Project.

1.2 Function of Social Assessment in this Project

1.2.1 Objective of social assessment

The social assessment aims to understand the social factors influencing proposed project

activities or the ones affected by those activities, and help the project units receive wide support

and active participation of the most directly affected individuals and groups by project activities

potentially during the design and implementation of the Project (in particular, the poor people,

ethnic minority, women or other groups whose opinions are neglected most probably), for

determining and enlarging as much as possible the positive function of the Project and

preventing or alleviating negative social impact. At the same time, social assessment also lays a

foundation for monitoring and assessment of the Project afterwards.

In terms of the project objective, the Project will improve the entire transport status in

Yining City, especially the public transport status, and then the transport conditions will be

improved, so do the basic conditions for economic and social development; and both travel

efficiency and development opportunities of residents will be increased for improving quality of

life. However, since the Project involves housing demolition and resettlement of some residents,

some temporary difficulties will be made to urban transport and residents’ travel during the

implementation of the Project; furthermore, reasonable arrangement of traffic signs is also

related to the travel convenience and safety of residents. In addition, the large proportion of

ethnic minority population in Yining City (65%) decides the particularity of the impact on those

people due to the specific language, custom and employment structure etc. Therefore, social

assessment is essential before the construction of the Project.

The objective of social assessment consists of:

� To obtain opinions from transport sector and residents about increase of participation

into traffic control, and improvement of traffic network and efficiency;

� To strengthen consultancy/participation capacity of most urban and rural residents, in

particular, ethnic minority and vulnerable groups for putting their demand and opinion

into consideration of the Project fully;

7

� To provide distribution status of ethnic minority groups in the whole project area, and

demographic data, socioeconomic structure and cultural characteristics of ethnic

minority communities under the project;

� To direct and conduct free, prior and informed consultation among the ethnic minority

communities under the project in order to ensure the design of project activities to

meet their demand and adapt to local culture, thus wide support could be obtained from

ethnic minority groups;

� To identify any negative impact of the Project, in particular the ones caused by

proposed road improvement and involuntary resettlement as a result of the

construction, in order to prevent or alleviate the relevant impact and risk;

� To provide baseline data and monitoring indicators for project monitoring and

assessment.

1.2.2 Methods of social assessment

Social assessment is to help the Project determine stockholders and priority of social issues

related to the Project (such as poverty, vulnerability, justice, nationality and gender etc.), and

establish the participation framework.

The social assessment methods to be used for this Project are analysis of existing literature

and field investigation, mainly the field assessment in the project-affected area. The

investigation is conducted in the selected communities with participatory rapid appraisal (PRA)

technique combined with categorized panel discussion (Focus Group Discuss) and semi-

structural interview, and assisted with questionnaire.

Great efforts are made to have a representative and wide investigation as much as possible.

Concerning the selection of investigation site and respondents, including all kinds of objects

affected by the Project such as different groups affected by different impacts, vulnerable groups,

ethnic minority and the resettled households affected obviously by the Project are paid much

attention to. The investigation site covers most of the project area, including 14 administrative

villages (communities) in 3 townships (Kaerdun Township, Dadamutu Township, Bayandai

Town) and 2 district offices (Yilihe District Office, Ailanmubage District Office), and the

households, enterprises, shops and mosques that are affected obviously (mainly the potentially

resettled ones due to extended roads) are investigated, the dispatchers of bus company and the

managerial staff of villages and communities are interviewed, in addition to data collection

about economic and social development of Yining City and the project area from the

departments concerned. Concerning Hanbin Township in Development Zone (only land

8

requisition by the Project without housing demolition), only basic conditions of the whole

township and the problems and mitigatory measures about land requisition are investigated

rather than special investigation with specially-determined investigation sites, neither special

investigation in the communities close to the road sections in old urban area where only

transportation facilities are proposed to be improved (see Table 1-2).

The principle of investigation is to emphasize free, prior and informed consultation among

the ethnic minority communities under the project in order to ensure they understand fully their

interest and priority in development of local transport;

The language of investigation: mostly, the investigators of ethnic minority held meetings

and individual interviews in their own language.

Note: when the Social Assessment Team started social assessment investigation in the mid-

and late July, 2011, the original project design proposal that was adopted then involved 33 roads

of total length 99KM. Such a design proposal was adjusted afterwards and when the Social

Assessment Team received it again in late September, it involved 25 roads of total length

72.39KM. Therefore, the roads covered by social assessment investigation are more than those

stated in the revised design proposal.

9

Fig. 1-1 Social Assessment Work Flow

Be acquainted with the Project

Reference to data of economy, culture and population in the project area

Early

preparation

Field

investigation

Data analysis

Disscuss fully with PMO for further understanding the Project and determine

administrative scope of the project area

Make an on-the-spot survey of project route, determine townships (district offices)

to be invetigated, and adjust investigation program

Discuss with the officials at townships (district offices) about project impacts and

determine villages (communities) to be investigated and timetable

Have several workshops in the villages (communities), interview affected people

and fill in questionnaire

Interview with potentially-relocated HHs, shop and enterprise along important

sections dut to road extension

Preparing

report

Prepare investigation TOR (incl. questionaire, outline), SA workbook

Organize and train investigators

Interview with staff of Bus Company and relevant government departments

SPSS statistical software is used for questionnaire for statistical analysis

Enter interview and workshop data into computers and categorize them

Process PRA charts

Revising report Workshops with project-affected people for determining, validating and

communicate with SA Report

10

Table 1-2 Contrast between Project Area &Administrative Divisions

Administrative divisions in the

Project Area

Newly-built and rebuilt roads in

administrative divisions

Remark

Bayikule

Village

Laosan Road, Laosi Road, Laowu

Road, Shengli Street Extension,

North Section of S220 Line

Yingayati

Village

Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Laoliu

Road, North Section of S220 Line

Dongliang

Village

Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Dongliang

Street Extension

Huaguoshan

Village

Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Laojiu

Road

Haerdun

Township

Jiergelang

Village Laojiu Road, Xinhuadong Road

5 administrative

villages totally in the

whole township,

which all fall into the

Project Area to be

investigated.

Tuanjie Village Laoyi Road, Laosi Road, S220 Line

East U

rban

Area

Kebokeyuz

i Township Kebokeyuzi

Village Laoyi Road, Laowu Road

3 administrative

villages totally in the

whole township, and

of which, 2 villages

fall into the Project

Area.

Dadamutu

Township

Wulasitai

Village

Xihuanbei Road Extension,

Daobeiweiyi Road, Daobeiweier

Road, Daobeiweisan Road,

(Xincunbei Road)

5 administrative

villages totally, of

which, 1 village is

covered and

investigated by the

Project

Bayandai

Village Xincun Road, Wuhan Road

Dev

elop

men

t Zo

ne

Bayandai

Town Bayandaixin

Village

Xincun Road, Xinhuaxi Road

Extension,

7 administrative

villages totally, and

of which, 2 ones are

covered and

investigated by the

Project.

11

Hanbin Village

Dunmaili

Village

Fazhanxiang

Village

Bashikeruike

Village

Guangdong Road, Hebei Road

Extension, Xinhuaxi Road Extension,

Xihuanbei Road Extension

4 administrative

villages all fall into

the Project Area, no

land requisition and

resettlement in

Hanbin Village, and

land requisition in

other 3 villages

without housing

demolition. No

village investigation.

Hanbin

Township

Community

No.3 in Yining

Border

Economic

Cooperation

Zone (Ermao

residential

quarter)

(Extension of Shanghaibei Road)

Interview and

questionnaire. This

road was cancelled in

the subsequent plan.

Nageerqi

Community

(Bayikuoqia

Community)

(Humudanmaili

Community)

Yilihelu

District

Office

(Sayikuyouluxi

Community)

Guangming Street Extension

Having jurisdiction

over 6 communities.

The early project

design covers 4

communities that all

are investigated, of

which, 2 ones with

questionnaire. And

then the design is

adjusted and now

only Nageerqi

Community is

covered by the

Project.

Old

Urb

an A

rea

Ailanmubage District Office Shiyihaoxiaoqu Road

Having jurisdiction

over 15 communities,

and of which, 1 is

investigated (i.e.

Beiyuan

Community).

Note: The roads or communities in the parentheses are the project roads and affected

communities in Project design during social assessment investigation, but after the adjustment

of the project design, they are removed out from the project planning now.

12

Workshop, focusing on the opinions of the affected people on the preparation,

implementation and impact of the Project, discussion of existing problems and possible

solutions as well as recommendations for improvement. Total 26 workshops have been held by

different groups of identity, including lane officers (9), persons enjoying subsistence allowance

(7), religious figures (5), land-losing farmers (2), woman (1) and village cadre (1). Total 160

persons participated into the workshops, of which, female 66, ethnic minority 153 (including

Uygur 138, Hui 13, Uzbek 1 and Xibo 1). People of ethnic minorities have a major proportion.

Interview, mostly an interview with one or two persons or households, also some

interviews saw increasing participants since they were held in public places (such as roadsides).

For instance, more than 20 persons participated in or listened to an interview that was held at

one side of Guangming Road Extension (under Yilihe District Office). Those interviews aim to

understand production and living conditions of the project-affected people (PAP), the potential

impacts of the Project on their daily life and their attitude and opinion on project design and

implementation. As a complement of workshops, interviews have more flexible sample

selection and pertinence, and interview objects consist of township cadres, teachers, retired

cadres, religious figures, farmer, shopkeeper, enterprise employee, housewife, dispatch at bus

terminals and so on. During the investigation, total 128 persons are interviewed with, including

81 persons of ethnic minority (Uygur 61, Hui 19, and Xibo 1), female 29; at the same time, there

are about 30 persons participate into the conversation.

Questionnaire, has been conducted at 14 villages (community, institution), aiming mainly

at travel means of the residents, assessment of urban transport conditions, existing problems and

suggestions for improvement. The investigation is mainly implemented by the investigating

team members while 4 students are engaged from Yili Normal College (who all are Uygur) as

assistants. The questionnaire was conducted at the investigation spots basically, and the

sampling method is non-random purposive sampling method (in which elements are chosen

based on subjective experiences of the investigators with which the most representative samples

are selected from the whole samples). Among 509 valid questionnaires, there are 390 ones in

Uygur and 119 in Chinese. The Uygur respondents use the questionnaire in Uygur, and Han,

Hui and Xibo respondents use mostly the questionnaire in Chinese.

509 samples consist of:

Slightly more males: male 54.3%, female 45.7%;

Large proportion of young and mid-aged people: average age is 46, the oldest 88, and the

youngest 14. <25: 5.8%; 26~45: 45.1%; 46~60: 32.6%; and 61: 16.5%;>

Mainly Uygur people: Uygur: 76.3%, Han: 14.1%, Hui: 9%, and other ethnic groups:

0.6%;

13

All groups of different educational backgrounds are covered: people receiving college

education or more: 11.7%, high school or technical secondary school: 24%, junior high school:

29.6%, elementary school: 24.4%; illiterate and semi-illiterate: 10.3%, which are mostly the

aged.

Concerning occupation composing: farmer, self-employed individuals and owner of private

enterprise has a large proportion, in which: farmer 35.9%, self-employed individuals and owner

of private enterprise 16.3%, the unemployed 11.6%, government employee 10.2%, part-time job

(incl. office worker) 10.6%, retirees 7%, workers at enterprise 6.4%, and others 2.8%. As a

whole, there is a large proportion of vulnerable social stratum. The samples of different ethnic

groups have different occupational composing, e.g. 40% of Uygur samples are farmer, the

unemployed, government employee, self-employed individuals & owner of private enterprise,

and the part-time worker, about 10% each category; of Han samples, 41.4% are self-employed

individuals & owner of private enterprise, 14% retirees, 13% farmer, and nearly 7% for workers

and part-time workers each; of Hui sample, 38% farmer, 27% self-employed individuals &

owner of private enterprise, and 11% the unemployed. Since some indicators would be affected

more by occupational composing, e.g. household income, obvious difference may be found out

among the samples of different ethnic groups.

The samples have mostly a registered permanent residence in Yining city, i.e. 92.6% of

samples have a registered permanent residence in Yining city while 7.4% have not. The latter

usually is categorized as floating population since their place of residence is not the place of

registered permanent residence.

Table 1-3 Investigation Schedule and Activities

Date Place Content Result

July 18 Urumqi – Yining Leaving for Yining city

Morning on

July 19

PMO To have basic information of the

Project and discuss the

investigation plan

Adjusting the

investigation plan

Afternoon

Project Area To make an on-the-spot survey of

all routes

Determining

investigation spots

Morning on

July 20

Kaerdun Township

government

To hold village cadres workshop,

interview with staff of township-

level social security, and staff of

enterprise office

Investigating 10

persons (ethnic

minority 6, female 5)

Afternoon Yingayati Village 3 workshops (lane officer, people Investigating 17

14

enjoying subsistence allowance,

land-losing farmers); questionnaire

persons (ethnic

minority 16, female 7),

questionnaire 24x,

sequencing chart of

issues 1x

Morning on

July 21

Huaguoshan

Village

Yili Wutong

Technology Co.,

Ltd.

2 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance),

interview villager and legal person

of enterprise etc., questionnaire

Investigating 27

persons (ethnic

minority 20, female

11), questionnaire 25x,

sequencing chart of

rich-poor gap 1x

Afternoon Jiergelang Village

Middle School

No.14 in Yining

City

1 workshop (lane officer), interview

teacher, residents, village cadre etc.,

questionnaire

Investigating 17

persons (ethnic

minority 15, female 5),

7 persons participating

into; questionnaire

25x, villager traveling

chart 1x, sequencing

chart of traveling

difficulties 1x

July 22 Dongliang Village

Yining Vocational

Technical College

Hengqiang

Company

3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

land-losing farmers), interviewing

shopkeeper, village cadre, religious

figures and villager etc.,

questionnaire

Investigating 36

persons (ethnic

minority 30, female

11), questionnaire 48x,

residential distribution

plan 1x

July 22 and

23 (Sat. &

Sun)

Hotel Investigators summarize and

process data, and arrange next-step

items

Morning on

July 25

Bayikule Village

Yining Foreign

Language School,

Timber Mill,

Zhongyuan Color

Steel Panel Co. etc.

3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

religious figures), interviewing

manager, shopkeeper and resident

etc., questionnaire

Investigating 23

persons (ethnic

minority 20, female 7),

questionnaire 26x

15

Afternoon Bayandai Village

Bangyou

Electromechanical

Maintenance

Service Dept.,

Recycle Station of

Renewable

Resources Co. etc.

3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

religious figures), interviewing

township cadres, enterprise

manager and religious figures etc.,

questionnaire

Investigating 30

persons (ethnic

minority 29, female 2),

questionnaire 32x

Morning on

July 26

Bayandaixin

Village

3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

religious figures), interviewing

village cadres, religious figures and

residents etc.

Investigating 34

persons (ethnic

minority 32, female 2),

questionnaire 52x

Afternoon Wulasitai Village 3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

religious figures), interviewing

village cadre, shopkeeper, religious

figures, manager of vegetable

association, and residents etc.

Investigating 24

persons (ethnic

minority 16, female

11), questionnaire 32x

Humudanmaili

Community

Questionnaire Questionnaire 40x July 27

Sayikuyouluxi

Community

Questionnaire Questionnaire 37x

Hanbin Township

government

Interviewing township cadres Investigating 1 person Morning

Nageerqi

Community

3 workshops (lane officer, people

enjoying subsistence allowance,

religious figures), interview

religious figures, retired cadre, and

residents etc., questionnaire

Investigating 26

persons (ethnic

minority 25, female

13), questionnaire 51x

Afternoon Bayikuoqia

Community

A workshop with women (also

serve as the lane officer and persons

enjoying subsistence allowance),

interviewing community cadre,

residents and religious figures etc.,

Investigating 15

persons (ethnic

minority 14, female

12), questionnaire 29x

16

questionnaire

Morning on

July 28

Baiyuan

Community, Yifu

Elementary School,

Experimental

Elementary School

Interviewing residents, teacher, and

shopkeeper etc., questionnaire

Investigating 14

persons (ethnic

minority 4, female 4),

questionnaire 48x

Afternoon Ermao Residential

Quarter of Hanbin

Township

Interviewing shopkeeper and

residents etc., questionnaire

Investigating 13

persons (ethnic

minority 8, female 4),

questionnaire 40x

July 29 Dispatching room

of Bus No.5

Dispatching room

of Bus No.17

Interviewing dispatching managers

of Bus Company

Investigating 2 persons

(female 1)

Sept. 28 Kebokeyuzi

Township

Interviewing village cadres,

principal of enterprise, village

cadre and villager

Investigating more

than 10 persons

1.2.3 Investigation Team

Social analysis of the Project is completed by Sociology Institute of Xinjiang Academy of

Social Sciences with Mr. LI Ze as the chief. The Investigation Team consists of 12 persons who

are the researching staff respectively from Sociology Institute, Ethnic Institute, Religion

Institute and Library of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences, and Three Gorges University,

including 5 persons of ethnic minority and 5 females; all those investigators are experienced in

sociology and ethnics, and familiar with ethnic society of Xinjiang; and most of them have

experiences in social assessment of ADB-funded projects. 4 students (all are Uygur) of Yili

Normal College are engaged for the investigation as questionnaire personnel and interpreters.

Chief of the investigation program: LI Ze

Preparation of social assessment report: LI Xiaoxia

Team members: Tuerwenjiang, XIAO Ping, Alinuer, Abulizi, Gulixia, YANG Fuqiang,

XING Jianhong, Halida and SUN Jinfei who are of senior or medium-grade professional title

respectively.

17

During the investigation, the team receives great support and help from PMO of Yining

Construction Bureau, relevant townships, villages, district offices, communities and the

government departments concerned.

18

Fig. 1-1 Being acquainted with the Project

profile

Fig. 1-3 Making an on-the-spot survey route

(2)

Fig. 1-5 Questionnaire (1)

Fig. 1-2 Making an on-the-spot survey route

(1)

Fig. 1-4 Investigation notice of Social Assessment Team

Fig. 1-6 Questionnaire (2)

Fig. 1-7 Questionnaire (3)

19

Fig. 1-9 Workshop (1)

Fig. 1-11 Workshop (3)

Fig. 1-8 Interview

Fig. 1-10 Workshop (2)

Fig. 1-12 Workshop (4)

Fig. 1-13 PRA investigation (1)

20

Fig. 1-14 PRA investigation (2)

21

1.2.4 Major and relevant references for the report

� Statistical Yearbook of Yining City, Xinjiang, 2010

� Local Chronicles of Yining City

� WB-funded Xinjiang Yining Urban Transport Improvement Project (Xinjiang

Municipal Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd.)

� The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social

Development in Yining City

� Rural Road Construction and Passenger Transport Development Plan of Yining

City during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)

� the 12th Five-Year Plan for Yining Trade and Logistics Development

� Report on the Work of Yining City Government (Jan. 19, 2011)

Data from the departments of Yining city government such as Planning Bureau,

Economy & Trade Bureau, Labor & Social Security Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau,

Ethnic & Religious Affairs Bureau, Education Bureau and Tourism Bureau, and

relevant data about economic and social development of Kaerdun Township,

Dadamutu Township, Bayandai Town, Hanbin Township, Yilihe District Office and

Ailanmubage District Office.

1.3 Main Conclusion and Suggestions

It is concluded with the investigation and assessment of the social assessment

team that the concerns of the PAP are consistent with the issues to be addressed with

the Project with respect to urban transport conditions. Some the roads under the

Project have been listed in the plan of urban transport reconstruction due to their

undesired conditions, and PAP have been looking forward to having them

reconstructed. Most PAP affirms the positive impact of the Project and expresses their

support to it. Nearly half of them have been informed of the Project in different

channels, and village cadres, grassroots workers and religious figures in the Project

Area express their desire of promoting the Project among the residents and

cooperating in settlement of any potential problem during the implementation of the

Project in order to make it a successful one.

The negative impact of the Project consists mainly of the impact of land

requisition and housing demolition on production and living of the relocated residents,

including involuntary change to production mode and lifestyle, in addition to the

temporary inconveniency brought by the Project to transport in the Project area during

its implementation. In the long run, with the extension of some roads, the

concentration of residential area will change urban landscape where there were many

22

lanes and courtyard. Proper measures could be taken for the purpose of mitigating or

even preventing some negative impacts.

Main measures of mitigating negative impacts:

The rights of PAP to be informed, participate and supervise

� To ensure the PAP to be informed fully of the Project and its impacts

To facilitate the PAP being informed of the Project through such presses as TV,

newspaper and broadcasting, and encourage their practice of cooperating.

To publicize the Project before road construction, and make the institution and

individuals, in particular, school, hospital and religious location to which will be

affected directly by the Project, be informed of accurate information and prepare for

that correspondingly as soon as possible.

The adjustment of bus routes during the construction shall be advanced and the

details shall be publicized so that the negative impact on resident travel by bus could

be reduced.

� To encourage active participation of PAP into the Project

To collect opinions of the public completely regarding road design, traffic

control and road safety engineering;

The PAP will participate into the project construction in the form of labor service

or with machinery, and the government and various organizations shall coordinate

that and the construction party shall respond to that actively.

� To ensure effective right of supervision of PAP

The PAP have right to supervise the fairness and justice of property assessment,

construction of housing for resettlement, and fulfillment of employment policy during

the land requisition and housing demolition. In case that the people affected by land

requisition and housing demolition (the relocated) complain about the the plan of land

requisition and housing demolition, compensation standard and so on, some channels

of complaint and grievance shall be available. To make the relocate understand fully

their due rights of complaint and grievance and the channels of complaint and

grievance.

To set up hot line for public participation; the information of road construction

shall be publicized through the press and various bulletin boards on construction site.

The suggestions and supervision opinions from the public shall be fed back and

treated in time.

Concerning land requisition, housing demolition and resettlement

� Compensation for housing demolition shall be made between PMO and the

relocated through negotiation in a way of housing demolition in public and justly.

To have a uniform compensation standard and have it publicized and

disseminated in advance for an open and transparent compensation standard.

23

To negotiate with PAP fully when measuring and calculating compensation for

housing demolition;

The compensation fund shall be sent directly to the relocated so as not to be

withheld halfway.

� To uphold the principle of settlement first before housing demolition to ensure

successful resettlement of the relocated.

The housing for resettlement shall be built in advance, or shall be completed

during the transition period for housing demolition so that the relocated could move

into the housing for resettlement as soon as possible.

If the housing for resettlement fails to be completed during the housing

demolition, the relocated shall be informed expressly of such information as the

location of the housing for resettlement, the date of handing over the completed

housing etc. so that the residents may wait with confidence.

If the completion of the housing for resettlement has to be postponed, the

deficiency of rental charge for transitional housing shall be made up to the relocated;

the rental charge for transitional housing shall be incresead with the increase of

tenancy market price so that the relocated is capable of renting housing.

� To respect the option of the relocated for compensation and resettlement, and

provide convenience to the PAP who prefer to re-choose a residential quarter.

The relocated may select cash compensation or housing compensation

independently. Regarding the households who feel an objection to choose apartments

as their housing for resettlement, they shall be allowed to resettle at some other place

after receiving cash compensation.

At housing demolition, the wish of the PAP shall be respected under the

condition that the Project planning is satisfied; to negotiate and decide the courtyard

and housing shall be demolished totally or partially, and compensation shall be made

correspondingly on the basis of specific housing demolition.

To respect the option of the relocated about their resettlement site, and provide

convenience to them when they select new neighborhood and continue the same

social relations as those before the resettlement.

� To compensate reasonably the relocated enterprises and shopkeepers, and in the

event of reconstruction in a different place, any necessary help and certain

support shall be available.

Reasonable compensate for the relocated shopkeepers and enterprises shall be

available.

The operators of using or renting some shops shall be of priority in selection of

newly-built marketplace or shops, in addition to certain support or privilege for

procurement or renting of shops.

24

For the enterprises affected by housing demolition, if reconstruction in a

different place is necessary, certain support from the government shall be available in

site selection.

� The basic living standard of poor families shall be guaranteed during the

housing demolition and resettlement.

The poor families shall be resettled with the minimum area standard at least on

the resettlement sites, and the price difference between their former housing and the

housing for resettlement shall be paid by the construction unit.

� To enlarge employment channels and ensure income level and living standard of

the land-losing farmers and relocated farmers

Various measures shall be taken to encourage employment of land-losing

farmers, including building various marketplaces, breeding bases and protected

agriculture, strengthening training on employment and providing employment

information etc.; to fulfill various preferential policies for the land-losing farmers

such as petty loan for the purpose of encouraging them to establish a business

independently.

To adopt the means like low-interest loan and installment payment for low-

income families financing and purchasing a shop;

To support and encourage the youth to work in various enterprises, providing

them with various training sessions on professional skill and languages, and with

employment information for them meeting requirements of the enterprises.

� To complete social security measures so that the land-losing farmers could be

supported when they are aged.

To publicize with great efforts the social security measures for the land-losing

farmers and enlarge the scope of social security for covering all people who are

eligible for the social security.

To ensure the social security fund for the land-losing farmers to be available

fully; the old-age pension shall be available for the eligible people in full on schedule,

which guarantees not only the life and interest of the aged, but acts as demonstration

to the youth for periodical payment of old-age pension.

Implementation of the Project

� To prepare fully before the implementation of the Project:

To lay the pipes for water supply, drainage and heating well as much as possible

and prevent repeat excavation for such works.

To inform PAP of the construction in advance and make them ready for before

the construction.

25

� To expedite construction and reduce any negative impact on the travel of

residents under the condition of guaranteeing work quality during the

construction.

� To attach importance to environmental protection and avoid any damage to green

belt on roadsides during the construction.

There is one wetland next to Dongliang Street Extension in the area under

jurisdiction of Dongliang Village in Kaerdun Township. Any pileup of spoils,

building materials like sand and stone or domestic garbage shall be prevented there.

� Local labor force shall be employed as much as possible during the construction,

including labor force for production, service and safeguards.

Suggestions for the Project plan

� To justify if the extension shall be built on the left or right of the road axis during

the planning and design with prudence, and to minimum the quantity of housing

demolition. The resettlement cost could be decreased with the reduced impact on

the residents.

� The road planning width shall meet the actual demand, in particular in the

area where many residents inhabit with flourish trees along the roadsides;

the original landscape of the streets shall be maintained as much as possible.

� To improve safety of roads

Vehicles and pedestrians shall be separated with rebuilt or extended roads, and

pedestrian walks shall be built.

To establish traffic facilities reasonably with well-marked traffic signs; to

establish retarding devices in the sensitive sections such as the sections in front of

schools.

To strengthen safety education and management of pedestrians for good travel

and riding habit;

To establish street lamps in the sections passing through the residential quarters

and ensure their lighting function;

� To solve any problem with respect to road drainage and sanitation environment;

sufficient dustbins shall be set up in the sections where residents travel most; to

ensure road sanitation environment with regular clearing.

� All traffic control facilities shall be provided and completed after the completion

of roads, and road control and surveillance shall be strengthened.

� To enlarge coverage of bus service, strengthen construction of bus stations;

improve service quality and working environment of Bus Company.

Suggestions for ethnic minority

� To minimum quantity of housing demolition; to respect option of ethnic minority

residents affected by land requisition and housing demolition in resettlement

26

means if housing demolition is inevitable as much as possible, and preserve and

protect cultural characteristics of streets and neighborhoods in Yining City.

� The constructors shall respect habits and customs of local ethnic minorities.

� Attention shall be paid to safety facilities for the roads next to the residential

quarters and mosques during the construction period.

� To use simple and definite symbol or words as much as possible for the caution

of roads and road maintenance; the project proclamation and notice shall be in

both Uygur and Chinese.

� Various methods shall be adopted for promoting employment of ethnic minority

land-losing farmers.

27

2. Social Assessment Analysis

2.1 Profile of Economic and Social Development in the Project Area

2.1.1 Profile of Yining City

Located in western border area of China, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was

a communications center on north branch of Silk Road, a door of China opening to the

West and a land route linking to Europe historically. Yining City is the capital city of

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture and the political, economic, cultural and transport

center of Yili Valley. Yining City is located in the middle of Yili Valley and at north

bank of Yili River., 696Km away from Urumqi, the capital city of Autonomous

Region, 88Km from Horgos Land Prot. Being neighboring Yining County in the east,

Chabuchaer Xibo Autonomous Region in the south, and next to Huocheng County in

the northwest. Average altitude is 1083 m, the average altitude is 620 m in urban area;

the topography is high in north and low in south, and there is Keguqin Mountain in

the north and Yili River alluvial plain in the south. The urban area sees a relatively

even or flat landform.

Yining city is in the North Temperate Zone with continental climate, where those

four seasons are well-defined; it has been named as an island in vast ocean with

hospitable climate and sufficient water sources. The annual average air temperature is

10.14 , average precipitation 245.1m[U1], which is two times of average

precipitation in the whole Xinjiang. Heat source is sufficient with annual average

frost-free period of 159 days and absolute frost-free period of 140 days. The depth of

frozen earth is not great in winter and the annual average days of snow lying is 98,

147 at most. The prevailing wind direction is northeaster, and gale is possible at all

seasons, in particular in spring and autumn.

The major rivers and water systems in Yining City consist of Yili River,

Beishangou Water System, fountain and urban canal system. Yili River of total length

1439KM is the largest international continental river in Xinjiang, and its reach within

China is 458KM; the length of Yili River under the jurisdiction of Yining city is

35KM. The influx of more than ten fountains in Yining City is named as

Quanshuigou (Spring Rivulet).

As a place of strategic importance on the north section of ancient Silk Road

historically, Yining City is located at a communication center connecting the East

and the West, where the climate hospitable and resources abundant, enjoying a good

reputation of “a land flowing with milk and honey to north of the Great Wall”.

28

Yining City was founded by assigning District I (i.e. Hanbin Township nowadays),

District II (i.e. to north of Jiefang Road nowadays), District III (i.e. Kaerdun

Township nowadays), District IV (i.e. Ayidun nowadays) and District V (i.e.

Kazanqi nowadays) from Yining County and then incorporating them and founded

Yining City in 1952. In 1992, Yining City was determined as an open city along the

border by the State Council, and Border Economic Cooperation Zone of Yining City

was founded in the same year. Thus Yining City becomes the largest open city along

the border in western China, which is next to three Category-I national ports, i.e.

Horgos, Dutala and Muerzhate. The city serves as a bridgehead of New Euro-Asian

Railway, which is an important international channel leading to Central Asia and

Europe, and an important distributing center of material and commodity in China. In

2006, the construction of Sino-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation

Center was commenced officially; as a demonstration plot of Sino-Kazakhstan

economic and trade cooperation for ultimate objective of trade liberalization, this

Center is a free trade port linking Central Asia to inland of China. In 2010, the

meeting held by the Central Government on Xinjiang issues pointed out to establish

an economic development zone in Kashi and Horgos respectively, providing them

with special policy and flexible measures and building them as a window of China

opening to the West and a new economic growth point of Xinjiang, which

highlighted Yining City’s geographic advantages more. Yining is planning to be

built as a base for assembling and processing exported products, a distributing center

for imported and exported products, a corridor for logistics and an international

business and trade center.

The total area of Yining City is 675.5 KM2, and the central urban area, where

Party and government organizations of Yining City are located, is in southeast of the

City and to north bank of Yili River. There are 8 district offices, 1 town and 8

townships under the jurisdiction of the City, i.e. Sayibuyi District Office, Dunmaili

District Office, Yilihelu District Office , Kazanqi District Office, Dulaitibage District

Office, Qiongkuleke District Office, Ailanmubage District Office, Jiefanglu District

Office, Bayandai Town, Yingyeer Township, Hanbin Township, Tashikuleke

Township, Haerdun Township, Tuogelake Township, Kebokeyuzi Township, Panjin

Township and Dadamutu Township; in addition, there are 49 villagers' committees.

The permanent establishments of the Central and regional government located in the

City are Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang Mining & Metallurgy

Bureau, Tianxi Forestry Bureau and so on. The planning urban area is 57.7 KM2, and

existing built-up area about 45 KM2. With the development of society and economy in

Yining City, the built-up area has been increasing over recent years. Parts of Hanbin

Township, Tashikuleke Township, Kaerdun Township and Bayandai Town have been

29

surrounded or occupied for urban-purpose use of land. Planning for Cities and Towns

System in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2000-2020) points out that Yining

will be developed as a core city in west city belt of northern Xinjiang. The existing

population in the central urban area consists of urban population, the population of

villages and town brought into the planning scope, and registered immigrating

population, 459 thousand totally. The short-term objective (2008~2015): urbanization

level 84.6%, urban population 550 thousand; medium-term objective (2016~2020):

urbanization level 86.7%, urban population 650 thousand; long-term objective

(2021~2030): urbanization level 94.7%, urban population 900 thousand; the land used

for the planned central urban area is 125.82 KM2 , and per capita use of land in

construction 139.8 m2.

By the end of 2010, total population of Yining City is 471.5 thousand, including

nonagricultural population 67.8%; Yining is a multi-ethnic city where 37 ethnic

groups such as Uygur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Mongolia, Xibo, Uzbek, Russia and so on

live, of which, Uygur 233 thousand, Han 164.6 thousand, Kazak 21.4 thousand, Hui

35.1 thousand, and others 17.4 thousand. The ethnic minorities account for more than

65% of total population, including Uygur 49.4%. The population of ethnic minority

live in the townships, towns and farms (mainly the suburb and village) as well as

district offices (in urban area), mainly in the suburb and villages; the proportion of

ethnic minority is 58.6% among the population living in the area under the

jurisdiction of district offices and 71.4% in townships, towns and farms.

The cultural landscapes in Yining City are mainly the scenic spots such as the

Memorial of LIN Zexu, a Chinese hero, Baitula Mosque, Yining Hui Mosque, Three-

Region Revolutionary Martyr Cemetery, and Eight-angle Pavilion at orchard of

Hanbin Township.

Table 2-1 Population of Main Ethnic Groups in Yining City in 2009

Total Han Uygur Hui Kazak Others

District

offices

276297 41.4 43.2 6.8 4.1 4.5

Township,

town and

farm

182875 25.0 58.7 8.5 5.2 2.5

Total 459172 34.9 49.4 7.5 4.5 3.7

Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010

30

Fig. 2-1 Population Composing of Ethnic Groups in Yining City

�����Kazak� ���Hui� �����Uygur����Han������others

At present, Yining City becomes an open city along the border, taking frontier

trade as the leading industry and integrating commerce with tourism, and a light

industrial city mainly developing downstream processing of agricultural and animal

products. The main industries of Yining City are wool spinning, leather, printing and

dyeing, food processing, wine making, paper making, fibre flax, electricity, building

material and small-sized handicraft industry etc. Yining City sees a rapid economic

growth over recent years. According to the Report on the Work of Yining City

Government (2011.1.19), the estimated total output value will be RMB 9.4 billion

yuan, a year-on-year of 15%, in 2010. The ratio of the primary, secondary and tertiary

industries is 6.5: 27.8: 65.7, and the tertiary industry plays the leading role, which

consists mainly of commerce and trade. The general fiscal budgetary revenue is RMB

946 million yuan, a year-on-year of 41.2% increase; the local investment in fixed

assets is RMB 5.66 billion yuan, a year-on-year of 35.7% increase; per capita

disposable income of urban residents RMB 12,520 yuan, a year-on-year of 1,915 yuan

increase; and per capita net income of farmers and herdsman is RMB 7,657 yuan, a

year-on-year of RMB 1,367 yuan increase.

Commerce and trade has been playing a leading role in economic development

of Yining City. Several large-scaled logistics markets and comprehensive modern

marketplaces such as Yazhong International Commerce & Trade City, Sunshine

Times Plaza and New Century Building Materials Market etc. have been built up,

which promote the development of domestic trade, foreign trade and logistics greatly.

At the same time, the tertiary industries like traffic and transport, posts and

telecommunications, finance and insurance, medium service, catering and community

service etc. develop quickly and steadily with the development of commerce and

tourism. In 2010, the output value of traffic and transport, storage and postal service is

RMB 674 million yuan, thus traffic and transport, storage and postal service become

或劳

托劳

族劳

3托劳

或族劳

31

the most important industry in the whole city; foreign trade see great increase, and the

exported goods are mainly box, bag, shoes, cooking oil, textile, garment and

household appliances etc. In 2010, the railway station area with Yining International

Commerce, Trade & Logistics Park as the core was built, and 17 marketplaces such as

Chengdong Market Complex and “Hanrenjie” Market were newly built or rebuilt with

total area of 130 thousand m2. According to elementary statistics, there are 9059

points of the trade network in the whole city, and the number of the employed people

is nearly 20 thousand; the number of quota-required points is 53 with 6,500 persons

employed, and the number of non-quota-required points is 9006 with 13,300 persons

employed.

As a communication hub in western Xinjiang, Yining is listed as one of the

national highway hubs by the state, and a 3D traffic network consisting mainly of

railway, air and highway shapes now. With the completion of key projects such as

Jing-Yi-Huo Railway, Sino-Kazakhstan International border Cooperation Center,

Kui-Sai Expressway, Qingshuihe-Yining Expressway of National Highway No.218,

and extension of Yining Airport in succession, Yining City has become a

communication hub of China connecting directly Central Asia and Europe. In 2010,

the invested municipal construction fund is RMB 1.7 billion yuan for newly-built or

rebuilt 28 arterial roads of total length 44KM with supporting facilities, and lanes of

30KM, in addition to relocation of 536 households affected by housing demolition.

According to the 12th

Five-Year Plan of Yining City: to build “one belt, three axes

and nine groups” by centering the master plan of the city, i.e. to beautify the

landscape belt at banks of Yili River, activate three axes passing through the urban

area (National Highway No.218, Lane I of Gongyuan Street – Shandong Road, and

Nanhuan Road), enlarge nine groups (Dongzhongyuan New Zone, Hanren Street,

North of Nanhuan Road, South of Jiangsu Road, East of Line S313, Railway Station,

Chengxi Market, Shandong Road, and Headquarter Economic Zone), strengthen

investment for urban construction, and build Yining City into a modern city

combining ethnic style, traditional culture with modern features in 3~5 years.

Therefore, RMB 10.9 billion yuan is invested to facilitate urban road traffic with

improvement of urban transport central function as the focus. To strengthen

construction of railway and aviation transportation facilities, and upgrade Yining

Airport from an airport for feeder lines to an international airport at the port with

domestic and international non-stop flight service.

With increasing transport capacity of Yining year after year, the possession of

commercial autos increases greatly, too. Total number has increased from 6801 in

2004 to 9859 in 2008. Freight cars develop quickly over the past years, and the

number of various freight cars reaches about 10 thousand, and the employed 15,000

32

persons. Of which, the privately-operated cars exceed 8000, and annual freight

volume reaches 17.4 million tons, which generates a pattern that privately-operated

cars play a leading role while the collectively- and state-operated cares compete and

develop. The freight business covers mainly transhipment traffic of capital goods,

industrial products and lot cargo between Yining City and various counties or cities,

and the distribution of those goods within Yining urban area and commercial network

at town level; a small portion of the business involves transshipment goods from

Urumqi and Kuitun, which satisfies basically the logistics demand in local area.

Table 2-2 Statistics about Possession of Cars in Yining City by Year

Year Passenger car

(vehicle)

Freight car

(vehicle)

Farm truck

(vehicle) Tractor (vehicle)

2004 980 5821 1192 1729

2005 1066 6314 1290 1768

2006 1197 7258 1358 1852

2007 1231 7972 1439 1948

2008 1340 8519 1525 1969

2009 1615 8899 1723 2031

Data source: Rural Road Construction and Passenger Transport Development Plan of

Yining City during the 12th Five-Year Plan

Certain foundation has been laid for municipal infrastructural construction of

Yining City such as water supply, drainage, road, posts and telecommunications,

landscaping and public traffic etc., and public utilities like market, hotel, culture,

education and hospital are complete relatively; the city sees prosperous market

economy with increasing number of various commercial or housing buildings year

after year. The urban construction is related closely to the development of tourism. In

2010, the number of tourists is 2.65 million person-times and the income RMB 400

million yuan in the whole city. During the 12th

Five-Year Plan, the key of inner city

for tourism is the construction of Kazanqi Folklore Tourism Area and Liuxingjie

Historic Cultural Neighborhood with improved infrastructure. Natural scenic area of

urban style will be built outside of the central urban area, i.e. mainly Alamutuya Folk

Custom Park, Landscaping belts along Yili River, and Ethnic Cultural Village of Yili

River.

There are 8 colleges and universities, 81 elementary schools and middle schools

(55 elementary school and 26 middle schools respectively) in Yining City in 2010; the

number of students in elementary schools and middle schools is 77.9 thousand, and

33

the number of teacher there 5,512; the enrollment rate of the children of the right age

for elementary school is 99.98%, and the proportion of students entering general high

school from junior high school 70.2%. There are 36 hospitals and health centers (excl.

the ones owned by Yili Prefecture or Agricultural Division No.4) in local area, 980

beds and 2,424 health personnel (incl. 988 practicing physicians and 787 registered

nurses). All social security systems have been improved constantly and the rate of

farmers participating into New-style Rural Cooperative Medical Care reaches 96.1%,

and the special fund for New-style Rural Cooperative Medical Care compensates

farmers and herdsman RMB 14.9682 million yuan for outpatient service and

hospitalization in the whole year. The Basic Medical Care of Urban Residents is

started fully with 114.1 thousand participants. The registered unemployed rate of

urban population is controlled to be fewer than 3.8%. There are 18,466 households

(52,174 persons) of urban residents, 5,056 households (13,689 persons) of rural

residents enjoy the minimum subsistence allowance, and the subsistence allowance of

RMB 122.36 million yuan has been granted in the whole year.

The implementation of the Project is to further improve urban infrastructure and

comprehensively-controlled environment of Yining City, upgrading further Yining’s

advantages as a goods distributing center and transfer station in Xinjiang, driving

rapid development of regional economy, and promoting socioeconomic development

of Yining City by providing employment opportunities and increasing income of

residents.

Table 2-3 Socioeconomic Development Status of Yining City

Yining City

Indicator 2009 2010

Directly-

governed

by Yili

Prefectur

e (2009)

Xinjiang

(2010)

Total population at end of year (104

persons) 45.9 47.2 276.3 2158.63

Uygur 49.69 49.40 24.6 46.14

Han 34.88 34.87 38.4 39.25

Hui 7.52 7.52 10.5 4.47

Kazak 4.53 4.53 20.7 7.09

Eth

nic

co

mp

osi

ng

(%)

Others 3.38 3.69 5.9 3.05

GDP (100 million yuan) 79.02 95.03 333.7 4273.57

Primary industry 4.9 4.8 24.2 17.8 %

Secondary industry 28.8 28.7 34.4 45.7

34

Tertiary industry 66.3 66.5 41.4 36.5

Per capit GDP (yuan) 17422 20518 12951 19926

General fiscal budgetary revenue (100 million

yuan) 6.7 9.52 23.9 388.78

General fiscal budgetary expenditure (100

million yuan) 14.89 20.06 97.6 1346.91

Per capita disposable income of urban

residents (yuan) 10605 12520 11003 12258

Per capita net income of farmers and

herdsman (yuan)* 6290 7657 5341 4005

Average monetary wage of on-the-job

employees (yuan) 25616 28866 22727 24687

Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City, Statistical Bulletin of National

Economy and Social Development of Yining City in 2010

2.1.2 Economic and Social Development and Population in Project Area

The areas involved in the Project are mainly the Old Urban Area, East Urban

Area and Development Zone in Yining City. The Old Urban Area is located in the

mid-south of Yining, i.e. the former main urban area under the jurisdiction of 8

district offices; East Urban Area is in east of the City, mainly the area under the

jurisdiction of Kaerdun Township, which is planned to be developed into the cultural

and educational base of Yining City; Development Zone is in the west of the City, i.e.

current industrial park, which is mainly the area under the jurisdiction of Hanbin

Township and part of its is under the jurisdiction of Dadamutu Township and

Bayandai Town, where industrial enterprises will be emphasized. The impact of the

Project on each area covers mainly the followings: the traffic facilities for existing

roads will be improved in Old Urban Area, but two extended sections might result in

housing demolition in Yilihe District Office and Ailanmubage District Office; in East

Urban Area, existing roads will be extended and rebuilt with a large quantity of

housing demolition and land requisition, mainly involves 5 villages in Kaerdun

Township and 2 villages in Kebokeyuzi Village; in Development Zone, some roads

will be rebuilt and extended, and some newly-built with housing demolition and land

requisition in both Dadamutu Township and Bayandai Town, and land requisition

basically in Hanbin Township. A large part of the land necessary for the Project has

been requisitioned and purchased as the land reserved for urban construction.

Therefore, the economic and social development as well as population conditions in

the Project area are limited mainly to 5 townships (Kaerdun, Hanbin, Dadamutu,

Bayandai and Kebokeyuzi Township) and 2 district offices (Yilihe District Office and

35

Ailanmubage District Office), where the major investigation area for social

assessment is located.

Economic and Social Development in Project Area

Kaerdun Township, in east suburb of Yining city, total area is 32 KM2; it is an

urban-rural transition zone linking Yining to five counties in the east; National

Highway No. 218 and Provincial Highway No. 220 pass through the whole township.

This township develops simultaneously agriculture, industry and trade with

agriculture as the leading one. Convenient traffic is available there with National

Highway No. 218, buses No. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12 and 15 as well as the dedicated loop

passing through the township. There are 5 administrative villages and 28 villager

groups in the area. There are 2,930 households and 13.2 thousand people (incl.

agricultural population 11.3 thousand) in the whole township in 2010, consisting of 13

ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak etc., of which, the population of

ethnic minority accounts for 92.52%. Total area of cultivated land is 17.5 thousand

mu, and per capita cultivated land area 1.5mu. In 2010, total economic income of the

whole township is RMB 257 million yuan, per capita net income of farmers RMB

8,315 yuan. The crops are mainly wheat, corn, sugar beet, vegetable, rape and melon

as well as fruit trees. The number of green houses is 3,092 and the floor space 4,552

mu (incl. flower planted area in green house 145mu); 950 plastic arch-sheds of floor

space 475 mu, where such vegetables as capsicum, tomato, color pepper and gourd

are mainly planted, and a protected agriculture base with vegetable planting as the

main industry forms gradually in Kaerdun Township; green houses are mainly located

in three areas, i.e. Dongliang Area and Huaguoshan Area of Kukelanmu Protected

Agriculture Base, and Jiligelang Protected Agriculture Base. The amount of livestock

inventories in the whole township is 11,233, including cattle 4,650. There are 44

enterprises in the township, including 11 large-scaled enterprises, and 400 individual

enterprises (including 12 enterprise of processing agricultural products). The total

income of the enterprises is RMB 800 million yuan and total output value RMB 420

million yuan; 2,520 persons are employed by those enterprises. The township

provides the farmers with training sessions and labor service export for increasing

their income. In 2010, surplus rural labor forces of 6440 person-times are shifted out

of the township for employment and there are floating population of 1,416 persons

and 531 households immigrating into the township. There are 676 poor HHs, 2,441

poor persons at income level fewer than RMB 1,490 yuan in the township; 521 HHs

and 1,205 persons are granted with minimum substance allowance. There are 5

elementary schools, 5 bilingual kindergartens and 19 places for religious activities.

Bayandai Town, in west suburb of Yining City; it is the door to Yining City and

a regional demonstrative town and a demonstrative area of township and village

36

enterprises development. Total area under the jurisdiction of the town is 262.46 KM2,

including cultivated land area 34.8 thousand mu, and per capita cultivated land area

1.74mu. Total population is 32 thousand consisting of 13 ethnic groups such as

Uygur, Han, Kazak and Hui etc., of which, ethnic minority is 71% of total population,

and Uygur 44.64%. There are 7 administrative villages, 1 district office, 6 elementary

schools, 1 hospital and 27 stationed units under its jurisdiction. In 2010, total

economic income of the town is RMB 395 million yuan, of which, primary industry,

Secondary industry and tertiary industry are 31.7%, 23.5% and 44.8%; per capita net

income of farmers is RMB 6556 yuan. There are 4 specialized agricultural

cooperative associations in the town, 2 are of breeding and 2 crop farming; 1,613

green houses; total amount of livestock inventories is 46,393, including 1,980 milk

cows; the area of economic forest is 2,535mu. 7,500 persons of surplus rural labor

force are shifted out with income RMB 36.29 million yuan. 996 HHs and 2,337

persons are granted with minimum substance allowance in the whole town; there are

2,430 poor families, 9720 persons; the amount of immigranted floating population

without local household register is 421 HHs and 1,145 persons.

Hanbin Township, in west suburb of Yining City, total area 29 thousand mu; it

is the new area where the municipal Party committee and government are located, and

the location of Economic Cooperation Zone; Yining Airport and Yining Railway

Station are both in the area under the jurisdiction of this township. There totally are

2,918 HHs and 12.9 thousand persons consisting mainly of 13 ethnic groups such as

Uygur, Han, Dongxiang, Hui and Kazak etc.; Han people has a larger proportion of

the population, i.e. 67% (2009). There are 4 administrative villages and 29 villager

groups under the jurisdiction; the area of cultivated land is 11 thousand mu. In 2010,

total economic income of the township is RMB 298 million yuan, and per capita

income of farmers is RMB 7,747 yuan. With the construction of Development Zone

over recent years, more farmers in Hanbin Township have their land requisitioned;

per capita cultivated land is mu, and many people transfer into secondary industry or

tertiary industry. At present (June 2011), there are more than 1,500 small businesses

in the whole township, and they are of four types: small-scaled workshop, small-

scaled shop, small-scaled transport service and small-scaled lease of houses. There are

more than 3,000 mu of the township in Yining County, Chabuchaer County and

Gongliu County. There are 72 rural-tourism HHs, 15 tourist-visiting HHs and 8

handicraft shops (sand drawing, sawdust drawing or ethnic-style embroidery) in the

township. Tourists of 20 thousand person-times visit the city in the first half of the

year, and the tourism provides more than 300 employment opportunities to the

farmers affected by land requisition.

37

Dadamutu Township, in the north of Yining City, and the area is 57.5 KM2,

including cultivated land of 48 thousand mu. There are 5 administrative villages and

51 villager groups in the area under its jurisdiction. There are more than 7,000 HHs

and more than 32.1 thousand people, including agricultural population 73% and labor

force 5900 persons. The population consists mainly of 14 ethnic groups such as

Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak; ethnic minority population is 81.4% of total population

and Uygur 67%. In 2010, total rural economic income of the township is RMB 388

million yuan, of which, the income of primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary

industry and labor service export is 34%, 26.9%, 28.9% and 10.2% respectively. The

per capita net income of farmers and herdsman is RMB 8,058 yuan in 2010. There are

3,517 HHs and 7,298 persons of floating population; 1,100 HHs and 2,707 persons

enjoying minimum substance allowance. There are 4 schools, 1 health center and 13

mosques in the township.

Kebokeyuzi Township, in east suburb of Yining City, 8 Km from the urban area

and borders on Kaerdun Township westwards. There are about 1,700 HHs and more

than 6,000 in the whole township, consisting of 8 ethnic groups, i.e. Uygur, Han,

Kazak, Hui, Uzbek, Tatar, Xibo and Kirghiz. There are 3 administrative villages

(Kebokeyuzi Village, Tuanjie Village and Aremaili village), 18 villager groups, 3

schools (including 1 middle school and 2 elementary schools) and 1 health center in

the area under its jurisdiction. Total area of the land is 24,000 mu, of which, the area

of cultivated land is 17 thousand mu, in addition to grassland of 9,000 mu. The plants

are mainly grain, vegetable, peanut, sugar beet, melon and fruit. There are more than

10 township and village enterprises including fertilizer plant, coal mine, flour mill,

disposable chopsticks plant, commercial foundry, timber mill, woodworking plant,

plastics plant, acetylene gas plant and oxygen plant.

Yilihe District Office, in the rural-urban overlapping area in southwest of Yining

City; it covers Yilihe Road, Xinhuaxi Road and Huanchengxi Road; and the area

under its jurisdiction is 5.6 KM2; there are 6 communities, 60 administrative unit,

institution or enterprises, 4 religious places (3 mosques and 1 temple) in the area

under it jurisdiction. There are 8,108 permanent HHs and 19.8 thousand persons, of

which, ethnic minority 77% and Uygur 61%. In 2010, 1,368 HHs and 4,276 persons

enjoy minimum substance allowance and monthly average subsistence allowances of

RMB 820 thousand yuan are granted. The amount of registered floating population is

930 HHs and 1,981 persons.

Ailanmubage District Office, in northeast corner of Yining City, and the area

under its jurisdiction is 12 KM2 with 15 communities, 76 units and 7 religious places.

The total population is 20 thousand HHs and 55.72 thousand persons, of which,

permanent population 16 thousand HHs and 46 thousand persons. The population

38

consists of 30 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak, of which ethnic

minority population is 45.9% of total population, and Uygur 27.9%. 5,192 residents

enjoy minimum substance allowance. The registered floating population is 3,822 HHs

and 9,546 persons.

Table 2-4 Main Economic & Social Indicators of Townships (District Office) in the

Project Area in 2010

Indicator Kaerdun

Township

Bayanda

i Town

Hanbin

Townshi

p

Dadamu

tu

Townshi

p

Yilihe

District

Office

Ailanmubage

District

Office

Total area (KM2) 21.9 262.46 19.3 57.5 5.6 12

Cultivated land (104

mu) 1.75 3.48 1.1 4.8

Households (HH) 2930 8213 2918 7000 8108 20038

Population (104

persons) 1.32 3.2 1.29 3.21 1.98 5.57

Proportion of agricultural

population (%)

85.6 70.0* 21.7* 73.2 15.1* 36.2*

Proportion of ethnic

minority population (%)

92.5 71 33.0* 81.4 77.0 45.9

Total economic income

(100 million yuan)

2.57 3.95 2.98 3.88

Amount of livestock

inventories (capita)

11233 45393 11451* 25471*

Per capita net income of

farmers and herdsman

(yuan/year)

8315 6556 7747 8058

Population enjoying

minimum substance

allowance (person)

1205 2337 2707 4276 5192

floating population

(person)

1416 1145 7298 1981 9546

Data source: data are collected based on report, summary and report from various

townships in 2010 and 2011; some data vary with different sources, and one of them

is used. Data marked with * are the ones of 2009 from Statistical Yearbook of Yining

City in 2010.

The basic conditions of villages and communities in the Project area are as

follows:

39

5 administrative villages in Kaerdun Township are Yingayati Village,

Huaguoshan Village, Dongliang Village, Bayikule Village and Jiergelang Villages,

and all of them are within the Project area.

Yingayati Village is of floor space 5,486 mu, including cultivated land are 2,466

mu. There are 4 villager groups, 17 lanes, 454 HHs and 3016 persons, of which,

ethnic minority population exceeds 90%, 88 households and 189 persons enjoying

subsistence allowance, 5 households and 17 persons enjoying the five guarantees, 79

households and 255 persons are of floating population; in 2010, per capita income of

farmers is RMB 6,071 yuan. There are 1 school, 1 health center, 1 bilingual

kindergarten and 2 mosques.

Huaguoshan Village is of floor space 12.7 thousand mu with 6 villager groups,

627 HHs and 2,867 persons, of which ethnic minority population 92.3%. The village

is of cultivated land 4,325 mu where corn and wheat are planted. There is a cattle

breeding base of 600 mu, and 12 village enterprises. In 2010, the total economic

income of the whole village is RMB 34.77 million yuan, and per capita net income of

the farmers RMB 5,610 yuan. 106 households and 283 persons enjoy subsistence

allowance, 69 households and 223 persons of floating population, and the amount of

the people leaving hometown for employment is 570 persons. There is 1 bilingual

kindergarten, 1 health center and 3 mosques.

Dongliang Village, there are 6 villager groups, 577 HHs and 2,434 persons

consisting of 6 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak; the population of

ethnic minority accounts for 93%. In 2010, the collective income of the village is

RMB 420 thousand yuan and per capita net income of the farmers 5,179 yuan. There

are 17 village-operated enterprises in the village and the annual rent is RMB 300

thousand. There is 1 elementary school, 2 kindergartens, 1 health center, 1 cultural

activity center for farmers, 1 youth centers and 5 mosques.

Bayikule Village, the total area is 5,210 mu and cultivated land 4,119 mu. There

are 634 HHs and 3,615 persons consisting of ethnic minority population accounting

for 92%. In 2010, agricultural economic income is RMB 35.87 million yuan and per

capita income of farmers RMB 6,001 yuan. There are 110 HHs and 272 persons

enjoying subsistence allowance, and 203 poor families of 497 persons.

Jiergelang Village, the cultivated land is 3,094mu. There are 523 HHs and 2,392

persons in the village, of which, ethnic minority population accounts for 63%. In

2010, total rural economic income is RMB 31.21 million yuan and per capita net

income of the farmers RMB 6,028 yuan. There are 7 collective enterprises in the

village and the collective income is RMB 200 thousand yuan (mainly the rent); the

largest enterprises are brick yard and paper mill.

40

Bayandai Town, there are two villages, i.e. Bayandai Village and New Village

along Xincun Road in the Development Zone.

Bayandaixin Village is in the area 4.2km to south by west of Bayandai Town in

Yining city, consisting of 6 villager groups. There are 638 HHs and 3,040 persons

totally by the end of 2009, consisting of 5 ethnic groups, i.e. Uygur, Kazak, Hui,

Uzbek and Han, of which, ethnic minority population 79.4%. Total cultivated land is

5,600 mu, and per capita area 1.82mu, mainly for crop farming with sugar beet, corn

and wheat, in addition to some small orchards where apply and grape are the main

varieties. There are 193 green houses, fish pounds of 1100mu and more than 400 milk

cows. 1,100 persons left for labor service export. There are 1 elementary school, 1

kindergarten, 1 village-level clinic and 3 mosques.

Bayandai Village, in south suburb of National Highway No. 218; total

population is 566 HHs and 3,741 persons consisting of Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazak,

Uzbek and Dongxiang. Uygur population accounts for 80%. There are 6 villager

groups, and cultivated land of 6,467 mu, mainly for corn and wheat. Total economic

income of the village is RMB 43.59 million in 2010 and per capita income is RMB

7,384 yuan. There are 13 village-operated enterprises in the village with collective

income of RMB 200 thousand yuan, mainly the subcontracting cost of land; there is

sand yard ; there is sand yard and fish pond in the village. There are 152 HHs and 277

persons of floating population. There are also 4 mosques.

Dadamutu Township, its Wulasitai Village is of floor space 8,500 mu and the

cultivated land 5,522 mu; there are 830 HHs and 4,230 persons in the village; per

capita cultivated land is 1.7mu, and per capita income of farmers RMB 5,648 yuan.

There are 7 villager groups in the village, and ethnic minority population 83%,

agriculture population 74.7%; 114 HHs and 265 persons enjoy minimum substance

allowance. There are 4 religious places in the village.

There are 3 villages in Kebokeyuzi Township, of which, Tuanjie Village and

Kebokeyuzi Village are located along four roads: Laoyi Road, Laosi Road, Laowu

Road and Provincial Highway No. 220.

Tuanjie Village, the floor space is 7,507 mu, cultivated land 5,593 mu, 556 HHs

and 2,263 villagers; per capita cultivated land 2.6 mu, per capita income of farmers

RMB 5,126 yuan. There are total 6 villager groups in the village; ethnic minority

population 87.6%; there is 1 religious place.

Kebokeyuzi Village, floor space 8985mu, cultivated land area 5,980 mu, 531

HHs and 2,039 villagers, per capita cultivated land 3.1 mu, per capita income of

farmers RMB 5,202 yuan. There are 6 villager groups and ethnic minority population

90.6%; there is 1 religious place.

41

Table 2-5 Production of Investigated Villages

Villager

group

(group)

Floor

space

(mu)

Cultivated

land

(mu)

Per capita

cultivated

land

(mu/person)

Total

amount of

livestock at

end of year

(capita)

Total rural

economic

income

(104 yuan)

Income

from labor

force

transfer

(104 yuan)

Income

from

village-

operated

enterprise

(104 yuan)

Per capita

income of

farmers is

(yuan)

Yingayati

Village

4 5486 2466 1.3 1484 3204 188 105 6071

Huaguosh

an Village

6 12700 4325 1.7 4687 3477 165 69 5610

Dongliang

Village

6 5255 3538 2.0 1242 3629 261 112 6234

Bayikule

Village

7 5210 4119 1.3 1832 3857 177 81 6001

Jiergelang

Village 5

5300 3094 1.8 1143 3121 161 25 6028

Bayandai

Village

6 4039 1.07 2650 3822 3248 7301

New

Village

6 5160 1.61 4750 4359 3240 7310

Wulasitai

Village

7 8500 5522 1.7 2233 541 36 5648

Tuanjie

Village

6 7507 5593 2.6 2047 2581 664 187 5162

Kebokeyu

zi Village

6 8985 5980 3.1 1965 2590 690 475 5202

Dunmaili

Village

4 3170 500 0.5 1500 850 450 0.6 7450

Table 2-6 Social Living Conditions of Investigaed Villages

Total

population

Floating

population

Amount of

households

enjoying

subsistence

allowance

HH Person

Proportion

of

agriculture

population

(%)

Proportion

of ethnic

minority

population

(%) HH Person HH Person

House

holds

enjoying

the five

guarantees

(person)

Transferred

labor force

(person)

Religious

place

(pcs.)

Yingayati

Village 522 2180 62.9 91.2 79 255 88 189 17 969 2

Huaguoshan 612 2547 88.0 91.5 69 223 106 283 4 871 3

42

Village

Dongliang

Village 616 2076 74.6 90.8 47 151 88 215 6 1286 6

Bayikule

Village 714 3716 88.8 91.4 88 256 110 272 11 922 6

Jiergelang

Village

523 2392 71.2 90.5 113 343 110 246 10 852 3

Bayandai

Village 930 3770 83.2 84.7 152 277 163 271 5 4

New Village 699 3198 91.6 86.7 3

Wulasitai

Village 830 4230 74.7 83 18 45 114 265 5 1280 4

Tuanjie

Village 556 2263 95 87.6 36 112 93 1620 1

Kebokeyuzi

Village 531 2039 94.7 90.6 45 130 92 4 1580 1

Dunmaili

Village 800 2100 54.6 90 67 112 80 198 3 400 1

Data about Kaerdun Township are submitted by the departments concern, and the

proportion of ethnic minority population in the township refers to ethnic minority

population among agricultural population.

Nageerqi Community of Yilihelu District Office has total area of 1.7 KM2; there

is 1 street, 12 lanes, 1 mosque, 120 points of commercial network, 5 administrative

units, institutions or enterprises in the area under its jurisdiction. There are 1,574 HHs

and 4,856 residents living in the community, of which, the permanent residents 1,827

HHs and 5,538 persons, floating population 51 HHs and 202 persons. There are 13

ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Kazak, Mongolia, Hui and Xibo, and Uygur people

is 71% of total population. 352 households and 1,109 persons enjoy subsistence

allowance, and the laid-off workers are 221 HHs and 665 persons.

Bayikuoyu Community of Yilihe District Office is located in southwest urban-

rural overlapping area of Yining City, and the floor space is 1.1 KM2. There are two

main lanes (Lane 10 and Lane 11), 15 small lanes and 1 mosque in the area under its

jurisdiction. There are 531 HHs and 2,217 residents in the community, of which,

Uygur population 95%, agriculture population 14.7%, 13 HHs and 39 persons of

floating population, 278 HHs and 945 persons enjoying minimum substance

allowance.

43

Beiyuan Community of Ailanmubage District Office, next to Tianshan Road in

south and link to Huancheng Road in north, there are 9 large compound occupied by

many households and 28 storied buildings, 3 units (incl. 2 elementary schools and 1

center of staff education) and 1 North Mosque for Hui People, and 165 small

businesses of industry and commerce in the community. Total amount of the HHs is

1,722 and 3945 persons, including 1,428 permanent HHs and 3,327 persons; 394 HHs

and 618 persons of floating population. Among the permanent population, ethnic

minority accounts for 41.4%, Uygur population 18.2%. There are 107 HHs and 254

persons enjoying minimum substance allowance, including 46 disabled persons.

Table 2-7 Basic Information about Investigated Communities

Population households

enjoying

subsistence

allowance

floating

population

Houshol

d

Preson

Proportion

ethnic

minority

population

(%) Houshol

d

Preson Houshol

d

Preso

n

Place of

religious

activities

(pcs.)

Nageerqi

Community

1574 4856 352 1109 51 202 1

Bayikuoyu

community

531 2217 95.1 278 945 13 39 1

Beiyuan

Community

1722 3945 41.4 107 254 394 618 1

Community III

in Cooperation

Zone

474 1183 30 218 633 130 265

Ethnic Composing of Population in the Project Area

Yining is a multi-ethnic city consisting of 37 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han,

Kazak, Hui, Mongol, Xibo, Uzbek and Russia etc., and Uygur population has the

largest proportion, i.e. 49.4% of total population, and the ethnic minority population,

65.1%, excluding Han people. Regarding 2 district offices and 4 townships involved

in the Project, in terms of population composing by township and district office, the

proportion of ethnic minority population is slightly lower than the average level of the

whole city, and 61.38% in 2009, of which, Uygur population 46%, Hui population

8.2%, Kazak population 4.3%, in addition to residents of other ethnic groups such as

Xibo, Uzbek, Man and Mongol, and so on. As a whole, except for Hanbin Township,

44

ethnic minority population is a major part in the other townships and district offices,

of which, Dadamutu Township and Kaerdun Township have a larger proportion of

ethnic minority population. Uygur population is the absolutely majority among ethnic

minorities, and then Hui, Kazak, Xibo, Uzbek and so on.

In the villages and communities involved in the Project area, ethnic minority

population usually sees a larger proportion; in particular the agricultural population in

the villages of Kaerdun Township, the proportion of ethnic minority population

exceeds 90%. The proportion of ethnic minority population in Bayikuoyu Community

under Yilihe District Office is 99%. Among all those villages (communities), ethnic

minority population consists mainly of Uygur people. Furthermore, Hui population

has a relatively high percent in Dongliang Village. Uzbek residents account for 20%

of the population in Bayandaixin Village while Hui and Kazak also about 10%

respectively, which indicates a significant multi-ethnic feature.

The multi-ethnic community or village, the HHs of different ethnic groups are

usually neighbors each other in harmony.

Table 2-8 Ethnic Composing of Population in District Office or Township in the

Project Area in 2009 (%)

Total Han Uygur Hui Kazak Xibo Uzbek Man Mongol Othe

r

Yilihe District

Office 21845 24.00 63.73 5.80 3.13 1.02 1.19 0.27 0.16 0.71

Ailanmubage

District Office 57513个 48.88 36.57 7.11 2.99 1.46 0.87 0.64 0.42 1.06

Hanbin

Township 31619 66.96 20.23 4.65 3.78 1.70 0.16 0.53 0.59 1.39

Kaerdun

Township 15185 23.06 68.00 5.47 2.13 0.13 0.65 0.12 0.01 0.43

Bayandai Town 30605 28.89 44.64 17.74 6.86 0.07 0.42 0.12 0.19 1.07

Dadamutu

Township 29057 16.80 69.01 7.20 4.30 0.09 0.09 0.35 0.04 2.13

Total 18582

4 38.62个 45.95个 8.17个 3.91个 0.90个 0.57个 0.40个 0.29个 1.19个

Whole city 45917

2 34.87 49.40 7.52 4.53 0.97 0.89 0.44 0.29 1.10

Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010, the population data are the

ones by the end of 2009. The population data of Ailanmubage District Office are the

ones in 2008. The data in the yearbook differ from the one provided by the townships

45

due to different statistical size (e.g. some select total population, some permanent

population, or only agricultural population).

Table 2-9 Ethnic Composing of Population in District Office or Township in the

Project Area in 2010 (%)

Ethnic minority population (%) Township,

district office

Village,

community

Populatio

n (person)

Han

population

(%) Total

Uygu

r Hui Kazak Other

Total 11324 8.8 91.2 81.2 7.8 0.9 1.3

Bayikule

Village 3311 8.6

91.4 84.7 4.6 0.8 1.2

Yingayati

Village 1896 8.8

91.2 81.1 5.1 1.4 3.6

Dongliang

Village 1756 9.2

90.8 63.6 26.5 0.3 0.5

Huaguosha

n Village 2593 8.5

91.5 86.7 2.5 0.8 1.5

Kaerdun

Township

Jiergelang

Village 1737 9.5

90.5 82.4 4.8 1.4 1.8

Total 32000 28.9 71.1 44.6 17.7 6.9 1.9

Bayandai

Village 3198

80 Bayandai

Town New

Village * 3040 20.6 79.4 37.9 10.2 10.0 21.3

Total 32100 18.6 81.4 67.0 7.7 3.9 2.8 Dadamutu

Township Wulasitai

Village 4230 17

83

Total 19830 23 77 61 16

Bayikuoyu

community 2217 0.7 99.3 95.1 2.5 0.3 1.4 Yilihe District

Office Nageerqi

Community 4856

71

Total 55720 54.1 45.9 27.9 5.2 3.2 9.5 Ailanmubage

District Office Beiyuan

Community 3327 58.6 41.4 21.6 19.8

Data source: all data are provided by the townships or communities. The data of

Kaerdun Township and its villages are from Party Politics Office at the government,

46

and its ethnic population composing analysis is limited only to the agricultural

population in the area under its jurisdiction, and part of the data are adjusted slightly.

* It is the data in 2009.

2.2 The Major Project-affected People to be identified

It is a project of improving urban transport and covering construction or

reconstruction of roads, construction and improvement of public traffic facilities and

service, and capacity building of the traffic control staff. In terms of project objective,

the Project is to improve the whole traffic conditions in Yining City, in particular the

public traffic conditions so that the traffic environment could be improved, and the

infrastructure for developing economy and society optimize; the Project also is

helpful to increase development opportunities to the residents, improve employment

environment and quality of life while increasing travel efficiency of the resident with

convenience, rapidness and amenity. Therefore, Yining city government is the major

promoter and supporter of the Project and hopes to improve urban transport

environment, attract investment, promote economy, and improve living standard, and

increase employment and income level of the residents with it. At the same time, all

residents will be benefited from the Project. Specifically, the residents living or

working along the project roads will be benefited more since their higher rate of road

utilization, e.g. more convenient and safer travel, and improved living and working

environment etc.; the students will also be benefited from the project roads since the

broadened roads increase safety and extended bus routes and improved service quality

make schooling more convenient; the staff of Bus Company will also be benefited

since their working environment will be improved with increased safety.

However, the inevitable cultivated land requisition and housing demolition will

affect current production mode and lifestyle of the relocated; and the Project will

make urban transport and resident travel a temporary inconvenience during its

implementation. Therefore, the identification of major PAPs is the precondition to

reduce any potential negative impact of the Project.

The main people to be affected negatively by the Project may be divided into the

following:

(1) The residents living in the Project Area (including the ones living along the

newly-built or extended roads, next to the newly-built bus stops or bus depot) since

their cultivated land, housing or shop might by requisitioned or demolished due to

the Project implementation, therefore, their living or production environment might

be changed. For instance, the residents living along Daobeiyi Road in Wulasitai

Village of Dadamutu Township and the residents living along the newly-built roads

47

like Xinhuaxi Road and Wuhan Road in Hanbin Township have to be exposed to

potential land requisition and housing demolition. Being affected by the extension of

several roads in East Urban Area, the resident in 5 villages of Kaerdun Township

may be exposed to land requisition and housing demolition.

(2) The staff working in the shops or enterprises along the project roads: their

employment or income may be affected since the shops or enterprises may be

demolished, e.g. the staff working in some shops or enterprises along the project

roads in Huaguoshan Village and Dongliang Village of Kaerdun Township. Since

those shops or enterprises are small-scaled along the project roads and the land to be

requisitioned for road extension is limited, the people affected by the Project will be

less.

(3) The residents living in or around the Project Area will be affected by

temporary travel difficulty during the project implementation, in addition to noise,

dust and hidden safety trouble due to increased heavy vehicles for construction. The

residents and relevant units in the villages or communities in the Project Area may

be exposed to such influences in general. At the same time, those residents affected

by temporary negative impact during the project implementation desire for the long-

term benefit in travel, living, production and environment with the improved road

conditions.

As a whole, the Project will benefit lots of people while part of them might be

affected negatively by land requisition or housing demolition or the construction

works.

2.3 Production Mode and Lifestyle of Residents in the Communities

The residents in the Project Area could be basically divided into two kinds: the

urban residents living in Old Urban Area, and the rural residents living in several

townships of East Urban Area or Development Zone. The difference between urban

and rural residents is reflected in not only their residential district, but production

mode and lifestyle. Since the newly-built or extended roads are in several townships

of East Urban Area or Development Zone, and only Guangming Road Extension and

Shiyihaoxiaoqu Road as well as traffic facilities for some roads and improvement of

bus service are involved in Old Urban Area, more attention are paid to the

production mode and lifestyle of the rural resident living in the proposed townships

during Social Assessment.

2.3.1 Lifestyle and income status

48

Yining city is of mile climate, sufficient water sources and fertile soil favoring

various grains and cash crops, thus the townships under her jurisdiction have been

important agricultural producing area of wheat, corn and rape as well as various

vegetables, fruits and melons. Those townships see differences in varieties. In 2009,

the vegetable cultivation area is 47% of total cultivation area in Kaerdun Township,

and the wheat area is 41.4% in Bayandai Town while 62.5% in Hanbin Township;

Dadamutu Township sees a large cultivation area of corn (35.5%) (See Table 2-10).

The main crops are corn, wheat and sugar beet in Bayandai Village, usually oil-

purpose sunflower is sown after the harvest of winter wheat and rape, and vegetables

are mainly green onion, carrot and Chinese cabbage.

Table 2-10 Cultivated Land Area in the Project Townships in 2009 (mu, %)

Sown area of major crops Cultivate

d land

area by

end of

year

Per capita

cultivated

land in

rural area

Tota

l

area

*

Wheat Corn Rap

e

Vegetabl

e

Melon

and

fruit

The whole

city

241400 1.67 3038

51 30.4个 26.5个 9.4个 16.3个 2.0个

Hanbin

Township

10077 0.76 1164

1 62.5个 15.1个 7.4个 6.9个 个

Kaerdun

Township

18280 1.61 2645

8 23.5个 7.2个 6.3个 47.0个 1.5个

Bayandai

Town

34004 1.69 4460

5 41.4个 22.2个 8.1个 12.1个 0.3个

Dadamutu

Township

44087 1.57 5227

3 21.4个 35.5个 10.0个 18.7个 3.9个

* The area exceeds cultivated land due to multiple cropping areas.

Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010

Yimamu (male, 60, Uygur), a farmer at Team 6, New Village in Bayandai Town.

There area 6 persons in his family, i.e. he and his wife, his 3rd

son and 3rd

daughter-in-

law, and 2 grandsons. His grandsons are receiving elementary school education.

Yimamu has 5 children, and now he and his wife live together with their 3rd

son. His

other children also give the old couples cash. According to Yimamu, his family is the

one in good economic conditions in the village. They have 15mu for 8 persons since

Yimamu’s parents were alive at land allocation. “I plant corn and wheat, and in this

49

way I could only maintain current life. The corn or wheat harvested from one mu

could be sold at RMB 900 yuan, but the cost for seeds, tractor renting, irrigation and

chemical fertilizer is RMB 250 yuan totally, in addition to RMB 60 yuan for harvester

renting and freight; irrigation at 30 yuan/hr. (which was free before); the land needs

irrigation 4 times, corn 5 times, RMB 120 yuan every time. The net income per mu is

less than RMB 600 yuan, and net income from crop planting is less than RMB 10

thousand yuan. Regarding animal husbandry, he has sheep fed in a pen, and 20-30

yuan income by fattening a sheep that is bought at 600-700 yuan and sold at 800-900

yuan 2-3 months later. The amount of livestock inventories is usually maintained at

about 25-30 capita, and 100 livestock could be sold one year. The cash received from

all children is 2000-3000 yuan altogether.”

The traditional local lifestyle is mainly crop production, plus animal husbandry.

Many Uygur or Hui residents are good at business and catering. The crop production

is based on cultivated land. In the villages with crop production as the main source of

economic income, the amount of cultivated land usually decides economic income

level and living standard of the farmers in this village. The townships covered by the

Project Area all are the ones in suburb of the city, many rural labor force move into

the city or even go to other places for working. The percent of income from land is

decreasing.

Ma Tengfei (male, 50, Hui), a resident in Huaguoshan Village of Kaerdun

Township. There are 10 persons in his family, i.e. he and his wife, 2 unmarried

children, 3 persons of his eldest son’s family, and 3 persons of his second son’s

family. Regarding his 2 unmarried children, the daughter is graduated from a

technical secondary school and waiting for an employment opportunity, and the son

is a college student. According to his eldest son, “we have 9 mu, including my land

of 1 mu, my parents’ land of 2 mu, my grandparents’ (deceased) land of 2 mu, my

eldest younger brother 1 mu, my youngest brother 1 mu, and my two sisters, 1 mu

for each. The land was allocated in 1983 and no change over those years. My wife is

not native, thus no land for her. We brothers cultivate the land for 2 years each in

turn, i.e. 2 years by me, and two years by one of my brother; my young brother has

better economic conditions and has a shop; he wants me to manage the shop but my

sister-in-law does not. I gave them 4 mu and I cultivate the remaining 5 mu. It is

sufficient to support this family since we have two college students. I have to do

part-time job in Yining City during slack season in farming. My wife and I are

working at Huaguoshan Timber Market as bricklayers. I planted apple trees with my

5mu land two years ago, and the trees are one meter high.”

50

The cultivated land area is decreasing with more land-losing farmers since the

extension of urban area, and some farmers have become the village residents in urban

area residents who live in storied buildings like the urban residents. They have no

cultivated land and are employed in urban area. Some villagers find traditional

agriculture and animal husbandry difficult to support their families due to the

decreased cultivated land, and they have to increase their income by doing part-time

job, trade, catering and shop business etc. In 2009, the per capita cultivated land area

of rural population is less than 2 mu in Yining, and the townships see a level of per

capita cultivated land area lower than the average level except for Bayandai Town

with a slightly higher level than the average one. In Hanbin Township, the per capita

cultivated land area is reduced to 0.76mu due to land requisition for the construction

of Development Zone over recent years, and a large number of labor force transfer to

non-agricultural production (see Table 2- ). In Bayikule Village of Kaerdun

Township, there are 89 land-losing farmer HHs or 12.5% of total HHs in the village.

In 2010, the land requisitioned is 810mu and 86 HHs are affected in the village. In

Wulasitai Village of Dadamutu Township, land requisition is 300mu for Daobeier

Road in Cooperation Zone in 2010; and another land requisition of 500mu by

Qinghua Mining Company in 2011. A land-losing farmer in Huaguoshan of Kaerdun

Township has to do part-time job such as selling fruits in Yining City after losing his

land, and now he is running a small shop.

Taxibulata (Uygur, female, 49), a native villager in KaerdunYingayati Village.

There are four persons in her family, i.e. the couples and one son, one daughter. In

2003, their land was requisitioned by the production brigade for construction of a

heating station. Her husband is doing transport business now as a coachman. Her son

is 29, unmarried and doing part-time job without a permanent job. I am a housewife

and sometimes I have an opportunity to work as a cleaner at the production brigade,

or do housekeeping in some other households.

Even without land requisition, people also increase their income level by

increasing their income sources with multiple means of life. They have a decreasing

dependence upon the cultivated land.

Bubinisha (female, 37, Uygur), a villager at Yingayati Village in Kaerdun

Township. There are four persons in her family, i.e. the couples and one son, one

daughter. Her daughter is a student in a middle school, and her son in an elementary

school. She said, “we have 1.7 mu, mainly planting vegetable and watermelons. The

51

cost is great, chemical fertilizer, pesticides….. I have someone else contracted my

land at 300 yuan a year. I don’t want to go in for farming any more. We do business

but I don’t know exactly how much we earn a year since my husband keeps money.

We do shoes business (small workshop) in our own courtyard, and sell our shoes

products on the market. We employ 10 workers who are all from farmer households.

It is better to have a shoes shop than farming since it is not so tired and makes

money.”

Agricultural production is not in a traditional form any more. In order to increase

per unit area yield, varieties of high investment and high profit are developed with

more greenhouses and fruit trees. Various agricultural cooperatives appear and

intensive production area increases with popular land circulation. Some farmers have

their own land contracted and then do part-time job, do business or service for profit.

In 2010, there are 3,092 greenhouses in Kaerdun Township and the floor space

4,552mu (incl. flower planting in greenhouse of 145mu); 950 plastic arch-sheds of

floor space 475mu, mainly for capsicum, tomato, color pepper and gourd. There are

1,420 greenhouses of 2,400 mu in Dongliang Village, in addition to 100 sheds of 50

mu, such structure accounts for 69.2% of total cultivated land in the village. The

orchard area is 1,570mu or 36.3% of total cultivated land in Huaguoshan Village,

mainly used for apple trees.

Yamaimaiti (male, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township.

There are 6 persons and 7mu land in his family. He has all his land contracted at

500 yuan per year and some Ha people are planting vegetables on his land. Total

rent is 3,500 yuan per year. His children are doing part-time job outside.

Maimaitijiang (58, male, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun

Township. There are 8 persons and 12 mu land in his family. 10 mu land is provided

with protected agriculture, and he has income of 500 yuan per mu, total 5,000 yuan

every year. He himself cultivates only 2 mu. He thinks farming is not cost-efficient

due to pesticide cost. His two sons do part-time job and married now.

In Bayandai Town, the rent for greenhouse is 500 yuan/mu per year, and the

greenhouse shall be paid separately. The land is rented by the township or village

collectively for 10 years. The households are built by the government. There are 320

households in Bayandai Village. According to some cadre of the town, there are many

floating population who worked in the greenhouses of Hanbin Township, but when

Hanbin Township became Development Zone with requisition of cultivated land,

most of them transferred to Bayandai Town for greenhouse work.

52

MA Guofu, a worker in some greenhouse of Bayandai Town. He rents 41

greenhouses and invests 1 million yuan every year. He hires 123 persons at monthly

salary of 1000-2000 yuan/person. Flowers are the main variety he plants. The profit

of planting vegetable is low since vegetable price fluctuates greatly. When the

demand is high in winter, the rise in price is prohibited (by the government), but

when the demand is low, no one will mitigate such institutions. Flower planting

needs channels for marketing, and has also to meet requirements of technology and

management. My flowers are sold to the City. I plant what the market needs. My

market share is 40%.

Yiliyaer (male, 38, Uygur), a villager in Bayandai Village. He began

greenhouses in 2008. He had four greenhouses but it was too busy to manage. Since

it is expensive to hire persons, he had to rent three greenhouses out and manage only

one by himself. The gross income of one greenhouse is 10 thousand yuan and the net

income 7000-8000 yuan.

Yili Wutong Technology Co., Ltd. is built in Huaguoshan Village of Kaerdun

Township, which was registered in March 2011. According to WANG Hongqi, the

corporate representative of the Company, the registered capital is 1 million yuan and

the floor space exceeds 200 mu by mainly renting the land of Team III of Huaguoshan

Village at 600 yuan/mu per year. 2 million yuan has been invested now without

output yet. The scale will be reached after three years. Saplings are planted there, such

as clove lilac, toon and chinar etc. The size will be enlarged in the future and about

30-40 workers employed. There are only 11 workers now. Many workers will be

required to plant trees in spring and autumn, and then more than 100 seasonal laborers

will be employed.

Fig. 2-1 Ecological Variation Chart in Bayandaixin Village (PRA)

53

Since land circulation exists in rural area, and some land-losing farmers lost their

land not because land requisition but they sold their land (have it contracted for a

long time) for some other purpose. Many of them are categorized as poor

households.

Reyihanguli (female, 37, Uygur), a person from a household enjoying

subsistence allowance in Yingayati Village of Kaerdun Township: I sold all my land

of 1.7 mu at 34 thousand yuan for curing my kid since a traffic accident took place. I

sold my land for curing my kid, and all those money spent on curing my kid.

The employed rural population in the Project Area reflects roughly the

production structure in the Project Area. Except for Hanbin Township, the other town

or townships still have traditional agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery

as the ones attracting main labor force, in particular, the population in agriculture,

forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Dadamutu Township accounts for 79.4% of

total employed population there, which reflects the position of agricultural production

in local production pattern. Besides the employed population in agriculture, forestry,

animal husbandry and fishery, there are many people employed in building industry in

Kaerdun Township; in Bayandai Town, there are many people engaged in

transportation and storage sectors; 36% of employed population in wholesale,

retailing and catering in Hanbin Township while less than 1/3 in agriculture, forestry,

animal husbandry and fishery. Commerce and trade is an important industry in the

Project Area, including Yining City, and many rural people employed in wholesale,

retailing and catering, in particular in Hanbin Township where there are many land-

losing farmers. It is also an important way for local government to build markets and

increase shops to encourage the employment of land-losing farmers. There are many

people engaging in catering in Bayandai Village and 280 persons left for job outside.

Table 2-11 The Employed Rural HHs, Population and Villagers in the Project Area in

2009

Employed villager (%) Rural

househ

olds

(HH)

Rural

populati

on(104

persons)

Total

(person)

Agriculture,

forestry,

animal

husbandry

Industry Building

industry

Transportat

ion and

storage

Wholesale,

retailing and

catering

Other

The whole

city 31141 140780 68253 58.8 8.8 8.9 7.9 11.6 3.8

54

Hanbin

Township 3307 13342 5320 32.3 3.6 7.0 14.2 36.0 6.8

Kaerdun

Township 2476 11324 5674 47.8 10.6 20.0 5.7 9.6 6.4

Bayandai

Town 3975 20167 10322 44.2 10.2 10.5 21.3 11.5 2.3

Dadamutu

Township 6210 28127 11660 79.4 1.7 9.2 3.4 3.2 3.0

Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010

Among 3,716 residents in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township, the amount of

labor force is 866, of which, 131 in primary industry, 180 in secondary industries

(incl. 120 in industry), 50 in building industry, 555 in tertiary industry (incl. 180 in

catering, 110 in transportation and 215 in service), and 50 in other industries. 42

persons transfer to some other place out of Xinjiang for a long time, mainly in

catering. In the village, there are 10 refrigerated warehouses, 8 timber mills, 1

furniture plant, 1 chopsticks plant, 1 oil mill, 1 tyre repairing department, 1 flour mill,

1 privately-operated skill training center, 1 distributor of Shanghai Volkswagen

Company, 5 large-scaled machinery leasing company, 1 sand plant, 1 bitumen

processing plant, 3 fish ponds, 1 casting factory, 1 color steel plate plant, 1 garage, 1

parting lot, and 1 4-storied building of Normal School No.2.

In New Village of Bayandai Town, of village economic income in 2010, the

income from crop production is 8.65 million yuan, industry 5.89 million yuan, and

transportation 3.84 million yuan. The main income sources of the villager works or do

transportation business outside. The villagers who work out are mainly engaged in

building industry as casual laborers mostly. There are 3 brick yards in the village, and

the villagers in transportation business transport the bricks out. Most of them employ

vehicles in the village such as farm truck or tractor. There are about 10 HHs in very

good economic conditions, who are mainly engaged in livestock breeding like milk

cow or sheep, also some operate small plants.

Fig. 2-2 Industrial Composing of Per Capita Income in Dadamutu Township in 2010

55

Data source: Reports of Agricultural Economic Station at Township-level

�����labor service export� �����tertiary industry� �����secondary

industry������Primary industry

Multiple production modes bring the farmers more income. According to the

analysis of per capita income of farmers and herdsman in Dadamutu Township, of

annual per capita net income 8,058 yuan, the income from primary industry accounts

for 45% (3,668 yuan) of total income, and primary industry is still the main source of

income. Of which, agriculture (crop production), animal husbandry and forestry are

62.6%, 35.1% and 2.2% respectively; of crop production, 61.7% of income comes

from greenhouses; the income of secondary industry accounts for 11% of total

income, basically from industry and building industry; the income from tertiary

industry accounts for 22% of total income, of which, catering and transportation are

the main sources. The income from labor service export plays an important role in

income as much as 22% of total income.

Fig. 2-3 Per Capita Income Composing of Farmers from Tertiary Industry in

Dadamutu Township

�����other incomes�����service

industry�����transportation�����catering

或托劳

开开劳

22劳

22劳

22%

37%

11%

30%

56

Such multiple sources of income are reflected also in questionnaire. According to

the investigated farmers in the Project Area, the most important income source is still

crop production, and self-employment comes next, and then working outside.

Table 2-12 Main Income Sources of Farmers According to Questionnaire (HH)

Importance

Cro

p

pro

ductio

n

Anim

al

husb

andry

& liv

estock

breed

ing

Work

ing

outsid

e

Self-

emplo

ym

ent

Salary

or

pen

sion

Subsiste

nce

allow

ances

Housin

g

rentin

g

oth

ers

Total

samples

Most 105 10 90 97 71 61 1 11 446

Less 14 7 57 30 14 38 2 5 167

Least 2 2 8 4 2 8 1 3 30

Fig. 2-4 Most Important Income Source of the Investigated Farmers

�������salary or pension����subsistence

allowances����other�����crop production�������animal husbandry &

livestock breeding����working outside������self-employment

Income sources of several farmer HHs

Maimaitijiang (male, 60, Uygur), a villager in Dongliang Village of Kaerdun

Township. He has 1 son, 3 daughters and 3 grandsons. All his children are married

and live independently. His son is a carpenter mainly in decoration; his daughters

are tailors. He has land of 12mu and net income from the land is 2,000 yuan per

year; he also has 3 milk cows. He served as a village cadre for 3 years at working

subsidy of 600 yuan per month.

Nuermaimaiti (male, 57, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun

Township. There are 6 persons in his family, of which, 1 kid is a college student, 1

23劳

2劳

2工劳

22劳

开6劳

开或劳

3劳

57

kid works as a pancake maker, and one daughter is unemployed. He has a land of

7mu and the income from the land is 3,500 yuan per year. He also works as a casual

laborer at 30 yuan a day.

Dilixiati (male, 44, Uygur), a villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township.

There are 4 persons in his family. The main income source of household income is

transportation business. He has two heavy-duty freight cars and annual income

reaches 70-80 thousand yuan.

Balatijiang (male, 48, Uygur), a villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township.

There are 4 persons in his family, including one daughter who is a student now. He

has 8 mu cultivated land. His house site allocated by the village is 0.5 mu. He built a

2-storied building in 2009 and the floorage is 338m2, including a shop of 80m

2 facing

the street at cost about 150 thousand yuan then, and now its market price is about 650

thousand yuan. The rent for this shop is 1,500 yuan per year for one room, and total

6,000 yuan for 4 rooms. The main source of his household income is the rent. His son

works outside or does farming with annual income of 20 thousand yuan.

Halidan (female, 56, Uygur), a villager in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu

Township. There are 6 persons in her family: she and her husband, one son, one

daughter and two grandsons. She has a land of 12mu, planting wheat and corn with

annual income of 5,000-6,000 yuan. She also has 20 sheep, 2 cows and some chicken,

which brings more than 20 thousand yuan to her family. There are about 6 or 7

households like her family in the lane, they support the family by selling milk mainly,

and also have a shop facing the street.

××× (female, 24, Uygur), a villager in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township.

There are 6 persons in her family: her parents-in-law, she and her husband, his son,

and a sister-in-law (a student). Her elder sister-in-law got a divorce and lives with her

kid together in this family. She has a cultivated land of 7.6mu, and wheat is planted

this year. After harvesting 1,200kg wheat, she plants oil-purpose sunflower there. She

was informed of road construction there and failed to cultivate the land well. Main

income source of the family is pancake-making. Her husband sets up a pancake shop

in the township, 50kg flour could be consumed per day and daily income is estimated

to be 50-60 yuan, all those works are done by himself; he leaves home early and gets

home late. Her parents-in-law are aged and cannot do any heavy work. She does

housework at home.

With respect to the residents living urban area, they have more income sources

by doing different jobs. Among the income sources of the investigated residents in

communities (234 persons), self-employment is the most important one, and part-time

job comes next. Since many of the investigated are people of low- or middle-income

58

level, 18% of the investigated take subsistence allowances as their most important

income source (see Fig. 2-5). Most of the self-employed individuals set up a shop

facing the street and sell certain commodities or offering various services.

Fig. 2-5 Most Important Income Source of the Investigated Residents in

Communities According to Questionnaire

�������salary or pension����subsistence

allowances����other�����crop production����working

outside������self-employment

It is an important task of the staff at district office and community service to

settle the employment problem for the residents. One of the staff at Nageerqi

Community of Yilihe District Office in Yining City said: Uygur residents account for

about 80% of total residents in this community, and many residents run a shop or do

part-time job. Such people as the laid-off works due to bankrupt or restructured

enterprises, and the youth graduated from colleges or technical secondary school but

fail to find a job Yining do odd job on markets. The community provides the

unemployed with vocational training; the topic is Chinese-style cake making in 2010,

and cooking & silk-screen flower making in 2011. People are organized to receive

training sessions at Yining Vocational Training School for 60 days, and they could

receive a certificate with an acceptable test.

Residents ling in the Community who do business

Aibibai·Hamuti (female, 42, Uygur), a resident in Bayikuoqia Community under

Yilihe District Office. There are 5 persons in her family: the couples and 3 daughters.

All her daughters are students now. she and her husband run a shop that is close to the

road, and household goods such as toothpaste, towel, instant noodles and beverage are

6劳

22劳

3工劳

2开劳

开族劳

3劳

59

sold there, also some snack food that are wholesaled rather than self-made; in addition

to livestock feeding stuff and fruits like watermelon. The building of the shop is

rented at 60 yuan per room, and total 240 yuan for 4 rooms every month. They buy

the goods in large quantities for resale by themselves at the wholesale market. They

do it at least once a week. With the proposed road construction, the shop is certain to

be demolished. Her husband has lumbar disease and cannot do any heavy work. He

enjoys subsistence allowances. The whole family has to be dependent only on

subsistence allowances without this shop, and they do not know what to do in the

future. It is hard for them with low educational level to find a job.

ZHANG Quanhong (female, 44, Han), a resident in Beiyuan Community. She

opened a shop (Chengguang Shop) in 2007. It is a 2-room shop about 50 m2.

Household goods such as food are sold mainly to the student in Experimental

Elementary School No.1 (opposite to the shop) and the residents in Beiyuan

Community. The building is owned by her relatives. She is only taking care of the

building and pays her relatives some rent based on the profit. Generally speaking, the

business is ok during the semesters; the income is also ok during Spring Festival. But

it would be slack season during all the other time.

Fig. 2-2 Distribution of Residents and Farmers in Dongliang Street, Kaerdun

60

Township

2.3.2 Living Conditions and Social Structure

It is usually a core family structure, rural or urban, in the Project Area. The son

separates from his parents and live separately after getting married or having a kid;

the daughter leave her parents and goes to her husband’s family or have another core

family separately after getting married. The family size usually is 4-5 persons. For

some young couples who fail to afford a new apartment (urban HHs), or some young

couples who fail to get a house site for newly-built house (rural HHs), they live

together with their parents and married or unmarried siblings in a courtyard.

According to the questionnaire, the family size of the investigated is 4.6 persons

on average, and the mode is 4 persons; 1 at least and 16 at most. Comparatively

speaking, Uygur family has the largest size of 4.7 persons on average, Hui comes

next at 4.6, and Han at 4. Rural residents have a larger family of 4.95 persons on

average, and self-employed & owner of private enterprise at 4.4.

Table 2-13 Population Composing of the Investigated HHs by Ethnic Group (%)

1-3

persons

4-6

persons

7-10

persons

> 11

persons

Averag

e

Number of

samples

Total 29.3 57.8 11.8 1 4.6 499

Uygur 25.5 60.9 12.5 1.2 4.70 373

Han 49.3 43.5 5.8 1.4 3.99 69

Hui 28.9 57.8 13.3 0 4.6 45

The employment status of residents decides directly their individual income and

their family’s living standard. According to the questionnaire, many families have

employed members; mostly 1 or 2 members are employed. In 2010, the Party

Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region require the town and city to make

efforts and eliminate any phenomenon of “zero-employment” families, i.e. to ensure

at least one of the members having labor capability in every family get employed. The

methods include commonweal posts provided by relevant governmental departments,

provision of employment information and strengthening of employment training.

Urban HHs see greatly-improved employment conditions. In general, rural HHs have

their own land and the members at labor age are treated as the employed. Therefore,

the rate of HHs having employed population is high. At the same time, some HHs

also have unemployed population. Of course, it is difficult with this questionnaire to

reflect objectively the employment status of the residents’ family since people have

different opinion about what is employment. Some people think it is employment with

61

stable income or even working at state organs or institutions and enterprises while the

flexible employment (in the form of part-time, temporary or flexible working system)

shall not be treated as employment. Therefore, there is great difference in the

identification of employment. According to questionnaire statistics, lots of data about

employment status are missing and it is hard to make statistics about employment or

unemployment with such insufficient data. Furthermore, the farmers account for

36.4% of the investigated on the item of unemployed population, which differs to

some extent from the general statistic size, which also reflects that employment will

be a big deal to the group of farmers with the increasing number of land-losing

farmers.

Among the investigated HHs, about 1/4 have member(s) losing working capacity

population, including the aged and the disabled.

More than a half of the HHs have kid(s) studying in school. Nine-year

compulsory education system is enforced widely in Yining City, and almost all

children are obligated to receive education of elementary school and junior high

school. But for the adults, there still are certain amount of persons fails to receive

education of middle school or even elementary school.

Table 2-14 Basic Information of Population in the Investigated HHs.

0 1

perso

n

2

persons

3

persons

4

persons

5

persons

6 persons

or more

Valid

data

Missing

Employed

population*

1.0 50.7 34.0 9.2 3.3 1.6 0.3 306 203

Of which:

female

4.6 75.7 15.1 3.9 0.7 152 357

Unemploye

d population

0.5 47.3 26.6 15.8 6.8 1.8 1.4 222

287

Of which:

female

0.6 65.5 22.8 7.6 1.8 1.8 171

338

Lossing

working

capacity

4.0 55.6 37.3 3.2

126

383

Student 2.0 51.9 34.0 8.8 3.0 .3 297 212

*Employed population includes the flexibly-employed persons like part-time worker

and venders.

62

According to the questionnaire, many of the residents in the Project Area are of

education background of junior high school or high school. The educational level is

related to occupation. The manual laborers and the workers outside of the state-

employed system see usually a lower educational level, but few of them also received

higher education (see Table 2-15). Rural residents see a large percent of elementary

school educational background. According to the questionnaire, 37.9% of the farmers

received elementary school education; among the labor force of 866 persons in

Bayikule Village of Kaerdun Township, 58.7% elementary school educational

background (see Fig. 2-5).

Table 2-15 Educational Background in Some Occupations according to the

Questionnaire (%)

College

educatio

n or

more

Associat

e

educatio

n

Technica

l

secondar

y school

High school

(technical

school,

vocational

senior

middle

school)

Junio

r

high

schoo

l

Elementar

y school

Illiterat

e and

semi

-

illiterat

e

Sample

s

Farmer 1.7 0.6 1.7 13.6 25.4 37.9 19.2 177

Self-

employed

individuals

& owner of

private

enterprise

1.2 2.5 3.7 17.3 44.4 23.5 7.4 81

Part-time

worker 2.3 18.2 52.3 20.5 6.8 44

The

unemploye

d

1.7 1.7 1.7 24.1 41.4 17.2 12.1 58

Total 5.5 6.3 3.8 20.2 29.9 23.8 10.5 495

Fig. 2-5 Educational Background of Labor Force in Bayikule Village (person)

,个开族工

,个托工族

,个摩6

,个开族

,个摩托 ,个服

63

���junior high school� ���high school� ���technical secondary school�

�����associate or more����illiterate����elementary school

According to the questionnaire, 78% of the respondents live in their own houses,

and 17% rent housing, and 3.8% live in the housing of his relative or friend. By

occupation, the farmers see the largest percent with respect to people living in their

own houses, i.e. 87%; self-employed individuals & owner of private enterprise see a

large percent in renting, i.e. 33.3%, and most of them rent a shop facing the street for

the purpose of living and doing business; 73.8% of the part-time workers live in their

own house, which means they works near their home; the unemployed see a large

percent in renting single-storey houses or live in a house of his relative or friend,

which reflects poor living conditions. The housing conditions of different ethnic

groups relate more closely to their occupations rather than their ethnic identity. Han

people see a large percent in housing renting since many of them do business; Uygur

people see a large percent in living their own houses since they have a large

proportion of local farmers.

Table 2-16 Housing Conditions of the Investigated (%)

Self-owned Rent

Storied

building

Single-

storey

house

Storied

building

Single-

storey

house

In

housing

of a

relative

or friend

Other Samples

Total 10.8 67.5 6.9 10.2 3.8 0.8 480

Uygur 8.5 72.9 5.1 8.5 4.2 0.8 354

Han 22.1 41.2 19.1 16.2 1.5 68

Et

hn

ic

gr

ou

p

Hui

15.6 66.7 2.2 13.3 2.2 45

Farmer 1.2 86.0 2.4 7.9 1.8 0.6 164

Self-employed

individuals&

owner of private

enterprise

17.3 48.1 16.0 17.3 1.2 81

Part-time worker 11.9 61.9 9.5 9.5 7.1 42

Oc

cu

pat

io

n

The unemployed 3.8 60.4 1.9 18.9 13.2 1.9 53

64

The gap between the rich and the poor appears obviously no matter in rural or

urban area since their family income differs from each other, which leads people to

live in very different conditions. According to the questionnaire, the percent of

families believing they are low-income ones is 45%, and then middle-income one,

35.8%, and the poor ones 13.6%. Since purposive sampling rather than random

sampling is adopted for this questionnaire, and more attention is paid to the low-

income groups (a large percent of households enjoying subsistence allowance) and

ethnic minority groups during the investigation, the reflected living standard of the

investigated is low, and so their income level. This is why more groups shall not be

reasoned by analogy based on such difference in living standard and income level by

ethnic groups.

Table 2-17 Living Standard of HHs according to the Investigated Himself

High-incme

HHs

Middle-

income HHs

Low-

income HHs

Poor HHs Unclear Samples

Total 4.0 35.8 45.1 13.6 1.4 494

Uygur 3.0 34.8 45.8 14.8 1.6 371

Han 3.1 43.1 49.2 4.6 65

Hui 13.3 37.8 35.6 13.3 45

By income level, the investigated HHs of annual income less than 10 thousand

yuan in 2010 account for 60.2%; at the same level, the farmer group is higher, 75.3%,

which reflects more farmers are the people of middle- or low-income. Of course, part

of the farmers’ income does not present itself in the form of cash since it is produced

and consumed by the farmer himself. Therefore, the farmers’ income is low by cash

receipts only. The households of annual income between 10-30 thousand yuan

account for 24.7%; 30-60 thousand yuan, 13%; more than 60 thousand yuan, only 3%;

and the investigated HHs of annual income more than 100 thousand yuan are of self-

employed or privately-operated enterprise. As a whole, the self-employed individuals

& owner of private enterprise receive good income, but 1/3 of them also express that

their annual family income is less than 10 thousand yuan, and per capita income is

only 2 thousand yuan at 4 persons in a family on average, in other words, the income

level is very low.

65

Fig. 2-6 Household Income Level in 2010 according to the Questionnaire

1�-2��10-20 thousand�2�-3��20-30 thousand�3�-4��30-40 thousand�4�-

6��40-60 thousand�6�����more than 60 thousand�5�����less than 5

thousand

或 -6

托劳

6

3劳

3 -或

族劳

2 -3

开工劳

开 -2

开托劳

托

36劳

托 -开

23劳

66

Table 2-18 Household Income of the Investigated by Ethnic Group and Occupation

in 2010 (%)

Less than

5 thousnd

yuan

5-10

thousan

d yuan

10-20

thousan

d yuan

20-30

thousan

d yuan

30-40

thousan

d yuan

40-60

thousan

d yuan

60-100

thousand

yuan

More

than

100

thous

and

yuan

Samp

les

Total 36.3 22.9 14.5 10.2 7.6 5.4 1.6 1.4 498

Uygur 41.9 23.9 13.7 8.3 6.5 4.3 0.8 0.5 372

Han 17.4 17.4 20.3 18.8 13.0 8.7 4.3 69

Et

hni

c

gro

up

Hui

13.6 22.7 15.9 11.4 9.1 11.4 4.5 11.4 44

Farmer 48.9 26.4 10.3 6.3 6.3 1.1 0.6 174

Self-

employed

individua

ls&

owner of

private

enterprise

11.3 22.5 21.3 17.5 8.8 12.5 1.3 5.0 80

Oc

cu

pat

ion

Part-time

worker 36.4 31.8 13.6 4.5 6.8 4.5 2.3 44

The participants made a basic description about the rich-poor gap between 130

farmer HHs in the meeting of lane officers (5 persons) at Huaguoshan Village of

Kaerdun Township. According to the description below, the amount of HHs treated

as poor ones by the villager exceeds 50%; the HHs of middle-income account for

less than 1/4; and the richest HHs are very few, and their household income differs

greatly from the households of other income levels.

1 The richest 3 HHs annual income about 500 thousand

yuan

2 relative rich 10 HHs annual income about 250

thousand yuan

3 middle-income 30 HHs annual income about 10 thousand

yuan

4 The poor 77 HHs annual income about 2 thousand

yuan

67

The rural residents engage in multiple production modes for different income

sources, and the gap between the rich and the poor is also obvious. The income is

low for the residents who engage only in crop production. According to local cadre,

there are 500 HHs totally engaging in crop production in Bayikule Village of

Kaerdun Township, mainly planting wheat, corn and vegetables at annual income

level of 6,000-10,000 yuan; 380 HHs in livestock breeding, including 15 HHs

having more than 10 capita; 28 HHs in handiwork, mainly knitting and carpentry

products at annual income level of 20 thousand yuan; 53 HHs in business, mainly

garment marketing at supermarkets at annual income level of 15-48 thousand yuan.

There are certain amount of poor population in every village and community.

According to the policies, the rural HHs of annual per capita income less than 1,490

yuan shall be poor ones in Yining, and the rural HHs of annual per capita income

less than 900 yuan (a dynamic indicator to be increased constantly) shall be entitled

to enjoy minimum substance allowance and named as the households enjoying

subsistence allowance. The rural residents whose per capita income and actual living

standard lower than local minimum substance allowance standard are eligible ones

to apply for rural subsistence allowances. At present, the rural population enjoying

rural minimum substance allowance is 13,674 and 8.9% of total rural population in

the whole city. There are 2,430 poor HHs and 9,720 poor persons among the total

population of 32 thousand in Bayandai Town; there are 996 HHs and 2,337 persons

enjoying the minimum subsistence allowance, including 308 urban HHs and 757

urban residents of subsistence allowances and 688 rural HHs and 1580 rural resident

of subsistence allowance. In Kaerdun Township, there are 964 poor HHs and 2,441

poor residents; 502 HHs and 1,205 persons enjoy subsistence allowance. In addition,

for rural residents, the HHs enjoying the five guarantees (the aged, the disabled or

the villager under 16, no working capacity, no income source, and no legal

supporter, foster or obligor in the maintenance, or the villager whose legal supporter,

foster or obligor in the maintenance having no capacity of legal supporter, foster or

obligor in the maintenance) and the disabled are also the groups of difficulties in

living and supported with certain subsidy from the government. In Yining City,

there are 1,976 rural HHs enjoying the five guarantees at per capita subsidy of 150

yuan monthly; 545 disabled children or orphans at a subsidy of 210 yuan monthly;

in Kaerdun Township, there are 24 HHs and 48 persons enjoying the five

guarantees.

The subsistence allowances standard for urban residents differs from that for the

rural ones. For the urban residents holding a non-agricultural household register in the

administrative area of Yining City, if the monthly per capita income of his family

68

member(s) with whom he lives together is lower than the minimum substance

allowance in Yining City, such residents shall be entitled to enjoy urban residents’

minimum substance allowance at 155 yuan/month/person. The guarantee fund for the

residents who having no income source, working capacity, legal supporter and foster

shall be granted in full at the standard of minimum substance allowance, and the other

objects to be guaranteed shall be assisted based on the difference. 60,189 rural or

urban residents, about 15% of total population of Yining, enjoy minimum substance

allowance now, and the monthly per capita subsistence allowances is 161 yuan on

average.

Yasen Aimaiti, a villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town (67, Uygur): the

aged of 60 and more enjoys a subsidy of 60 yuan monthly; the substance allowance

for the households enjoying subsistence allowance is granted every 3 months, and I

received the month for the 1st quarter. The money for the 2

nd quarter (April-June) is

not granted yet. There are 271 villagers enjoying subsistence allowance in the

village, and the appropriated amount for every quarter is about 61,000 yuan that is

divided by 271 persons and every person enjoying subsistence allowance could

receive about 225 yuan, or 75 yuan monthly on average. I am suffering from high

blood pressure, high blood fat and hyperglycemia. I am also one of the persons

enjoying subsistence allowance, and my wife, my son (30 years old) and I are

supported by subsistence allowances, 675 yuan totally every quarter.

Table 2-19 People of Difficulties in Kaerdun Township

Subsistence

allowances Poverty Five guarantees

HH Person HH Person HH Person

Objects

with

preferential

treatment

(person)

Disabled

(person)

Total 502 1205 964 2441 24 48 14 226

Bayikule

Village 110 272 203 497 5 11 6 60

Yingayati

Village 88 189 207 554 5 17 0 30

Dongliang

Village 88 215 189 459 5 6 2 46

Huaguoshan

Village 106 283 174 448 4 4 3 49

Jiergelang

Village 110 246 191 483 5 10 3 41

69

Based on the data provided by the Social Affairs Center of Kaerdun Township

government

Concerning the concept of poverty, different standards are applied with different

opinions. For instance, some poor household may live in a house that is of potential

value, but such a house is not sold and cannot be transformed into assets, therefore,

the household shall still enjoy subsistence allowance.

The cadre from Kaerdun Township said: “in my opinion, it is hard to distinguish

the rich from the poor at the township level. For instance, some persons enjoy

subsistence allowances with his assets equivalent to several million yuan. The land

price is high at 1 million yuan per mu on Jiefang Road in Ying City. Many people

have their own courtyard there, only the yard itself, the area is 2-3 mu, which means 2

or 3 million yuan. But those people do not have their yards rented or sold, but enjoy

subsistence allowances. The land is at 200-300 thousand yuan per mu in Huaguoshan

Village. If we put the said into consideration, 80℅ of the residents enjoying

subsistence allowances are not eligible for the subsistence allowances. There is one

household enjoying subsistence allowances with a 5-mu yard in Jiefang Road. 5

families share that yard, doing nothing but enjoying subsistence allowances. If the

yard is sold, every family may have 2 million yuan. But they do not do that.”

Besides social security for the low-income groups, rural and urban residents may

enjoy various types of social security including endowment insurance and medical

insurance etc. For the farmers, the social security they may enjoy is mainly New-style

Rural Cooperative Medical Care, New-style Rural Endowment Insurance and

minimum substance allowance, of which, the medical insurance has the largest

coverage.

For New-style Rural Endowment Insurance, any resident having rural household

register, 16 years old or more (excl. students in school or college), without basic

endowment insurance for urban enterprise employees, endowment insurance for state-

owned enterprise employees or endowment insurance for flexibly-employed

employees may participate into new rural medical insurance in the place of registered

permanent residence. The individual pays for the insurance with subsidy from both

collective and government. At present, the individual payment standard for new rural

medical insurance starts from 100 yuan annually and one step up with 100 yuan more;

total 10 steps are set up as the options for the participants to select independently.

More investment, more gains return. The village collective shall provide subsidy, if

possible. The subsidy from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 30 yuan per capita

70

annually, and Yining government 20 yuan per capita annually. Such subsidies will be

increased for the residents who select the steps more than 100 yuan. For the groups

with difficulties in payment such as disabled and the households enjoying the five

guarantees, the city government pays the minimum standard, 100 yuan, for them.

For urban minimum substance allowance, any urban resident holding a non-

agricultural household register in the administrative area of Yining City, if the

monthly per capita income of his family member(s) with whom he lives together is

lower than the minimum substance allowance in Yining City, such residents shall be

entitled to enjoy urban residents’ minimum substance allowance at 155 yuan /month

/person. The guarantee fund for the residents who having no income source, working

capacity, legal supporter and foster shall be granted in full at the standard of minimum

substance allowance, and the other objects to be guaranteed shall be assisted based on

the difference.

For rural minimum substance allowance, the rural residents whose per capita

income and actual living standard lower than local minimum substance allowance

standard are eligible ones to apply for rural subsistence allowances. The rural

residents categorized as rural objects enjoying five guarantees shall be taken into the

system of supporting rural residents enjoying five guarantees. At present, the rural

subsistence allowances standard is 700 yuan/year in eight counties and one city in Yili

Valley and 1080 yuan/year in Kuitun City.

Rural-urban medical assistance is an assistance system for the rural households

enjoying the five guarantees, rural and urban households enjoying subsistence

allowance, the marginal HHs for subsistence allowances and other groups with special

difficulties, such groups shall be assisted with certain subsidy for their medical

expenses with this system so that their difficulties in medical service might be

mitigated.

With the increasing land-losing farmers, the policies on social security of land-

losing farmers are completed gradually. In 2011, Yining City government

promulgates the Policy on Social Security of Farmers Affected by Land Requisition

(YiShiZhengBan No.[2011]113) and Methods of Implementing Social Security for

Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining City (provisional).

Table 2-20 Participation of the Investigated into Social Security (%)

New rural

cooperative

medical

system

New rural

medical

insurance

Endowment insurance, medical

insurance, industrial injury

insurance, unemployment

insurance, maternity insurance

Endowment

insurance for

urban

population

Medical

insurance for

urban

population

Subsistence

allowances

Samples Missing

Total 52.8个 9.8个 11.2个 9.1个 16.9个 24.8个 或3服个 摩工个

Farmer 80.1个 17.4个 1.2个 6.8个 11.2个 21.1个 161个 18个

71

2.3.3 Grassroots management structure and channels of ordinary people for

complaint and grievance

Administrative village is an autonomous organization of villagers under the

township-level government. The village is managed mainly by the villagers

committee. According to Law of Villagers’ Committee Organization of the People’s

Republic of China, the villager’s election committee consists of directors and

commissioners who are elected by the villagers’ meeting, villager representative

meeting or every villager group meeting. The villagers’ committee consists usually

of 5-7 village cadres, including the Party branch secretary of the village, director and

deputy director as well as several commissioners of villagers’ committee, of which,

at least one female. For the multi-ethnic villages, there shall be member(s) from the

ethnic group(s) of less population. The villagers’ committee handles public affairs

and public welfare undertaking of the village, mediating disputes among the people,

assisting the security of society, reflecting opinion and request of the villager and

making suggestions to the People’s government. The work and financial receipts and

expenditures of the villagers’ committee are monitored by the villagers. As the

bridge between the government of county or township level and the farmers, the

village cadres are with responsibilities for many things. All policies and measures

from the superior department are fulfilled and feedback through the village cadres;

and the villagers go to them for solution and help concerning various problems in

production and living

In urban area, the community residents’ committee serves as the village-level

grassroots autonomous organization, and consists of the Party branch secretary of the

community, community director and several commissioners of the community who

are responsible for community management and service. The district office is an

agency dispatched by the City, and there are several community residents’ committees

under its jurisdiction.

For the convenience of management, lane officer and 10-household officer are

set up under the village and community in Yining City. For instance, Bayandai Town

is divided into 40 subzones, and the township or village cadre is responsible for the

lanes, and the lane officer (10-household officer) responsible for the households. In

Dongliang Village of Kaerdun Township, Ayixianmu Maimaiti (female, 45, Uygur) is

a lane officer in Lane V of Dongliang Street Extension and responsible for 35 HHs;

she is also from a household enjoying subsistence allowance; WANG Zhiqiang (33,

Han) is a native good at Uygur language speaking; he is responsible for 69 HHs and

serves as secretary in charge of the united front in the village.

Nuerguli Abudusilamu (female, 35, Uygur, educational level of junior high

72

school) is a lane officer in Yingmaili Lane IV of Dongliang Street Extension. She told

us that she was responsible for 30 HHs. “We shall be very familiar with the basic

information of those households, such as population, occupation, what their children

are doing, what the parents are doing, economic income source, and if there is any key

person (the addict, or the person who has undergone reeducation through labor etc.) in

those HHs.

The City develops quickly over recent years and the urban area spreads to the

neighboring villages constantly; people see requisition of farmer’s housing or

cultivated land a lot. According to the regulations of Yining City, the township

government is responsible for the qualification declaration and audit of payment,

insurance participation, and receipt of insurance compensation and withdrawal of the

farmers affected by land requisition. The procedures for validating the farmers and

herdsman affected by land requisition are: individual declaration → primary review

at the villagers’ committee → review at the township (farm) affected by land

requisition → being publicized at the villager’s (urban residents’) committee

affected by land requisition for at least 15 days → Agriculture & Forestry Bureau

issues Certificate of Registration for Farmers & Herdsman Affected by Land

Requisition. If the farmer affected by land requisition meets the requirements for

participating into basic endowment insurance and basic medical insurance, the

farmer himself shall apply for that at the villager’s (urban residents’) committee; the

actual time of the farmer affected by land requisition engaging in agricultural

activities shall be discussed and determined by the villager’s (urban residents’)

committee, and then being publicized; if there is no objection during and after the

publication, his application shall be reviewed by the township (town) People’s

Government, and submitted to the labor and social security department of the City

for approval before being handled by social security undertaking agency of the City.

For the employed farmers and herdsman affected by land requisition, the labor and

social security department shall supervise and urge the employer to sign a labor

contract with the employed with establishment of an account correspondingly for

regular checking the conclusion of labor contract, recruitment and use of work force,

protecting the lawful rights and interests of the farmers and herdsman affected by

land requisition from being infringed. 1 It is obvious that the villagers or residents

contact the grassroots managers often, and the problems related to village or

community management and service are mainly settled by the grassroots cadres.

Generally speaking, the mass-cadre conflicts raise mainly between the ordinary

people and the grassroots cadres. The supervision over relevant works is conducted

1 Methods of Implementing Social Security for Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining City (provisional)

(No.[2011]113) and Methods of Implementing Social Security of Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining

City, .

73

basically in the form of inspection from the upper to lower level. If any person

believes his personal interest is hurt or he is suffering from any injustice, various

channels are available to him for settlement.

If the people are dissatisfied with the grassroots cadre, or have any conflict with

the relevant government department, various channels are available for settlement

such as mediation at grassroots level, hotline for complaint, grievance, grievance or

legal proceedings. Grievance refers to the activities that any citizen, corporation or

other organization reflect situation, advance suggestion, opinion or complaint at the

People’s government of different level in the way of letter, email, fax, call or

interview etc., and then the relevant administrative organ(s) handle such issues

according to the law. Grievance system is a Chinese-characteristic system of

political participation and right relief, and all-level governments shall ask the

relevant department to make efforts and handle grievance seriously. Therefore, some

people tend to go to the superior governmental department or appeal to the higher

authorities for help by bypassing the immediate leadership for being paid attention

to when they have no way out or are delayed by some department that performs its

duty negligently.

In China, the local government usually is of powerful capacity of social control

and mobilization, and the planning and envisage of the government could be

implemented effectively while the mass are vulnerable relatively with various

restrictions on their opinion reaching the higher authorities and being adopted. Such a

situation is being improved now. On one hand, the governments of all levels meditate

on and attach importance to increasing social conflicts, recognizing the transformation

from social management to social service upon the request of building “a harmonious

society”; on the other hand, the public has convenient and multiple channels of

expressing their opinions such as grievance system, media and Internet etc. The public

increases their participation and initiativeness in the issues relating to their interest.

Various agencies have also to put the public opinion into consideration while carrying

out the intention of the higher authorities

2.3.4 Ethnic culture and Inter-ethnic Relation

Yining is a multi-ethnic city consisting mainly of Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak

etc. Most of them preserve their ethnic culture and have their own characteristics in

language, religion, habits and values. At the same time, the ethnic groups learn

language from each other and respect lifestyle of the other groups in a harmonious

atmosphere during the long-time communication. Different ethnic groups also share

many common points, e.g. Uygur, Kazak, Hui and Uzbek people believe in Islam;

Han, Hui and Man, also Xibo and Russian etc. communicate in Chinese. Different

74

ethnic groups show some differences in production mode due to the influence of

traditional lifestyle and the resources they possess. Han people have been engaged in

crop production for a long time, plus more travel experiences, they find no language

barrier in accepting the mainstream culture and know the outside world well, which

makes them advantageous relatively in development of greenhouses and diversified

economy; most of Uygur and Hui people are engaged in traditional agricultural

production and good at livestock breeding; they are also engaged in catering with

restaurants operated on roadsides since they are good at commerce and catering.

Uygur farmers see a large percent in Kaerdun Township, Dadamutu Township

and Bayandai Town in the Project Area, even exceeds 90% in some villages while

Han and Hui population are fewer relatively. Thus Uygur language is the major one

for communication, and many Han and Hui people can also speak Uygur language, or

even master Uygur language well. Comparatively speaking, Hui people are better than

Han people in Uygur language. Many Uygur people know Chinese language to

different extent, but very few are good at Chinese language speaking and writing (see

Table 2-21). Of course, not all people master their own written language well due to

limited educational level. Concerning the investigated Han people, 86% can speak

and write Chinese language; and 66.8% of the investigated Uygur can speak and write

Uygur language.

Table 2-21 Languages used most by the investigated by Ethnic Group

Chinese

language

Uygur

language

Kazak

language Other Samples

Uygu

r 2.7 96.0 1.1 0.3 371

Han 88.4 8.7 1.4 1.4 69

Hui 86.7 13.3 45

Other 66.7 33.3 3

Total 22.5 75.8 1.2 0.4 488

Table 2-22 The Proficiency of Uygur and Chinese Languages of the Investigated

Understand

but cannot

speak

Speak but

cannot

write

Can speak

and write

Do not

understand at

all

Samples

Uygu

r 26.6 15.6 18.9 38.9

365 Proficiency of

Chinese

language Hui 25.0 75.0 44

Proficiency of Han 9.8 18.0 4.9 67.2 61

75

Uygur

Language

Hui 6.8 50.0 20.5 22.7

44

Uygur courtyard is Yining-characteristic dwelling house. The Uygur-style

dwelling house consists usually of housing and courtyard, in the form of single-storey

house or 2- or 3-storied building with a courtyard. The housing is square with a front

porch, and the eaves, gallery column and indoor ceiling all are painted or engraved in

artistic design. The housing is of one living room and one guestroom usually, and a

heatable adobe bed of more than one Chi high is built indoor, it is a big bed for people

seating, lying or sleeping; there are wall niches in four walls in the form of window

for placing quilt and clothes etc. The richer HHs have guest room, garage and toilet.

The courtyard is the center of family life and the site for social activities, too. Uygur

residents like to place tee sets and entertain guests in the courtyard or side corridor.

There is an atrium sheltered with mobile sheds of reed or vine where people could be

sheltered in the umbrage of trees. Grapes are planted usually at the side corridor for

shade, and flowers and grass in the courtyard for a quiet and pleasant atmosphere.

Fig. 2-3 Courtyard of a Uygur Resident in Yining City

76

Fig. 2-4 Housing of a Uygur Resident in Yining City

All residents of all ethnic groups could participate in their traditional religious

activities freely within the legal scope. In Yining City, the population believing in

Islam is the largest group and there are many mosques. For instance, there are 19

mosques in the area of jurisdiction of Kaerdun Township and 13 in Hanbin Township.

There are 4 religious places in the area of jurisdiction of Yilihe District Office, i.e. 3

mosques and 1 temple of Buddhism. Uygur and Hui people both believe in Islam, but

they have different mosques to go due to the difference in languages. Furthermore,

Hui people themselves also have different mosques to go due to their different sects

and rituals.

Fig. 2-5 A Mosque in Wulasitai Village

77

MA ×× (male, Hui, 50), a villager in Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township:

there is one Hui mosque and one Uygur mosque in the village. The Hui mosque is on

Hanzhong Road, and 70-80 persons will be there on Jumu'ah Day, and about ten or

more persons there at ordinary times; 300-400 persons will be there on Rozi heyt Day

and Corban Day. The Uygur mosque is at the old timber market on Huaguoshan, 70-

80 persons will be there at ordinary times; about 300 persons on Jumu'ah Day, and

700-800 persons will be there on Rozi heyt Day and Corban Day. I will be there on

Festivals.

An Imam (Hui, 39) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: I am in Qadim

Sect. there are 6 mosques in Dongliang Village, of which, 4 Hui mosques and 2

Uygur mosques. All the Hui mosques are of the old sect. 240 HHs are the followers.

70-80 followers go to my mosque at ordinary times; more than 700 on Jumu'ah Day,

and about 2,000 on Corban Day and Rozi heyt Day. Lent Day is on Aug. 1, and more

people will come to my mosque; it is estimated that 200 persons in daytime and 400-

500 at night.

Ma Imam (Hui, 41) in New Village, Bayandai Town: there are 3 mosques and 3

in-service Imams. 7-8 persons come to my mosque at ordinary time, and 25-30 on

Jumu'ah Day. The followers coming here are the aged from Monday to Thursday; the

people near Yining City will be here on Fridays (for praying).

Rousitanmu (Uygur, 62, director of mosque management committee), in

Bayikuoqia Community under Yilihe District Office: the area of the Mosque is 300

m2, and there are Imam, deputy Imam, an accountant and a cashier. 30-40 persons

come to my mosque at ordinary times, and more than 300 on Jumu'ah Day. The water

and electricity cost of the Mosque is paid by the residents with donation from 10 yuan

to 1,000 yuan. Some mosque was reworked at 180 thousand yuan.

Rouzi (male, 65), Yingayati Village in Kaerdun Township: I go to mosque 5

times a day now. I go there every day since the mosque is close to my home. There

are usually 15-20 persons there, mostly the aged. Their homes are 100m from the

mosque at most. About 200-300 persons will be there on Jumu'ah Day, more young

people then. The road is in poor condition now, and if it rains, the road will be very

muddy. Even Imam cannot be here. It is not convenient to go to mosque.

Yali Maimaiti (male, 60, Uygur, retired), a resident in Beiyuan Community

under Ailaimu District Office: there is a small mosque here. I do not go to mosque

usually but only once on Festival days. The followers going to mosque all are the

aged. I go to mosque on foot since it is close to my home.

78

Generally speaking, the aged are more devotional to religion, and also have time

and energy to complete the activities required by the religion. To the Muslim

believing in Islam, religious ritual requires male adults to go to mosque 5 times a day,

and listen to Imam on Fridays (Jumu'ah Day) at mosque. The people can complete the

religious ritual at home or in some proper place since they cannot go to mosque for

reason of job, travel or health etc. The youth, in particular the ones with fixed

schedules, they have limited time or energy to go to mosque frequently, but they go

there usually on two festival days (Corban Day and Rozi heyt Day, namely, 'Id al-

Adha and Roza), and also frequently on Jumu'ah Day. Females are not allowed to go

to mosque, but they shall complete the religious ritual at home or in some proper

place.

According to the questionnaire, among those 509 respondents, 11 respondents

fail to fill in the column of ethnic group. Of those 498 respondents of identified

ethnic groups, there are 426 persons of Uygur, Hui or Kazak, and they accounts for

85.5% of total population. All those ethnic groups believe basically in Islam since

they are basically the ethnic groups believing in Islam fully. Usually the people of

those ethnic groups are named as Muslim (people believing in Islam), but in

practice, some people are not engaged in specific religious activities. For those three

ethnic groups with this investigation, to the question “if you are Muslim, do you go

to mosque and do fast”, 24 persons (5.6%) fail to answer it.

Fig. 2-7 Information of Muslim Going to Mosque

�����Do not do religious service� ����Do religious service

Among the Muslim doing religious service, 35.4% said they did that at mosque,

55.8% at home and 8.8% at any place with convenience. The latter usually does

religious service at business ground or labor site. To the question “did you go to

mosque on Friday last week?”, most Uygur and Hui respondents say that they (male)

or her husband (male) went to mosque and do religious service (see Fig. 2-8).

81%

19%

79

Fig. 2-8 Information of the Respondent or Her Husband (if the respondent is female)

Going to Mosque last Friday

�����go to mosque� ������don’t go to mosque� ��: Unanswered;

�����Uygur����Hui

Among the Muslim people who said they did religious service, 35.4% said they

did religious service mainly in mosque, 55.8% at home and 8.8% in any place at

convenience. The latter mostly do religious service on business ground or labor site.

To the question “did you go to mosque and do religious service last Friday?” most

Uygur and Hui respondent answered that he (male) or her husband went to mosque

and did religious service (see Fig. 2-8).

Fig. 2-8 Information of the Respondent or Her Husband (if the respondent is female)

Going to Mosque last Friday

�����go to mosque ������don’t go to mosque ��: Unanswered;

�����Uygur ���Hui

The Ramadan starts on Aug. 1, 2011, and to the question if the investigated

Muslim people hold a fast from sunrise to sunset, 81% of them answered that they

would hold a fast.

Fig. 2-9 Will You Hold A Fast during This Ramadan

，8%

1，% 1，%

71%

1，% 13%

0%10%20%30%40%50%，0%70%80%

，8%

1，% 1，%

71%

1，% 13%

0%10%20%30%40%50%，0%70%80%

81%

19%

80

����No, I will not. ���Yes, I will.

Such ethnic minorities as Uygur, Kazak and Hui are of various rules of rites,

frequent family parties and social activities as well as closed interpersonal interaction.

Certain rites will be conducted among Muslim people for the youth’s wedding, boys’

circumcision, girls’ skirt-wearing ceremony or ear-ring ceremony, funeral after the

deceased aged and a Nazer (memorial ceremony) held for the 1st 7-day, 2

nd 7-day,

3rd

7-day, the 40th

day and the anniversary when the relatives and friends as well as

neighbors are invited for participation. To the question how many ceremonies such as

wedding, circumcision or Nazer did you go to last week? 80% said that they went to

such ceremonies one or more times, of which, 13.6% said three or more times (see

Fig. 2-10).

Fig. 2-10 Times of Participating Private Parties Last Week

2�: 2 times; 3����: 3 times or more; 0�: 0; 1�: once

2.4 Travel Modes of Community Residents and Opinions They Held

about Current Urban Transport Conditions

2.4.1 Travel Modes of Residents

The residents live in the Project Area consist of urban and rural residents. The

roads they use for travel are mainly the urban road, rural road and lanes in the village

or the community.

Major vehicles used in village and community:

(1) Vehicles for passenger and freight transport such as bus, taxi and freight

vehicle etc. owned by the state, collective or individuals. Regular bus service is

provided between the townships and town, e.g. Buses No.1, 101, 3, 4, 401, 6, 10 and

12 leading to Kaerdun Township government or the villages under the jurisdiction of

Kaerdun Township; those buses are owned by Bus Company or some farmers.

(2) Agricultural machines used for agricultural production are mainly caterpillar

tractor, large tyred tractor and small four-wheel tractor. Small four-wheel tractors are

popular and become one of main transportation means to be used by farmers to go to

020%

141%

222%

317%

81

market, or enter into the city for marketing farm produce. In 2009, there are 8 tractors

of 55 HP or more and 60 small tractors in New Village of Bayandai Town.

(3) Motorcycle is popular with rural and urban residents.

(4) Animal-drawn vehicle and man-driven vehicle. Animal-drawn vehicle is the

ones drawn by donkey, horse or cattle and walk only on rural roads rather than urban

roads where animal-drawn vehicle is prohibited. The amount of animal-drawn

vehicles is decreasing, in particular, the farmers having small four-wheel tractors do

not use animal-drawn vehicle usually. Man-driven vehicle refers mainly to the bicycle

which is of a large quantity.

According to the questionnaire, most HHs have bicycle or motorcycle no matter

of occupation type. More bicycles are used by low-income people due to its low cost.

The possession rate of family car is low, and such vehicles are owned mainly by

government employee, small business of industry and commerce, and owner of

private enterprise. Nearly 10% of farmers have a family car or freight car, and 52%

motorcycle, which reflect not only the improved production and living conditions of

the farmers, but poor public traffic conditions in villages where the travel distance is

long and people need vehicles to travel.

Table 2-23 Vehicles Owned by the Investigated HHs

Family

car

Freight

car

Motorc

ycle

Bicycle Taxi Sample

s

Missin

g

Total 10.8 3.8 46.1 53.9 0.8 369 140

Worker 66.7 42.9 21 11

Farmer 6.6 3.3 52.1 56.2 0.8 121 58

Government

employee 17.8 4.4 62.2 26.7 4.4 45 6

Self-employed

individuals& owner

of private enterprise

23.4 10.9 32.8 50.0 64 17

Part-time worker 6.1 3.0 42.4 48.5 33 11

the unemployed 2.7 29.7 81.1 37 21

Various vehicles are used by residents for travel, of which, bus is the major one

among the people in all fields; walking and bicycle or motorcycle come next; family

car or taxi is the least. Walking or bicycle is the means to be adopted basically for

short-distance travel.

Table 2-24 The Travel Mode You Take Usually is:

82

By

bus

By taxi Self-

driving

Employe

e bus

Bicycle or

motorcycl

e

On

foot

Other Sample

s

Missin

g

Total 62.6个 2.0个 5.5个 1.2个 21.3个 22.1个 0.8个 或服或个 开托个

Worker 75.0个 个 个 3.1个 21.9个 15.6个 0.0个 32个 个

Farmer 59.2个 0.6个 4.0个 0.6个 24.1个 31.6个 2.3个 开摩或个 托个

Government

employee 46.0个 8.0个 8.0个 6.0个 40.0个 4.0个 个 托工个 开个

Self-

employed

individuals

& owner of

private

enterprise

63.3个 3.8个 12.7个 1.3个 13.9个 7.6个 个 摩服个 2个

Part-time

worker 67.4个 2.3个 2.3个 个 25.6个 18.6个 个 或3个 开个

The

unemployed 67.3个 个 个 个 12.7个 36.4个 个 托托个 3个

The farmers do not travel frequently and their travel distance is short usually,

mostly for the purpose of production rather than pleasure. Male has more travels for

production purpose while female travels mostly for visiting relatives and friends due

to the division of male and female labor. The villagers living in townships go to the

town-level bazaar for household goods. It is also convenient to go to the urban area in

Yining City by bus. Uygur people, including the farmers living in town or townships,

go shopping mostly in Hanren Street of Old Urban Area.

The students travel frequently. Educational department adjusted the distribution

pattern of middle school and elementary school over recent years in order to

concentrate utilization of educational resources, improve schools’ benefit and

teaching quality. Elementary school is usually available in administrative village, and

junior high school in town or township; all senior high schools are in the urban area of

county or city. The students go to school by adopting different transport mode based

on the distance between their residential quarter and the school. Walking or bicycle

for short-distance travel (the students of higher grade in elementary school), or bus if

available. Many parents accompany their elementary-school kids to school and home

on foot, by bicycle or car.

According to the questionnaire, people travel mainly for working, shopping

comes next, and then medical service or accompanying kids to school. It is obvious

that people travel mainly for working and living rather than creational activities. Also,

more than 1/10 of the investigated travel little.

83

Table 2-25 Major Purposes of Frequent Travel (%)

Sequen

cing

Go to

work

Go

shoppi

ng

Accomp

anying

kids to

school

Medica

l

service

Go to

mosqu

e

Having

dinner

out

Visitin

g

friends

Recrea

tional

activity

Travel

little

Sample

s

1st 44.4个 23.4个 4.2个 8.3个 3.2个 0.7个 1.6个 2.1个 12.0个 或32个

2nd 4.9 49.6 15.6 14.3 4.0 3.1 4.9 3.6 22或个

3rd 1.8 11.0 20.2 24.8 7.3 7.3 16.5 11.0 开工服个

Fig. 2-6 Travel Pattern of Villagers in Jiergelang Village of Kaerdun Township

(PRA)

84

Wulasitai (female, 24, Uygur), a villager in Dadamutu Township: we hardly go to

the urban area. Most stuff could be bought at township bazaar. The community is

about 1km from my house and we go there on foot mostly. We can go to the urban

area by Bus No.13 or No. 22. It takes only 20 minutes, so it is convenient. Besides my

relatives in this village, my uncle-in-law and aunt-in-law live in Shengli Road and

Hanren Street respectively in Yining City. My parents-in-law participate into wedding

or circumcision by bus two or three times monthly. There are two mosques nearby,

one Hui-style and one Han-style. My husband goes to mosque on Fridays, also on

Rozi heyt Day and Corban Day.

HU Wanmin (male, 53, Hui), a villager at Team II in Dongliang Village,

Kaerdun Township: we have two bicycles that were used by my kids when they were

students. I go to the villagers’ committee by bicycle. We go shopping in Hanren Street

usually by Bus No.10. There is one bus station in front of my house, and it will take

us 4-5 minutes to be there by bus. We go to bazaar every two days. The mosque is

close to my house and I go there once a day. In addition, I emcee a donation once a

week, mainly for the sick and disabled, the old, weak and the poor followers who

have no money to go to school. I don’t have many relatives. Most of them live in the

urban area or other counties. We don’t communicate each other frequently, only about

one or two visits every half a year. I am certain to visit them on Rozi heyt Day and

Corban Day.

Maimaitijiang (60, Uygur) in Dongliang Village: Bus No.8 is available here and

the distance from Hanren Street is 3km. However, there is a vegetable market in the

street, it is convenient. There are 5 mosques in the village. It is convenient to do

religious service.

A teacher of some elementary school (female, Uygur, 50) at Middle School

No.14 in Yining City (at one side of Xinhuanan Road): I go shopping by bus. There is

no free market of agricultural products nearby, and I go to other place for shopping 3-

4 times a week. My son is a student at Middle School No.8 as a nonresident student.

His school is at Aihemaitijiang Road. He comes and goes 4 times every day. I am the

only worker in my family, and my economic status is not very good, thus my son does

not have launch at school, or in residence. My relatives and friends also live in the

urban area basically. I have to go to work and take care of my son who suffers from

cerebral palsy, so I don’t have time to visit them, at most 2 times a month. I visit my

relatives by bus. They also have to work, so they visit me usually once a month.

The shopkeeper (female, 44, Han) of Chenguang Shop in Beiyuan Community:

we replenish stock one or two time a week by calling the businessmen and then they

will send the goods by driving their minibus. For personal travel, Bus No.2 is

available here, and the time interval between them is about 10 minutes.

Aibibai Hamuti (female, 42, Uygur) in Bayikuoqia Community: I run a shop and

I replenish stock at least once a week from the wholesale market by 3-wheel

motorcycle. My kids go to school. The one going to Middle School No.16 on foot and

the other one going to Middle School No.19 by bicycle. They go and back 4 times

every day. My husband does not go to mosque every day because he suffers from

lumbar disease. He goes there on foot on Friday and Holiday. Mosque is only several

hundred meters away from my house. We visit our relatives on foot first and then by

bus No.5 at the main street. It is convenient in my opinion.

85

Some Muslim people go to mosque every day. Since the mosque is not far from

their houses, they do religious service usually in mosque. More than 80% of them go

there on foot, nearly 10% by bicycle, 6% by motorcycle, but few by car or by bus.

Fig. 2-10 Traffic Mode Adopted by Muslim People to Go to Mosque

�����by bicycle �(�) ����by motorcycle �����by bus �(�) ����by

driving a family car ���on foot

Muslim people have many social parties to go, and they go there mainly on foot.

The percent is 47.8%, and 32.7% by bus, then 21.9% by bicycle or motorcycle, which

indicates that such rites of Muslim people have a high utilization rate of roads.

个

族工劳

2劳 商 回

2劳

商 回

6劳

开工劳

86

个

Fig. 2-11 Main Traffic Mode Taken by Muslim People Going to Parties Last Week

��: on foot ��������: by bicycle or motorcycle ����: by bus

�������: driving a car ����: by taxi ��: other

2.4.2 Opinions on road conditions and public traffic in Yining City

Yining people have a positive assessment on traffic situation in Yining City as a

whole. According to the questionnaire, 60% of the investigated believe that the

overall transport condition, public traffic and urban roads are good, 12%-14% not

good or even poor, and slightly more than 1/4 just so-so. There is slight difference in

the opinion between rural and urban residents, and rural resident have a more positive

assessment than urban ones, which reflects that there is no obvious difference in the

impression of Yining urban transport situation between rural and urban residents

while rural ones are more likely to be satisfied.

Table 2-26 Residents’ Assessment of Traffic Conditions in Yining City

Excellent Good So-so Not good Poor Samples

Overall conditions 17.8 42.3 25.9 12.8 1.3 478

Public traffic 17.0 44.4 26.6 9.8 2.2 489

Urban road 17.2 43.7 25.5 12.6 1.0 494

Rural

residents 21.1 41.7 24.3 11.3 1.6 247

Overall

conditio

ns Urban

residents 14.3 42.9 27.7 14.3 0.9 231

Public

traffic

Rural

residents 18.5 41.7 28.7 8.7 2.4 254

177

81

121

2，11 8

0

2040，0

801001201401，0180

87

Urban

residents 15.3 47.2 24.3 11.1 2.1 235

Rural

residents 19.8 42.0 23.7 12.8 1.6 257

Urban

road

Urban

residents 14.3 45.6 27.4 12.2 0.4 237

Concerning the traffic conditions in the community where the residents live, the

residents in the Project Area have negative assessment, in particular the villagers in

those 5 villages of Kaerdun Township, and the villagers in Bayikule Village give the

most negative assessment since 84.6% of the investigated are dissatisfied or very

dissatisfied, and 68.8% in the area under jurisdiction of Ailangbage District Office,

which reflects the desire of those residents for improvement of current transport

conditions. According to the interview, the roads with which the residents are most

dissatisfied are the proposed ones to be rebuilt or extended by the Project, which

indicates the necessity and imperative of the Project; the Project is popular with the

people in the Project Area.

Table 2-27 Residents’ Assessment of Existing Road Conditions around the House

Excellent Good So-so Not good Poor Sample

s

Total 8.7 29.2 19.5 26.2 16.5 497

Huaguoshan

Village 12.0 20.0 24.0 8.0 36.0 25

Jiergelang

Village 4.3 17.4 13.0 21.7 43.5 23

Dongliang

Village 6.4 42.6 19.1 10.6 21.3 47

Yingayati

Village 16.7 20.8 20.8 25.0 16.7 24

Bayikule village 3.8 11.5 50.0 34.6 26

Team II,

Bayandai Town 22.6 22.6 12.9 29.0 12.9 31

Bayandai

TownNew

Village

1.9 48.1 13.5 19.2 17.3 52

Wulasitai Village 6.3 31.3 18.8 18.8 25.0 32

Nageerqi 10.0 24.0 24.0 40.0 2.0 50

88

Community

Bayikuoqia

Community

6.9 55.2 20.7 17.2 29

Humudan

Community

32.4 40.5 13.5 13.5 37

Sayikuyouluxi

Community

.0 38.2 50.0 11.8 34

Ailanmubage

District Office

2.1 16.7 12.5 37.5 31.3 48

The respondents have different opinions on existing traffic problems in Yining

City, but the percent of no any opinion exceeds 50%. No.1 is traffic jam, poor road

condition comes next, and then inconvenient bus service. They are also dissatisfied

with traffic safety, traffic police’s management methods and arrangement of traffic

signs.

Table 2-28 Sequencing of Existing Traffic Problems in Yining (%)

Pro

blem

Traffic

jam

Po

or

road

con

ditio

n

Unreaso

nab

le

arrangem

ent

of traffic

Inco

nv

en

ient b

us

service

Traffic

police’s

po

or

man

agem

en

Traffic

safety

Oth

er

Sam

ples

1st 38.3个 22.4个 3.6个 13.7个 8.2个 9.4个 4.3个 415

2nd 14.6 34.3 13.0 18.9 6.7 11.0 1.6 254

3rd 5.4 9.5 14.9 32.4 13.5 18.9 5.4 74

At the workshop attended by Jiergelang Village lane officers in Kaerdun

Township (7 participants including 2 women), the participants make a sequence of the

problems existing with respect to villager travel (see Table 2-29). According to this

sequence, No.1 is the difficult travel to the villagers’ children going to school, muddy

road comes next, and then narrow roads, also potential waist wrench during the travel

by bus, too many traffic accidents, heavy dust, taxi drivers’ refusal to be there, all

such problems reflect the difficulties in travel due to poor road conditions (dirt road,

narrow etc.), uncomfortable and unsafe bus service, and unavailable taxi service. In

Jiergelang Village, Xinhuadong Road and Nanhuan Road Extension will be covered

by the Project. Current conditions of theirs endanger the safety in villagers’ travel. In

Ailanbage No.11 Residential Quarter, the sequence made by the residents is narrow

road, unsafe travel to the children going to school, and no pedestrian way; all those

problems relate basically to narrow pavement. The other problems such as

89

management, occupancy of roads and poor sanitation conditions relate to management

(see Table 2-30).

Table 2-29 Sequence of Difficulties in Travel of Villagers in Jiergelang Village,

Kaerdun Township (PRA chart )

Sequence

Difficulties

in

schooling

travel

Unavailable

taxi service

Too

many

traffic

accidents

Muddy

road

Heavy

dust

Potential

waist

wrench

during

the

travel by

bus

Narrow

pavement

Candy* ○○○○

○○○○ ○ ○○○

○○○

○○○ ○○ ○○○○

○○○

○○

Amount of

candies 8 1 3 6 2 4 5

Sequencing 1 7 5 2 6 4 3

* PRA method is adopted, and the workshop participants advance travel difficulties

and then make a sequence of them; the difficulty of most priority shall be with most

candies.

Table 2-30 Sequence of Road Problems in Ailanbage No.11 Residential Quarter

(PRA chart )

Sequence

Unsafe

schooling

travel

Narrow

pavement

No

pedestrian

way

Poor

landscaping

Poor

sanitation

Poor

community

management

Occupancy

of road by

venders

Candy* ○○○○

○○ ○○○○○○○

○○○

○○ ○ ○○○○ ○○○ ○○

Amount of

candies 6 7 5 1 4 3 2

Sequencing 2 1 3 7 4 5 6

According to the interview, the existing traffic problems are summarized as

follows based on the residents’ travel experiences:

� Traffic jam

Traffic jam exists in some sections in Yining urban area, mainly at peak hours.

With increasing vehicles this year, such problems are exacerbated.

ZHAO Jianguo (39, a driver) at Hengqiang Cements Company in Dongliang

Village, Kaerdun Township: I work as a driver of pump car. The traffic is heavy with

sharply-increasing vehicles this year. In the first half of last year, the traffic was ok,

but tens of thousands of cars increased in the second half of last year. Some roads are

one-way lane in the urban area, and the traffic jam takes place there. The peak hour is

from 10 minute to working hour to half an hour after off-time, and heavy-duty vehicle

90

like my car cannot run. A route permit is required for driving in Yining City, and I’ll

be fined if I drive on the road rather than the specified ones.

Master WANG (50, a driver) at Hengqiang Cements Company: the roads are just

so-so in Yining City. Some roads are narrow, but too many vehicles there. No good

traffic on Xinhuadong Road, but it is ok on Jiangsu Avenue in front of City

Government where the pavement is broad although there are also many vehicles. We

hope to have the roads built so that transport industry will be favored in Yining City.

Too many pedestrians pass across the roads, which is unsafe. No enough buses at

peak hours, and the time interval is more than 10 minutes, which cause the passengers

crowded in the bus. It is better to dispatch more buses at peak hours, and the interval

shall be 5 minutes.

The reasons for traffic jam are, besides increasing vehicles, narrow pavement at

some sections such as Guangming Road and Xinhuadong Road; poor road conditions

due to damaged pavement like the roads around Wulasitai Village (several roads of

Daobei, and Xihuan Road Extension etc.); also poor travel habits some pedestrians

develop.

Mr. CHEN, the chief of Dispatching Room of Bus No.5: there are always traffic

accidents on Guangming Road since the pavement there is too narrow, say, the

electric motor car collision on July 10. There are too many family cars there. 10

minutes have to be taken for 2-3km distance; the speed is basically at 20 kmph. We

establish several stations there and many residents get in or get out as they wish

without a good travel habit. Also, sever traffic jam in front of the mosques.

Alimu (35, Uygur) in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the roads here are

poor. There is a sand and stone plant, and the trucks damaged the pavement because

the sand has to be moved out. Taxi drivers are reluctant to be here. Too many traffic

accident, high speed, traffic jam, and we can’t get in Bus No.13 easily before Beijing

Time 13: 00, and the time interval for Bus No.22 is too long. The road conditions are

poor in the village.

It is difficult to travel for the residents in some places where roads are poor, bus

service unavailable and taxi drivers are reluctant to be there.

Abudurexiti in Jiergela Village: I do fruit wholesale business. Taxi drivers are

reluctant to be here because the roads are poor.

91

Fig. 2-7 Narrow Pavement of Laoer Road in Dongliang Village

� Road safety

According to the interview, the residents are dissatisfied with road safety, and

they believe there are many traffic accidents on some sections and the safety of

pedestrians can’t be guaranteed. In particular, the kids walk along the roadside on

their way home or school. They are concerned about their kids’ safety.

The villagers in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads in the village

fail to be maintained for many years. One person died from traffic accident since the

roads are poor and buses run fast, in addition, two persons were injuried, one of them

cannot get up, and the other cannot walk without a crutch. It is also very inconvenient

for the children to go to school.

A villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township (running a barber shop at one

side of Shengli Road Extension): the cars run too fast here, and nearly 10 persons die

from traffic accidents every year.

Haliqiemu (female, 62, Uygur) in Nageerqi Community under Yilihe District

Office: the road (Guangming Road Extension) is too narrow, but too many cars, it is

very unsafe. We are very glad to hear the road will be rebuilt. The travel is ok here in

summer, but difficult in winter. We can find a path only when some car passes

through because snow is everywhere. I am concerned about my kids. The pavement is

too narrow, and we have to accompany them to go to school. Many people die from

traffic accidents because the road is too narrow here. There are also heavy-duty

freight cars; most of them run through here because they are not allowed to the broad

roads.

92

The reasons for poor safety on roads are mainly: narrow pavement, high speed,

mixing of various vehicles (incl. mixing of pedestrian and car), insufficient or

damaged traffic facilities, lack of street lamp etc. Say, Guangming Road and Shengli

Road Extension. If there is some school on the narrow-pavement sections, more

serious safety problems will be there. In particular in winter when it is cold and road

is icy. Some parents worry about the safety of their kids and accompany their kids to

go to school or back home, which exacerbates the traffic jam on some specific

sections like Shiyihaoxiaoqu (No.11 Residential Quarter) Road.

Mr. Ka at the end of Guangming Road in Nageerqi Community under Yilihe

District Office: the road is too narrow here, and traffic accident takes place easily in

winter. One accident happens every 2-3 days. Current width of the road is 6m, but in

my opinion, the broader, the better. We all are happy about that. To have road built, to

have school built, and to have hospital built. Islam says those shall be built even no

money is made. Road building has almost no negative impact on school and mosque.

It is better to have roads built soon.

Mr. Ma (male, 65) in No.11 Residential Quarter: there are two schools here and

the sections in front of the schools are ok, but the other sections are full of bumps and

hollows. There are many cars here but roads are narrow. The students at those two

elementary schools are threatened with potential traffic accidents. There are many

students on the road when classes are over, especially at noon. Motorcycle, electric

car and car are here, which are dangerous. Traffic police and traffic police assistants

will be here after school, but they take care of the section in front of the school only.

The students are not so concentrated before the time for school, so the situation is not

so sever.

Juhaguli (female, 38, Uygur), a teacher at Yifu Elementary School (at one side of

Shiyixiaoqu Road): there are 2,000 students at this school. Some parents meet their

kids after school (because they are concerned about their safety). The traffic is

crowded then and even bus cannot pass through. There are many traffic accidents and

even the teachers feel inconvenient on the way home. Many heavy-duty truck or

semitrailers on roads are of negative impact on the safety of the students. Most traffic

accidents take place in winter. Two or three accidents took place this year, for

example. Therefore, most parents meet their kids here, which make traffic jam in front

of the school because of too many family cars then.

Akemujiang (Uygur), the head of Bayikuleke Village in Kaerdun Township: this

road is full of dangers. 7 persons have died out of traffic accidents since last month.

Some traffic accident took place on Shengli Street Extension. The residents are very

dissatisfied with it because the traffic accident took place at night and there was no

street lamp. Too narrow pavement makes one vehicle giving another the right of way

93

very difficult. Traffic accidents happen every year. We hope to have deceleration strip

built since the cars run very fast. There are kindergarten and school nearby, speeding

up is very dangerous.

Maimaitijiang (60, Uygur) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: concerning

the transport conditions, existing problems are mainly that the pavement is narrow to

some extent; the freight car and passenger car mix on the same road; the over-

weighted freight cars run at high speed, which makes travel at night very

inconvenient.

Fig. 2-8 Damaged Pavement of Xinhuadong Road

Some persons believe that the safety problems are caused mainly by poor

management. It is poor management that causes speeding up, over-weighted vehicles

and damaged pavement etc.

Fig. 2-9 A School on One Side of Shengli Road Extension

94

Doorman at Huichang Middle School in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township

(on Shengli Road Extension): there are more than 1,000 persons at the school. Bus

No.8 is available here and only 8 minutes to be in the city center. The road is ok but

no person manages it. For instance, the cars do not slow down in front of the school.

Lately, one employee at Vocational Technology College died out of traffic accident.

There is one sign symbolizing school there, but the drivers neglect it. The over-

weighted truck carrying sands, about 50 tons heavy, never slow down when passing

through. There always are some persons die out of traffic accident every year. The

deceleration strips are damaged by the heavy-duty trucks. Besides the high speed,

noise is also a problem. I don’t think it is a problem of roads; it has something to do

with the management.

The safety of pedestrians relate also to their safety awareness. The pedestrians

pass through roads as they wish, which is an important reason for unsafely traffic. In

addition to the safety education on observing traffic rules, more attention shall be paid

to the reasonable arrangement of cross-passing facilities with legible traffic guiding

signs.

Fig. 2-10 Xincun Road in Bayandai Town

95

� Poor conditions of some sections (mainly rural roads) and poor travel

environment

The pedestrians and the HHs along the roadside are affect seriously by the heavy

dust caused by vehicles since the roads are in poor conditions and full of bumps and

hollows, or the dirt road or gravel-sand road (even the asphalt road, quality is also

poor quality). Poor drainage makes the road muddy on rainy or snowy days or in thaw

season, which also makes travel unsafe and inconvenient.

Bubinisha, a lane officer in Kaerdun Yingayati Village, Yining City: we hope to

have the roads built with excellent landscaping and sanitation. We have to wear rain

boot before go shopping on rainy days. We have to change shoes at the end of lane

otherwise our shoes will be bedaubed with mud. There is no sewer here, and sewage

flows everywhere. If the roads are built, it is also convenient to open a shop.

96

Fig. 2-11 Laosan Road in Bayikule Village

� Public Traffic Service

According to the interview, people are also dissatisfied with public traffic, mainly

on design of routes, service attitude of bus staff (focusing upon their attitude to the

aged), and safety of bus operation etc.

With economic growth, there are more and more various business and trade

activities and therefore, urban and rural areas are linked more closely. The demand for

extending coverage of public traffic to suburb becomes fierce, and the villagers also

have high requirements on bus route extension and bust stop allocation. There is no

bus service available in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township, and the villagers in

Dongliang Village said that they have to walk 3km before reaching a bus station. The

villagers in Huaguoshan Village believe that there shall be more buses available. The

villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town said that no bus service available in the

village. The villagers in New Village hope that their kids may go to school by bus.

Hadanmu (female, 56, Uygur) in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: it is not

convenient for us to travel. Since there is no bus available, we have to walk a long

way to get bus service. I was informed that the road would be broadened by 6m at

each side. It is great! The bus service is good in the urban area. I have to wait for a

bus for 10 minutes sometime, and 5 minutes sometime. The roads in the city are ok.

MA Zhiqiang (male, 41, Hui), an Imam in New Village, Bayandai Town: I have

two kids, the son is 14 and the daughter 12. Their school is 5 km away from our

home. My son goes to school by bicycle and my daughter by 3-wheeled motorcycle.

97

There are 6-7 traffic accidents every half a year, one accident per month on average. It

is not safe. I hope to have bus service available as soon as possible. It is a long

distance, plus narrow pavement, so it is very unsafe in winter.

A villager in Huaguoshan Village, Haerdun Township: Huaguoshan Road is ok,

but Xinhuadong Road is too old, and its pavement is narrow; bus service is also poor

with few buses.

Nuernisha (female, Uygur) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads

here are in poor conditions; all of them are dirt roads. Water supply utility is provided

but the excavated surface fails to be filled up well. The road is disgusting on rainy

days and the children even have no way to go to school. It is because of the poor road

that ambulance cannot be here if some one needs emergency treatment. No bus

service available here. There are bituminous paved roads available even in some

villages, but in our village, the village that is most closed to the City, there is no

bituminous paved road. We have no choice but horse-drawn carriage to take for

travel. But the horse-drawn carriage is not allowed to run on the roads, so we have to

walk 3km before reaching a bus station.

Some villagers in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township wrote and signed

jointly a letter to the government for expressing their desire to have the roads built.

Half of Guangming Road Extension is not covered by bus service and the

residents nearby find no convenience to travel.

The meeting with lane officer and households enjoying subsistence allowance in

Bayikuoqia Community under Yilihe District Office: there is no bus service available

here (Guangming Road Extension). We have to walk 15 minutes to see a doctor. No

vehicle is available even in case of emergency treatment. It is too crowded in Bus

No.5.

Since the aged enjoy free-riding treatment, some bus staff is not friendly to the

aged who will not increase their income, or even refuse to take them.

Mr. WANG (76) in Baiyuan Community: the bus service needs to be improved,

especially to the aged. Some bus drivers do not stop at bus stations, and drive before

the passenger stand well. I stumbled once and had words with the driver. I cannot

understand why he did so. Every family has some aged person, I think.

Abudurexiti (Uygur) in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: the bus service

attitude needs to be improved. The bus driver is friendly when we get in, but push us

when we get out of the bus. The aged passengers are refused because they use the

free-riding card. Some bus drivers know nothing but money. Therefore, the aged

waves with one yuan in hand and asks the driver to stop his bus. The driver doesn’t

stop his bus unless he sees the money held in one hand of the aged. Some senior

98

persons are upset with him and when they get in, they use their free-riding card

instead of paying the money.

A villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town: the drivers of Bus No. ×× refuse

the aged to get in. They explain that they contract the bus, so they have the last word.

In a word, their attitude is poor.

Some sections are of narrow pavement, and buses run at high speed, which leads

to traffic accidents easily.

Ms. Su at Yining Bangyou Electromechanical Maintenance Service Dept. in

Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town: we are engaged mainly in repairing, assembling,

processing, housing leasing and equipment leasing. We hate such a traffic situation.

Bus No.11, heavy-duty vehicles and cars all run here since the section in front of

Bayandai Town government was out of service two years ago. Bus No.11 runs at high

speed and several persons die out of traffic accident at the intersection every year. The

intersection is narrow and traffic is terrible.

In terms of Bus Company, the staff of some bus routes works for a long time

without enough rest, in addition to poor working environment and low income level.

The pavement of Guangming Road is narrow, which makes the bus drivers headache.

It is necessary to provide the bus drivers with some place for having a rest, especially

a place with central heating in winter, also with toilets.

Mr. CHEN, the head of dispatching room of Bus No.5: there are 25 buses for

Bus No.5 route; the number of staff is 60, they work from 8: 00 am to 9:00 pm. One

driver is assigned for one bus, working the whole day. The buses are mostly

contracted by individuals and many problems exist. Some sections are so narrow that

one vehicle cannot give another the right of way. There is no toilet on the way, so the

drivers are very dissatisfied with it. The drivers are paid 100 yuan one day, 3 days off

one month. Some drivers even do not have one day off because they want to make

more money. It is difficult for us to recruit drivers. 70% of the drivers are of ethnic

minority. Nowadays, every driver is guaranteed to have one day off per month. Our

route is opened to traffic in this April.

There are Bus No.6, 10, 201, 401 and 17. The latter three bus routes have no

dispatching room. This dispatching room is only a temporary one of steel sheet where

it is cold in winter and hot in summer. No dinning room or toilet is provided. We have

to pay 50 cents to go to toilet at terminals; even this price is a concessional rate after

we negotiate with the party concerned, otherwise the rate shall be 1 yuan. There is no

toilet at terminals. All personnel go to simple toilets, which inconveniences us very

much. The drivers even have no place for heating in winter.

To rebuilt and extend the questioned roads is an essential way to settle the said

problems including traffic jam, low safety, poor bus service since all those problems

99

relate often to narrow pavement. But according to the investigated, another problem

will appear after the reconstruction of roads since the greatly-improved roads make

high speed possible. Some vehicles run at high speed, which threatens travel safety.

The key point is that traffic control falls behind of road construction. All traffic

control facilities shall be completed while the roads are built, in addition to

strengthened road supervision.

FAN Xinfu (male, 58), a villager in Wulasitai Village: the road in front of my

house, its name seems to be Xihuanbei Road, which is completed within 3 years. It is

said that it shall be 14m wide but the result shows it is only about 10m wide. The

advantage it brings is clean and flat pavement, but the disadvantage is high speed, the

drivers drive their cars at high speed crazily. Except for schools, there is no slowing-

down sign on the road, nor traffic lights in other places. In my opinion, the traffic

conditions in Yining City are ok with traffic lights and speed restriction boards. The

pavement in suburb is also ok, except for less traffic facilities and too high speed.

YE Xueyi (47, Hui), Imam in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the

pavement has been improved over recent years. I hope to broaden the roads. The

buses in urban area and in suburb as well run too fast, that is crazy.

2.4.3 Suggestions on Improvement of Urban Transport Situation in Yining City

Concerning what problems to be settled first and how to improve the transport

situation in Yining City, the sequence given by the investigated in the questionnaire

is: road building first, improvement of public traffic comes next, and then

strengthening of traffic police management skill (see Table 2-31). It is obvious that

the opinions held by the residents in questionnaire are consistent with the questions

advanced by the residents during interview, and with the objective of the Project

basically as well.

Table 2-31 Sequencing of Measure Importance for Improving Yining Urban

Transport in Questionnaire (%)

Measure

s for

improve

ment

Road

buildin

g

Strengtheni

ng of traffic

police

managemen

t skill

Improveme

nt of traffic

sign

arrangement

Improveme

nt of public

traffic

Increasing

amount of

taxies

Other Samp

les

1st 67.8个 7.4个 6.9个 13.0个 2.5个 2.5个 407个

2nd 10.7个 24.8个 18.5个 34.8个 7.8个 3.3个 270个

3rd 5.9个 22.4个 18.8个 24.7个 17.6个 10.6个 85个

100

Concerning how to improve bus service, according to the questionnaire, No.1 is

to increase the amount of buses, and then to improve bus service attitude, thirdly, to

adjust bus routes. As far as the implementation of the Project, besides the

improvement of hardware facilities, importance shall also be attached to the soft

content like service attitude.

Table 2-32 Sequencing of Issues to be Addressed for Improving Bus Service

Measure

s for

improve

ment

Increasin

g amount

of buses

Adjusting

bus routes

Improvinf

interior

environm

ent of

buses

Improvin

bus

service

attitude

Improvin

g bus

station

facilities

Other Samples

1st 41.7个 18.6个 8.7个 24.8个 3.0个 3.2个 403个

2nd 11.7个 24.5个 24.9个 26.4个 10.3个 2.2个 273个

3rd 6.4个 6.4个 15.4个 38.5个 25.6个 7.7个 78个

101

2.5 Understanding and suggestion of people who are influenced on

the project

2.5.1 Understanding degree and ways of people who are influenced on the project

In the questionnaire investigation, near half number of the investigated people

who were influenced indicated they knew the project. Before the social impact

assessment group going to the project point for making investigation, the design unit

and the environmental impact assessment group already made measuring and

surveying, most of cadres of the relevant villages and communities knew the project,

and partial cadres ever provided assistance for the primary stage preparation of the

project. Partial residents had noticed that some designers came to make measuring,

and knew of the thing of extensions or improvements to the existing roads. While

there were still some people who said that they did not know the thing of extensions

or improvements of the roads, when the social impact assessment group made

surveying, the social impact assessment group saw that several households were

expanding or repairing their private houses, these households might face relocation

for building of the project.

102

Figure 2-12 Do you know the project?

Don't know Do not answer Know

Nuermaimaiti Yasen (40 years, Uygur), Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdu Township,

lived at the lumber market, engaged in foreign trade business. In 2000, he bought a

yard beside the Xingfu Road with 75 thousand yuan, the whole yard covered an area

of 2 mou, in 2010, he began building houses at the area beside one side of the road, at

present, the houses were still under construction. The housing area was 600 square

meters in total, up to now the spent money were already 600 thousand yuan. When

investigators made household investigation in the household, after the householder

knew the thing of building roads, he said "apla", was very depressed and regret, and

said he did not ever heard of the thing of building roads before. While he still thought

that building road was good to everybody, and came out for supporting the decide of

the state.

Even for the part of influenced people who knew the project, the ways they knew

the project through circulation of information between neighbourhood and kith and

kin occupied 46.2%, being slight less than the formal communication channels of

publicity of staffs of government or media publicity etc.. It was obvious that the

channels through which the influenced people obtained the information about the

project were few as the project was still in its primary demonstration stage.

Figure 2-13 Ways through which the influenced people knew the project

4，%

45%

9%

103

Media publicity publicity by staffs of government people say others

2.5.2 Understanding and attitude of the influenced people to the impact of the

project

In the questionnaire investigation, for the impact of the project to the personal

life, near one half of the people (48%) who were investigated said "very good", 19%

said "relatively good", that was to say yea-sayers occupied 67%; the part who said

"very bad" or "not so good" occupied 8%, partial the latter part people would be

influenced by relocation or expropriation of land for project implementation.

Figure 2-14 understanding of investigated people to the impact of the project to

personal lives

Relatively good common not so good very bad hard to explain very good

55

78

122

9

0

20

40

，0

80

100

120

140

10%

2%

15%

19%

48%，%

104

Although 8% of the investigated people said the project had bad or very bad

impact to their lives, but the part who said "don’t' do has no good to us" only occupied

2%, 49% of people said "warmly welcome, and hope the work can be done as soon as

possible", 43% of people said "it shall get opinions from common people as many as

possible, and make implementation only after better preparation". It showed that the

people who supported the project implementation occupied the overwhelming

majority who were influenced.

Figure 2-15 Attitude of investigated people to the project

It shall get opinions from common people as many as possible, and make

implementation only after better preparation

The project has nothing to do with us

Don't do has no good to us

Hard to explain

Warmly welcome, and hope the work can be done as soon as possible

In the discussion and interview, the investigated people could say more concrete

to the probable good influence of the project to the local economic and social

development, resident production and better living and as well as their hope to the

4%2%

43%49%

2%

105

project. For the concerned roads which should be expanded and improved in the

project, quite a few existed relatively much problem, and already were listed in the

planning for a long time, the township and village cadres were filled with hope and

anticipation for this, and residents also looked forward to it already for a long time, so

they all indicated positive and affirmative attitudes on the whole to the project.

The party committee secretary of the Bayandai Township thought the prospect of

the extension and improvement of Xincun Road promoting the local development was

very good, and indicated that this road: (1) became a main line which linked the

development zone and the Shandong Road, it could carry out real estate development

along the line, the area at the east side of the Xincun Road was planned for real estate

development (master city plan), the area at the west side was Piqinggou, there it could

built some service facilities, mainly for leisure resting, residential district, and resident

resettlements, to accelerate urbanization, and urban-rural integration. (2) linked with

the No.218 National Highway and the Shandong Road forming the new extended road

of the railway station, was very near to the exit of the Jing-Yi express highway, being

able to reduce the traffic stream. (3) could increased job opportunities for the existing

residents at the west side, could directly promote the secondary and tertiary industries.

(4) the maintenance and afforestation of the road were provided to the local landless

farmers in priority.

The village cadres of the Huaguoshan village, Kaerdun Township thought after

completion of road building, more enterprises would be attracted here for cooperation,

and it was good to both collective economy and villager employment. The Secretary

Aierken (Uygur): for the extended part of the Laojiu Road and the South Ring Road,

it already was planned two years ago. When the roads were good, the investment

attraction should be easier, the change would be big. At present, most roads were soil

roads, and rains would make the road very muddy, the road condition was very bad.

At present the best road was the city ring road (east ring road), with 6 driveways, hard

surface, at the roadside there were enterprises (including 17 enterprises), so, after the

new road being built, it would affirmatively attract enterprises.

The cadres of the Dongliang Village hoped that after building the road, the

farmers could carry out agritainment, and could also attract town people to come here

to make investment. the secretary of the Dongliang Village (Hui Nationality): I

thought building road was a good thing, the roads of our Dongliang Village were bad

before, no taxicab liked to come here, even giving 10 yuan or 15 yuan taxicab fee

which were 5 yuan in normal. At present, after road building, some villager could

carry out agritainment tourism at both sides of the road. The extension line of the

Dongliang Street was very important to us, so do the Laoer Road and the Laosan

Road. At present, the relatively good road stretches were the Dongliang Road and the

106

No.220 provincial highway, the industrial park were just at here, there were quite

many enterprises. In future, the village in the city must build good roads for attracting

investment, investors liked to take these into account.

The cadres of Jierkelang Village, Kaerdun Township also hoped after building

the road, enterprises could come here make exploitation and utilization to the local

sorghum, the living environment of villagers could be improved, and it could develop

tourism industry. The branch secretary Reziya (female) said: the village had 2358

persons, the poor households were more than 200, of which low-income families were

168. The village had more than one thousand mou of cultivated land for planting

sorghum which could be made into brooms. At present, the sorghums were planted,

harvested, and made into brooms all by the village. Some person from outside of the

village came here and purchased the brooms, 6-7 yuan for one broom, then sold

according to 15 yuan per one in outside markets. We wanted to establish the

processing plant of ourselves, the village could purchase the brooms and then made

these products into brands, even if the sale price remained 15 yuan, it can return 10

yuan to farmers, the production, purchasing, and selling for brooms all needed large

numbers of work hands, it would increases the employment. At present also some

bosses wanted to make investment here, but the roads were bad, and the intentions

failed, it mainly because the East Xinhua Road was bad, it even influenced renting of

old office building of our village, as the old office building was just at the end point of

the East Xinhua Road. Our new office building was at the south side, and we would

move to there soon. Farmers also had many complaints to the East Xinhua Road, it

was not improved already for 30 years, and was the only road without sewer in the

whole city. Some parts were dug ever and were not repaired, the road condition were

made worse. In the last week, 10 residents appeal to the municipality for help,

complaining about this road, but there were no results, no taxicab dared come here

after 8 o’clock in the evening. Buses did not like to travel through this road, it caused

difficulty to local students for their going to school. After building this road, at the

side there was the Yili River, the landscape was very beautiful, and it could carry out

tourism.

Residents hoped after building roads, it can increase employment chances. The

laneway header of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street Office and the low-

income families held a discussion meeting: the employment of our area were not

good, almost all of them lived as unskilled labour, except minimum living allowance,

they could only do some small business. After building the road, it could promote

development possibly, and some enterprises could enter into here possibly, we also

wanted to support ourselves on our own, we also wanted to work. At present we were

not in the central area, so even odd jobs were difficult to get.

107

Road safety was of great importance to children who went to school every day

and their parents. At present, partial section of roads had bad condition, it caused

difficulty to the children for their going to school, and someone even gave up

everyday going to school from near and selected to go to lodging school in the town.

The branch secretary Reziya (female) of Jierkelang Village, Kaerdun Township

said: my child was 8 years old, as the road (East Xinhua Road) was bad, I had no

choice but to go to the lodging school in the town, if the road was built, I would took

my child back to go to the school nearby, after all the child was too little.

After improvement of the road, it could give positive role in guaranteeing the

resident travel safety and improving the sanitation and environment of residential

district, and it could also even more provide convenience for patient going to a doctor,

children going to school, and resident shopping, thus enhancing life-quality of people.

An elementary school schoolmarm of the Yining City No.14 Middle School (50

years, Uygur): the person number of the middle school students and the pupils were

2100, of which pupils were 1400, the rest were middle school students, the in-service

teachers of the school were 130. The school was located in the Kaerdun Township,

the East Xinhua Road was at the front gate of the school. The students' parents were

mainly farmers, also few partial students’ homes were at the various street of the

Yining City. The school had no resident students. Students lived nearby walked to go

to school, and students lived in urban went to school by buses, there were No.5 and

No.12 buses at the front of gate of the school. The road at the front of the school gate

was built five years ago, it was too narrow, and the road surface was very bad, had

many dust, when an automobile traveling through there were dusts off. It is harm to

health of children, and easily made children fall ill So, if building road, it should

widen the road, and increase speed reduction signs. You could also see that the cars

here all travelled fast, every year there were accidents in which students were hit by

cars, we already reported to higher levels for many times, but there were no replies.

So, for building road, we warmly welcome, it was a good thing. We could get more

convenient when going out. At present, the sound pollution is loud, the dusts were

serious. After shampooing, it could keep the hair clean for only one day. When a

vehicle passing through, dust would fill in the hair, it felt very unhappy.

Boss Chen (age 43) of wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: this road

(stretch section of Shengli Street) straightly went to the Qinghua Coal Mine, was in

bumper-to-bumper traffic, vehicles included not only coal and stone transporting

vehicles but also and buses. Especially for the coal transporting vehicles, they

travelled 24 hours a day having no stop. And the vehicles were driven fast, often

occurred traffic accidents. It was heard the other day that a vehicle run over and killed

three people. Bicycles could not be ridden for narrow road and quick travelling

108

vehicles. This road should have been repaired long time ago, today you said the road

would be widened, it was a good thing.

Aibibai Hamuti (female, age 42, Uygur) of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River

Street Office: the road at front of the gate (the stretch section of the Guangming Road)

was too narrow, the travelling vehicles were also many, children going to school,

seeing a doctor, and going to masjid for worshipping all went on this road. If the road

was able to be widened, we of course welcomed.

The resident Yalimaimaiti (age 60, Uygur) of Beiyuan Community of Ailaimu

Street Office: the road of our No.11 subzone had been repaired for 5 or 6 years, at that

time it only paved a layer of cement, now the road surface had been rough, the to-and-

fro vehicles on the road were very many, the dust was serious. There were two big

vegetable markets near the community, the vehicles for buying vegetable and

transporting coal were many. In summer if you stayed in outside for a while, the hair

and cloth would be filled with black ash. In summer, even if the weather was very hot,

we did not dare opening window, or going outside for enjoying cool. In winter, the

road was wet and slide, it was danger for aged people going outside.

I was a Muslim, in general I went to Han Street to buy living articles, the out-

and-home tickets were 4 yuan. The buses were few, waiting for buses would spend a

better part of the day. And the prices of commodities in this community were more

expensive than other place, for example, the watermelon here was 2 yuan while only 1

yuan in other place, so does the other vegetables and melons and fruits, the main

causes were the road of the community was too bad. There was no hospital near, and

taxicabs did not come here for bad road, the most fear was getting ill at night, it could

not find a taxicab. At one time, one of my grandsons got ill at night, we held the

grandson and walked two to three kilometers for going to the hospital.

My daughter's child was looked after by me in my home, they were busy in

working, had no time to sent the child to go to school, in general I escorted the child

to the No.1 affiliated experimental primary school. The child was 9 years old, was in

grade three. The road nearby was very narrow, and the vehicles were many, she went

to school herself would make us very worried. for everyday going to school and after

school, I would escort and go to the school to pick up the child, and we had no other

way. When hearing of building road at here, we were very pleased.

Village cadres, grass roots staffs, and religious people etc. all showed readiness

to do some things for the project in their power, to make publicity in residents, and

coordinate the problems which encountered probably in the process of project

implementation, to make the project be able to smoothly progress.

The headman Akemujiang of Bayikule village, Kaerdun Township: we could

mobilize the three olds, that was to say the old party members, old cadres, and old

109

laneway headers, and influential people to hold meetings, and mobilize to do mass

work, and overcome the inconvenience in the construction period.

The laneway header Ayixianmu Maimaiti (female, age 45, Uygur) of Dongliang

Village: we supported building the road, building road might influence our outgoing,

but we still supported building road. Building road was a good thing. We would

propaganda work to the common people in our area under administration, I was

responsible for the 35 households of residents in the fifth lane of the stretch section of

the Dongliang Street, the road passed through near our laneway, we would give out

support positively.

The laneway header Nuerguli Abudusilamu (female, age 35, Uygur) of

Yingmaili Forth Lane of stretch section of Dongliang Street of Dongliang Village: I

were responsible for 30 households of residents, I were very familiar with the basic

condition of these residents. We all supported building road, after building road, our

outgoing would be convenient, the environment would be good, and mood would be

good, common people also supported, students would be convenient when going to

school, it would also promote the economic development here. Hope when doing land

expropriation and relocation, it should take more interests of common people into

account, get transparent and open, and compensate common people impartially.

The imam Yimuhanremuzi Reyimu (age 65, Uygur) of Wulasitai Village,

Dadamutu Township: building road was a good thing and thing of accumulating

virtue, if it was needed, we could also spare the masjid, if only build a masjid in a

proper place for us, building road was a big thing, should not be delayed.

The imam Ye Xueyi (age 47, Hui nationality) of the forth team of the Wulasitai

Village: building road was a good thing. There were some one or two people who

disapproved, but 80 - 90% agreed, I would also publicize the thing to my believers in

the masjid. After the road being built up, the influence to us were good, we

welcomed, and hoped it could be realized in a little faster.

The influenced people also understood that the project implementation could

give adverse impact to the working and living of selves. In the questionnaire

investigation, for influence of building roads in urban districts to outgoing of

personals and family, the investigated people thought that the main influence was

against to outgoing for going to work, outgoing for shopping came next, and the third

was children going to school. Of course, the influence of building road was

temporary, only existed in construction period.

Table 2-32 Sequence of impacts of building roads in urban districts to outgoing of

personals and family (%)

110

Impact to

outgoing

Goin

g to

work

Shoppin

g

Children

going to

school

To see

a

doctor

Going to

masjid for

worshipping

Having

no

influence

Hard to

explain Others Sample

First 44.5个 14.9个 10.2个 7.5个 1.5个 7.5个 11.4个 2.5个 402个

Second 3.7个 44.5个 31.9个 15.2个 3.7个 个 个 1.0个 191个

Third 8.5个 17.0个 29.8个 40.4个 4.3个 个 个 个 47个

The land expropriation and relocation had big influence to the people's living,

they might even probably make some household loss their existing source of income,

and make their living fall in difficult position. The residents who were influenced

adversely by the project hoped building road could provide convenience for their and

everybody's living in one side, but they also worried their households would be

impacted seriously and could not maintain the present living standards in other side.

The secretary Reziya (female, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township:

the incomes of residents at the both sides of the roads were all right, their living and

incomes would be influenced for digging roads.

Aibibai Hamuti (age 42, Uygur) of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street

Office: the family had 5 members now, including husband and wife and three

daughters, the all daughters were at school. I operated a store with husband through

renting a house at the road side. If building roads and relocation were implemented,

the store would be dismantled certainly, the store would be closed. My husband had

waist ill, could not do muscular labor, he had minimum living allowance. If the store

was closed, our family would merely live on the minimum living allowance. I did not

know what could we do in the future, the people like us had low standard of culture

and were difficulty to look for work any more.

For small self-employed individual business households who rented houses at

the sides of streets for operation, if their stores were relocated, their operation would

certainly be influenced, while the obtained compensation might be limited.

Due to bad condition of some stretch of roads, public traffic being imperfect, and

highway administration being not in standard, there were persons to engage in some

unlawful passenger and freight transport operation activities. After the roads being

built up and the management being standardized, this kinds of unlawful operation

would be difficulty. It might reduce their household income probably for their

individuals, but it was helpful to the urban traffic and safety of other people.

A villager (male, age 34, Uygur) of Yingayati Village: the family had 3

members, 2 people had minimum living allowance. I engaged in operation of carrying

passengers with motorcycle, sometimes I could earn 80 yuan a day, and sometimes I

could earn 100 yuan a day. The motorcycle was bought with 2000 yuan, mainly it was

111

to carry passengers, it had a hopper which could accommodate up to 4 people, the

motorcycle had a licence but had no operation licence, if the operation was catched by

traffic policemen, it would be fined four or five hundred yuan, if not paying the

monetary penalty, the motorcycle would be impounded. The buses and taxicabs

disliked us, did not let us operated on roads. In the whole village, there were three to

four people who made money with motorcycles.

Administrative officers of the Bus Company thought, during the period of project

implementation, it was not hard for the company to temporarily adjust the bus lines,

the influence to the company was little. Of course, residents who rode the buses in the

lines would probably have short-term of inconvenience.

The stationmaster Chen of dispatching room of dispatching station for No.5 bus:

building road had no influence to me, it only just temporarily adjusted the lines would

be fine, it was not a big problem.

In the discussion meeting for the laneway headers of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun

Township, the people (five) participated in the meeting discussed the possible

influence of the project to the villagers and the difficulties caused by the project, and

it did sequencing to the necessity and importance according to needed help. The

people participated in the meeting thought, it should reduce the negative impact of the

land expropriation and relocation of the project to the individual living, the first was it

should give suitable and reasonable compensation, the second was to set up shops, the

third was employment, and the fourth was resettlements.

Table 2-33 the sequencing for the demands of reducing negative impact in the

discussion meeting for the laneway headers of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township

(being made according to PRA mode)

Hard

problem Compensation Employment

Setting

up

shops

Afforestation Increasing

remuneration Resettlements

Circle ○○○○

○○○ ○○○○○

○○○

○○○ ○○ ○○○ ○○○○

Quantity 7 5 6 2 3 4

Sequencing 1 3 2 6 5 4

2.5.3 Hope and suggestion of influenced people to project implementation

The hope and suggestion of influenced people to the project were concerned in

different aspects, including preparation of project, construction of project, and design,

land expropriation and relocation of project and the mechanism of compensation etc..

Because the land expropriation and relocation involved with many contents, and they

112

were mainly the opinions of the people who were influenced by the land expropriation

and relocation, it would be stated in a separate part in the below.

� On preparation before project implementation

Before implementation of the project, it should do well the preparation

work sufficiently, and should repair the water supply and drain pipes and the

heating pipes along with the roads, to avoid repeat cutting roads. The resident

hoped repairing the roads, but did not hope frequent repairing.

The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: building roads

was a good thing, before building, it should well solve the problem of water supply

and drain and heating pipes, otherwise, it should excavate the road surface again and

again in the future, this kind of thing had ever taken place in the urban area. It shall

take overall into account as possible when building road.

The chairman of the People's Congress, Kaerdun Township: all villagers had

welcome attitude for building roads, but they hoped it should solve the problem of

infrastructure under road surface at the same time when building roads, such as water

supply and drain, heating, electric power, and telecommunication, to avoid repeat

cutting roads in the future.

Abudukeyoumu Alimu (male, age 64, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun

Township: we hoped it should do well all kinds of infrastructure before building

roads, did not build the roads in this year and then dug the roads in next year for

laying sewer pipes, it should work out the plan in advance.

The director Ha of the Ermao Community, Hanbin Township: the pipe networks

under this road (Tianjin Road) were many, hoped it could repair the pipe networks

under the road to a good state in one time.

Abuduaini (age 63, Uygur) of Nageerqi Community of Yili River Street Office:

it should take into account the problem of sewer pipes and water supply before

building roads, the installation here had not yet gone three years. Did not repair roads

every year. Although the roads here were narrow, we had made well everything of our

house, and did not want our placid living being damaged.

Villagers hoped the building of the roads, and hoped it could utilize the chance

of building road to solve the problem of water supply and drain and heating pipes

along with building the roads.

The secretary Reziya (female, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township:

now the problem of water supply had not been solved for us, now the water we drank

was introduced from the other township, and there was water to be provided only in

night and in day time there was no water to be provided. Hoped the problem could be

solved along with the building of the road, to avoid ditching again to solve the water

113

supply problem after the building up of the roads and avoid repeating the previous

wrong, otherwise, we would have a rough time again.

The laneway header Bubinisha (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun

Township: this place also had no sewer pipes, when building roads in the future

whether it could build some sewer pipes, at the present the sewage waters were

flowing everywhere.

A Hui nationality villager (age 53, Hui nationality) of the No.2 team of the

Dongliang Village: whether it could make well the heating and sewer pipes at the

same time along with the building of the roads, to stay warm with stove in winter

time was too much trouble.

Before construction of the project, it should do well the informing work to

the influenced people, to make the householders and business households be able

to do preparation in advance.

The cosmetics storekeeper (age 24, female) of the Ermao residential community

of Hanbin Township: for building the road, it should have inform us earlier, we could

place some small orders or find a way to deal with the inventory, otherwise, the loss

would be large. At this street, the external households who did business were many, if

the road was planned, you should have inform us earlier. (After adjustment of the

project, the Tianjin Road where the shop was located was no longer in the area of the

project)

The Dongliang middle masjid legal representative concurrently the laneway

header Zhang Zeming (age 59, Hui Nationality) of Dongliang Village: building road

was a good thing, we supported strongly, if only you said clear the place and width of

building to us and let us know.

� Problems which should be paid attention to during the construction period

of the project

After the project beginning, it should do construction work losing no time, to

decrease the impact to the residents as best as possible.

For possible inconvenience caused during the period of building roads, the

influenced people all indicated their understanding, but they hoped the construction

period should be shortened as much as possible, it should repair by segments to avoid

cutting at the same time, which would make the construction period get longer and

cause big influence. Hoped the construction work could be done early and could be

completed as soon as possible, to decrease the negative impact of the road

construction caused to the production and living, especial for the business households

and truck farmers who had relatively higher utilization ratio to the road, they hoped

the road could be repaired quickly furthermore.

114

Lu (female, age 63) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: building

road would of course be fine, if it wanted getting rich, it should build road at first. Of

course it might cause traffic jam, but these were nothing. If it built road here, did not

excavated all road surface at one moment and then did nothing. If it was to build road,

it should be quick, did not repair a little today and then a little tomorrow, which

would make us tired.

The imam (Hui Nationality) of the upper masjid of the Dongliang Village:

building road was a good thing, all people welcomed. We had no problem, but the

period should not last too long, otherwise, it would influence living. For the front

road, when repairing, it suddenly stopped construction for half month, it made the

living very inconvenient. Stopping for 2 or 3 days would be tolerable.

Abudumijiti Maimaiti (Uygur) of Yingayati Village: could the construction of

building road be quickly a little and do not excavate for quite a few months at one

time.

Hai (Hui Nationality) of Bayandai New Village: for building this road (the Xincun

Road of the Dongcheng District), I warmly welcome. The road was very narrow, it

often occurred accidents in the year round, even it was to pull down some part of my

big shelter would have no problem, (I knew) Pulling down shelter for building road

would been given compensation. Now I hoped the road could be repaired quickly, did

not delay for a year or so, if so, it would certainly influence me seriously.

The boss of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: If it was to repair

road (the stretch of the Shengli Road), it was advisable to repair half of the road first,

did not excavate all road surface, in this way, the impact to our business would be

some little.

The project should be guaranteed the quality strictly, it should strengthen

management to the construction enterprise.

The woman storekeeper of Heichao Hairdressing Barbershop of the Ermao

residential community of Hanbin Township: for building road, it should repair the

road to good state. There were many roads, which were repaired today and then got

collapsed tomorrow, the quality was too bad, being typical jerry-built projects. It

should do good management to the labor contractor who built the road, to enhance the

highway quality. For a road, if it was able to be used for 7 to 8 years would be fine.

In the construction period, it should pay attention to the safety of outgoing of

resident, and especially children going to school.

Hoped in the construction period the traffic safety for children going to school

could be guaranteed. At present, some roads were narrow originally, once it began

building, both safety and free passing of foot passengers would be influenced.

115

Mihelayi (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: had one 6

years old child (in nursery) and one 10 years old child (grade five student). The child

was a student of the No.28 Elementary School which was near the home, it was no

need to cross the road for going to school, when repairing road, I worried a little, as

building road would be unsafe. At the gate area of the school, accidents often

occurred, I hoped at the gate of the school a security man could be arranged, and it

should set up several traffic lights there.

The doorkeeper Sun sir of the experimental primary school of the No.11

subzone: it was advisable to extend the road to outside, vehicles were many both in

day time and night time, if it was to build road, the school buses could stop at outside,

to leave a way for students.

Paid attention to environment protection

During the construction period, it should pay attention to environment protection,

to avoid damaging the forest belt at the roadside. The secretary Reziya of Jiergelang

Village, Kaerdun Township suggested it should not cut down the trees when building

roads. In the past when building road, the forest belt protection was not paid attention

to in some places, the villagers hoped the same kind of condition should not appear in

the project any more.

A villager (male, age 61, Uygur) of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township:

the roads which had been built up also had many problems, the soil at that side was

piled at this side damaged the tree seedlings at the roadside. Their construction work

was also very bored, they did not pay attention to environment at all. Planting the tree

seedlings was not easy, this doing damaged 30% of tree seedlings at one moment.

There was a wetland near the stretch of the Dongliang Street within the area under

administration of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township, at present the condition

of protection was not good, some people dumped their rubbish there, villagers hoped

in the project, it should not cause new damage to the wetland as much as possible.

The laneway header Wang Zhiqiang of the Dongliang Village: building road was

a good thing. There was a piece of wetland at the juncture place of the Dongliang

Street and the Laoer Road, the wetland was about 93 mou, the area which the project

passed through was 17 mou, it was hoped that the wetland could be protected as

possible. People always said the wetland was kidney of the globe, and the kidney was

very important, and was indispensable, so we hoped the wetland could be protected

Hoped to participate in the construction work of the project

The influenced people hoped to participate in the building of the project, the

village cadres put forward if the project building needed labor force, the village was

116

willingly to provide; the women expressed that they can prepare meals etc., thus to

increase income.

The secretary Reziya (female) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: if

building road needed labor force or other support, we all were willingly to provide.

The headman Akemujiang of Basikuleke Village, Kaerdun Township: if building

road needed workers and vehicles, we all were willingly to provide, both to work as

security staffs and dustmen could be fine.

Bahaer Guli (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: in

building road, it was desirable that we women could also be allowed to work there, I

could prepare meals, and looked after children for the workers.

� About project design

It was hoped that the driveway and footway could be separated after

extension and improvement of roads, and it should set up pedestrian way, to

increase the safety of the road.

An elementary school schoolmarm (50 years, Uygur) of the Yining City No.14

Middle School: the renewal road should have driveway and pedestrian way, the

vehicles and pedestrians could go their own ways, the road should not like the road at

the front of the gate, the vehicles and pedestrians both were crowded in one road. In

addition it was advisable to build a underground passage at the gate of the school,

then the children could have no need to walk cross the road.

The resident Yalimaimaiti (age 60, Uygur) of Beiyuan Community of Ailaimu

Street Office: if it was to build road, it should build a good road in deed, the road

surface should be widened, and it should set up pedestrian way. In this way, it could

provide more convenient for outgoing of around masses.

The boss of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: if it was to repair

road (the stretch of the Shengli Road), it should still set aside pedestrian way, to

provide convenience for passing pedestrians. This road had no pedestrian way,

pedestrians were crowded aside for vehicles.

Chen Xiaobin (age 36) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads

in the urban were good, but the our East Xinhua Road here was not good, here we

were fear to take buses, and every year the condition was same, the roads were not

good, and the road surface were rough. If it was to build road, it was advisable to

build a road being wider a little and being more than 12 meters wide, at present, the

East Xinhua Road was only 7 meters wide, when two vehicles were travelling

together, the bicycles would have no place to go, sometimes the buses directly were

driven with sharp turns in harries, then it would be impossible for bicycles to escape

away, if the roads all liked the Han Street with the lanes of motor vehicle, bicycle, and

117

slow vehicle being separated, it would be fine, in the middle of the road there were

green belt, in this way it would be more safe.

To solve well the problem of road drainage.

It was hoped that after extension and improvement of roads of this project, the

problem of partial road water drainage being not smooth at present could be solved.

Residents of the Ermao Community, Hanbin Township, Development Zone reflected

that the Tianjin Road had no water drainage and when it was rain the water flowed

into the yards of residents. The water drainage of the East Xinhua Road was not good,

when it was rain there would appear water pit. The villagers of Bayandai Village,

Bayandai Township also hoped that for building road it should repair well the water

course first.

The students at the gate of the school were many, building a underground

passage would be good to students in passing.

An elementary school schoolmarm (50 years, Uygur) of the Yining City No.14

Middle School: it was advisable to build a underground passage at the gate of the

school, then the children could have no need to walk cross the road.

Improving the arrangement of traffic signs and marks

Cui Gen of Hengqiang Company: I went to work by bicycle everyday, the traffic

condition was already improved very much than before, at present it was felt just that

the arranged distances of traffic lights were too short.

Ms. Fan who operated a Muslim restaurant: after the road being built up, if it was

able to make dust few and make environment clean, it would be fine, I hoped it could

put some refuse boxes at roadside. There was a school near, this road junction should

be arranged a traffic light, otherwise, it would be too dangerous, traffic accidents

often occurred at the road junction, and motorcyclists often drove a wrong way down.

Without street lamps, it would be inconvenient at night, and unsafe, often was stolen.

Expanding bus covering area and increasing bus station building.

It was put forward that it should build bus stop at the Bayandai Village for No.11

bus, and it was hoped that for important bus lines they all should build bus stop at the

Bayandai Village.

To arrange green belts at both sides of roads, such as to set up green belts at

the both sides of the Tianjin Road.

For project design, there are also some suggestion, for example, the Dongliang

Village put forward that the villagers hoped it could add the No.8 back street which

connected the Xingfu Avenue and the East Xinhua Road into this project for being

improved together. That road already was repaired, but it still was not completed,

118

"residents have a complaint, in rainy day the road has no means to be passed even

more."

Residents raised some other demands which were beyond the project, and hoped

they could be solved in the process of the project. These were their some expectation.

For example, villagers of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township put forward

they hoped their water supply problem could be solved, at present the village had

tapping pipe but had no water; some residents of Baiyuan Community of the

Ailanmubage Street hoped it could do some hardening to the roads in the community

when building roads; villagers of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township also hoped it

could repair well the paths in the village, "the paths are very bad, are not paved

asphalt, and are uneven, are very inconvenient for walk, once it rains, people can not

go out and about for 2-3 days, and children do not want to go to school".

Strengthen management work after project

The building and management of the roads should be in matching. In the past, for

some stretches of roads, after extension and improvement, the road condition got

better, and the vehicle speeds were increased, but the safety was not increased; the

area got popular and business operation increased, but the speed did not have apparent

enhancement, so it should strengthen management even more. In the past, after road

being built up, the overweight vehicles were many, the road surface would then be

damaged in not a long time, if the management was done well, it would keep the road

in good condition for even longer time.

Ma Tengfei (age 50, Hui Nationality) of Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun

Township: after road building up, it should still do management. The road to the

Huaguoshan Timber Market was newly built up several years ago, it was good, but

the traffic accidents still often occurred. It was mainly because the farmers who came

here to do business from the South Xinjiang stopped their vehicles on the road, and at

that place people and vehicles were many originally, too much vehicles was stopped

on the road, then the road surface would get narrow correspondingly.

2.6 Attitude and suggestion of residents who might be influenced by

land expropriation and relocation to the land expropriation and

relocation of the project

2.6.1 Policies on land expropriation and relocation

In recent years, along with development of Yining City, the area of urban district

rapidly expanded, the land expropriations were more and more. In order to guarantee

119

the interests of farmers whose lands were expropriated, in 2011, the Yining City

enacted the Yining City Implementation Method of Social Security for Farmers Whose

Lands Are Expropriated (Temporary) (Yishizhengban No.[2011] 113). According to

the regulations of the Method, the objects who could enjoy the policies included: the

people who loses his/her land in the town planning area of Yining City and outside

the town planning area for government uniform expropriating rural collective lands

and remains in labour-ages at the time of land expropriation (with age being above 16

years old and less than 60 years old for man and 55 years old for woman); the people

who has signed the Household Land Contract with his or her Village Committee and

held the Rural Land Contract Management Right Certificate; the on-roll agricultural

population within the range of rural collective economic organization, for whom the

government has no means of giving no-hometown migrant resettlement after

accepting the adjustment voluntarily and not possessing agricultural land any more,

and with the age being above 16 years old and enjoying the second round contract

management right at the time of land expropriation; and the people who has signed

arrangement with the Village Committee and he or she do not need to be settled in

uniform.

The retirement pension guarantee fund for a farmer for whom his or her land was

expropriated should be undertaken by the government, village collective, and

individual respectively. Of which: the government undertook 30%, the village

collective undertook 30%, and the individual undertook 40%. The endowment

insurance paid had five classes according to 60%, 7.%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the

basic number. The farmers whose lands were expropriated selected the payment class

voluntarily, and paid in one time the part for which the individual should pay.

For a farmer whose land was expropriated and had an age being 60 years old and

above for a man and 55 years old and above for a woman, after paying the

endowment insurance in full at one time, he or she could collect the retirement

pension monthly. For a farmer who was in accordance with the regulation of

collecting pension, it could refer to the regulation on retiree adding fund in the social

unified basic endowment insurance planning for enterprise's employee of autonomous

region, to adjust the pension after approval of the municipal people's government, the

required fund would by paid from the endowment insurance fund of the farmer whose

land was expropriated.

For a farmer who remained in labor-ages and had work unit after paying in

supplement in one time the endowment insurance, the work unit would continue to

pay the endowment insurance for him or her; if the farmer was in self-employment, he

or she could continue to pay endowment insurance according to a town flexible

employment person, or he or she could participate in the new type rural social

120

endowment insurance voluntarily, when reaching retirement age, and paying the

endowment insurance being for 15 years or more than 15 years, he or she would enjoy

the corresponding retirement pension guarantee respectively and transfer or continue

the endowment insurance relationship to enjoy corresponding treatment according to

the relevant social insurance regulations. For people who paid the endowment

insurance being for full 15 years, he or she could still pay endowment insurance, and

he or she also could select not to pay continually and when reaching retirement age to

handle retirement procedure.

For a farmer whose land was expropriated and whose registered permanent

residence was transferred into town residence, if he or she already was employed and

had clear and definite labor relationship, he or she would participate in town

employee basic medical insurance and enjoy corresponding treatment; if he or she had

no employment unit, in principle he or she would participate in paying town basic

medical insurance as a flexible employment person, if the family had economic

difficulty, he or she could participate in town resident medical insurance; if he or she

already participated in the new type rural and pastoral area cooperative medical

service, he or she could continue to participate in the new type rural and pastoral area

cooperative medical service, and enjoy corresponding treatment.

In Kaerdun Township, there were 1454 landless farmers, at present 63 people

already handled and finished social insurance procedure.

Besides social security for farmers whose lands were expropriated, the municipal

government and the villages' and towns' governments already did many work in

aspects of resettlements of farmers in land expropriation and relocation, it was mainly

to provide newly-built guarantee houses (storied buildings) as resettlement houses and

provide shop houses (with cost price) to arrange employment, and make currency

compensation as required standard. In 2011, the Yingayati Village of Kaerdun

Township was expropriated cultivated land 322.87 mou and 450 households of

houses, 2286 people were involved in total, it was going to carry out the Enriching

and Housing Project for Low-income Families.

The deputy township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: for landless farmers we

were doing the Enriching and Housing Project for Low-income Families, the

proportion of compensation was 1:1.2, the Dongliang Village was just doing the

project. The township government specially provided 80 mou land for building storied

buildings with 680 sets of houses, each set of house was 80-120 square metres. In the

housing subzone there also was built a farmer's market with 220 shops, they would be

provided to the landless farmers with cost prices. If it was a real estate agent to do

land development, the compensation standard was higher than the compensation

provided by the government. In addition, if a farmer who was in land expropriation

121

and relocation lost his or her house for land expropriation and relocation, he or she

also could enjoy 27500 yuan compensation for one year, for example the moving

house allowance was 3000 yuan, and outside-hometown settlement allowance was

7000 yaun a year. If one year passed, the farmer still did not move into the new house,

it could give some more compensation if it was suitable. In principle for a storied

building, it would provide at most two sets of houses for each household of farmer,

and for some landless farmers who had several more sons and daughters, it was taken

into account that their sons and daughters would need houses in the future for

marrying, and in general it was to provide house with cost price according to 1300

yuan per square meter. For the commercial residential building houses in the Yining

City, the average price was more than 3000 yuan per square meters, and for that even

near the city suburb ring road, the average price was already at about 2200 yuan per

square meters. Also there were some very few parts of landless farmers they wanted

to obtain money compensation and did not want to obtain houses, while the most of

farmers wanted to obtain houses, as the storied building house with so low price was

no in market. A good many of farmers would not be given house sites for their home

building, the reason was that at present our lands were getting less and less.

The land expropriation and relocation work was carried out according to

procedures, including to establish leader organization, to do household publicity, to

try to find out, record, and investigate and evaluate the real details of expropriation

and relocation cultivated land and houses, to solicit the opinions and suggestions of

farmer representatives, and finally to sign house relocation contract based on

negotiation and consultation.

The deputy township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: if it was to expropriate

land, in general it should do publicity work in advance, the most agreed the

relocation, only few were difficult to relocation, they just mainly wanted to obtain

some more money. For expropriation and relocation cultivated land compensation, the

young crop cost was 1500 yuan per mou, the grape was 60 thousand yuan per mou.

The relocation should be done according to the local actual conditions, the

compensation standard was uniform all over the country. The government needed to

guide the farmers whose lands were expropriated to do asset investment, for example,

it was to use the cash indemnity to build shop house, otherwise if all the money was

given to them fully, after the money being run out, their living in the future would

have no assured source.

In 2011, the Bayandai Township expropriated, relocated, resettled 1266

households of farmers the 6330 people, to implement the city west market building,

industrial park building, and engineering construction at the both sides of the No.218

National Highway. The town government established the long-term land

122

compensation mechanism, dwelling resettlements mechanism, employment

supporting mechanism, and social security mechanism, to make good resettlements to

landless farmers. The concrete practices: to use the land compensation as production

building funds to build the landless farmer re-employment market, all the shop houses

were provided to the landless farmer; to build the enriching and housing subzone, it

was according to the principle of resettlements first and then relocation, to make an

integral moving for the landless farmers; to establish labor force human resources

service center to provide employment information, establish preferential policies to

support the employment of landless farmers, and strengthen employment training to

enhance the employability of landless farmers; to buy endowment insurance for

landless farmers, to raise funds according to the finance, collective, and individual

proportion of 4:3:3. At present, the whole township already bought endowment

insurance for 1266 households the 6330 farmers.

Photograph 2 - 11 The Landless Farmer Re-employment Market in Process of Hanbin

Township

Photograph 2-12 The Built-up Landless Farmer Re-employment Market Near the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township

At present, with the chance that the city already successfully was approved as a

modern logistics demonstration city in circulation field all over the country and the

Ministry of Commerce was establishing the relevant supporting policies, the Yining

City was actively to obtain the support force of the State to the modern logistics

demonstration city, to realize the State provided priority supports to the business and

trade and logistics industries of the Yining City in all aspects such as the project

examination and approval, financial funds, tax privilege, and financial support etc..

123

The municipal government planned to establish a series of large size market projects,

to promote the economic development, at the same time to improve the employment

environment of the city, and enhance the employment resettlements capacity.

Table 2-34 Statistic Table of Yining City Planned Construction Projects

Field Name of project Construction site Scale

(mou)

Term of

building

years

(years)

Industrial products

comprehensive market

in west area of the city

with automobile as

main

At the south side of the

main canal of northern

shore, North side of the

No.218 national highway,

and East side of the No.6

team of Gangou Village.

7050 2010-2015 Large size

wholesale

market

project Comprehensive market

in the east area of the

city

At the west side of the

s220 line, and south of the

No.8660 army to the

Dongliang Street

1000 2010-2013

Business centre (I)

Business centre in

headquarters economic

zone

2010-2015

Business centre (II) Cooperation zone 2010-2015

Large size

retail market

project

Six shopping streets Old urban area 2010-2015

Special agriculture

materials market along

the S220 line

S220 line 300 2010-2013

Cit

y b

usi

ness

an

d t

rad

e lo

gis

tics

Spcial

market

projects

which match

with the large

size

Special tourism

products market along

the south ring road

South ring road 200 2010-2012

124

The comprehensive

trading market for other

light industry products

such as textiles,

apparels, and little

household electrical

appliances etc.

Cooperation zone 300 2010-2012

The city business and

trade logistics

distribution center

Within the industrial base

for the vegetables, foods,

and household electrical

appliances etc.

3000 2010-2015

wholesale

and retail

markets

The emergency system

reserve warehouse for

grain end-products, oils,

and meats etc. the living

commodities

Within the comprehensive

market in the east area of

Yining City

20-30 2010-2015

The convenient

subsidiary agricultural

products market of new

urban district

North section of the Xinyi

Road of Yining City 23 2010-2012

The convenient

subsidiary agricultural

products market of the

South Ring Road

South ring road 20 2010-2012

The convenient business

and trade corridor

market of the Tianshan

Street

From the east gate of the

farmer's market of the

Tianshan Street to the

road junction of the

Shengli Street

2010-2012

The people

convenient

market

project

Other people convenient

markets

In the residential areas

which had the building

condition

1457 2010-2015

Subtotal: 13350

Farmer's Market of

Bayandai Township Bayandai Township 21 2010-2013

bu

sin

ess

and

trad

e

log

isti

cs

Villages and

towns market

project Timber Market of

Kaerdun Township Kaerdun Township 265 2010-2013

125

Farm Products Market

of Yingyeer Township Yingyeer Township 82 2010-2013

Farmer's Market of

Tuogelake Township Tuogelake Township 20 2010-2013

Special Live Livestock

Market of Kaerdun

Township

Kaerdun Township 300 2010-2013

The rural

business and

trade

logistics

distribution

center project

8 to 16 projects

Fresh and live agricultural

products production base

of all villages and towns

800 2010-2015

Market

projects for

the "Ten

thousand

villages and

thousand

townships"

To build 235 markets

farther more

For villages and towns

and village groups of

Yining City

20 2010-2015

Subtotal: 1508

Business and trade

exhibition zone Railway station area 10500 2010-2015

Business and trade

logistics zone

No.14 plot of the Yining

International Business and

Trade Logistics Park

7845 2010-2015

Business and trade

service zone

At the west shore of

Piliqing River of Yining

City, being west to

interjunction place of the

railway and the No.218

line

3750 2016-2020

Inte

rnati

onal

bu

sines

s an

d t

rade

log

isti

cs

International

business and

trade

logistics park

Export processing zone

Being located at the west

side of the Piliqing River

of Yining City

3150 2016-2020

126

Mixing zone

Being located at east side

of the Gangou Village of

Bayandai Township of

Yining City and north side

of the railway

3600 2010-2020

Transcontainer logistics

center

Being located in the

Yining railway station

area

600 2012-2015

Airport logistics center Being located in the

Yining airport area 450 2012-2015

Three big

logistics

center

projects Industrial base type

logistics center

The five big industries

nesting zone of Yining

City

375 2012-2020

Subtotal: 30270

Informatization

platform software

project

Total 45128

Fund raising: to apply for the special fund 6.92 billion yuan of the state and the

autonomous region (occupying 30% of the total investment), the municipal financial

supporting fund (including bank loans) 300 million yuan (occupying 1.3% of the total

investment), to apply for Xinjiang building helping fund 220 million yuan (occupying

about % of the total investment), and the attracted investment 15.61 billion yuan

(occupying 67.7% of the total investment).

Data sources: the 12th-five-year planning of the Bureau of Economy and Trade of the

Yining City

2.6.2 Attitude to the project and opinions to the compensation of the expropriated

and relocated people

The project was the highway construction project planned and implemented by

the government, for the project being good to the improvement of the urban

environment and the objective of enhancing the life-quality of people, the influenced

people agreed�for some people, they might face the influence of the contracted land

being expropriated and house being relocated, the influenced people expressed that

they were willingly to coordinate the land expropriation and relocation of the project

with attitude of supporting the state building road and based on just compensation to

the loss.

The villager Wubulikasimu Aimaiti (male, age 67, Uygur) of the Huaguoshan

Village: in order to building the road, even the masjid could be pulled down, our

127

houses gave way to the road was as it should be, building road was to provide

convenience for everybody.

According to regulations, the land expropriation had land compensation, after

relocation, in addition to compensation or resettlement house, it also had settlement

allowance for moving and temporary resettlements etc.. The compensation standards

for different period were different, in general the compensation was keeping on rising.

As everybody knew it was the uniform regulation of the government, for the concrete

compensation standard, there were little which could be discussed. Still some people

put forward questions on the relocation standards, for example, at present the building

material price hiked a lot, if it was to compensate rebuilding housing, it was hoped

that the price increasing factors should be taken into account.

The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: every family

which was in land expropriation and relocation was compensated 20 thousand yaun,

including 1600 yuan moving allowance; 6000 - 7000 yuan temporary settlement

allowance. Furthermore, if a farmer had yard, shed and annex, the compensation

would be 48 thousand yuan. The house compensation ratio was 1:1.2, a 60 square

meters house could replace an 80 square meters storied building house, a house with

area being less than 60 square meters was also able to replace an 80 square meters

house.

The deputy secretary Pierdun (Uygur) and the accountant Lv (Han Nationality)

of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the railway station began

expropriating land in 2005, with 11 thousand yaun / mou, for the past years from 2005

the expropriated land was 700 - 800 mou. The cooperation zone expropriated the

North Er Road, 300 mou in the last year, 36 thousand yuan / mou, the fruit orchard

was 38 thousand yuan / mou. In this year, the Qinghua Mining Company expropriated

500 mou land, with 39 thousand yaun / mou, the vegetable garden and fruit orchard

were 48 thousand yuan.

Residents believed in that so long as the government expropriated land and

carried out relocation for building road, there would be compensation, but it was

hoped that the resettlements could be good and the compensation was adequate. To

uniform compensation standard, and to be open and transparent. When making

compensation for relocation, it should make a full negotiation and consultation with

the influenced people, should not exert authority over people. Some farmer put

forward that they hoped to make direct negotiation with the project management

office, did not hope the village cadre to act as intermediate.

The villager Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of Dongliang Village,

Kaerdun Township: if there were land expropriation and relocation, the resettlements

should be done well, and the compensation should be adequate.

128

Six farmers of the Yingayati Village said: building road was a good thing. If the

compensation had unified standards when building road, everybody would agree.

A villager (female) of the Dongliang Village: did not exert authority over people,

we needed consultation and negotiation, it should solicit our opinions. It should be

carried on only after we thought it carefully.

The laneway header Wang Zhiqiang of the Dongliang Village: it should solicit

more opinions of common people when dong land expropriation and implementation,

should not "exert authority over common people".

In the discussion meeting the landless farmers of the Dongliang Village put

forward: the relocation for building road was the need of the state, we would be sure

to provided our houses, but the public security organs, procuratorial organs and

people's courts should make forced pulling down the houses.

Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: we hoped to make negotiation

directly with the staffs of the project office, and did not hope the village acted in a

official capacity. The village cadres could not represented our benefits.

Ms. Su of the Yining City Bangyou Electromechanical Maintenance Service of

Bayandai Village: if it was to expropriate and relocate, the scheme should be

negotiated.

The consideration money should be issued to farmers directly, and should avoid

to be handled by the township and village being deducted.

Ma Tengfei (age 50, Hui Nationality) of Huaguoshan Village: for building road

and relocation, we hoped the compensation money could be issued directly to the

farmers, if the money was handled through the township government and the village,

they would deduct much money, this would not be good.

For compensation standards on enterprise relocation, it was hoped that it should

be raised by relevant departments. For relocation of enterprises and shops etc., it was

hoped that it could plan new land for building new plants and shops or it could solve

problem of employment. The cash compensation could only remedy the present

property damage, and could not guarantee the source of income for the future living

of the influenced people.

The boss Chen (age 43) of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: for

compensation of relocation, we hoped the commodity price department could put

forward a compensation standard. Of course if building road needed to occupy our

processing plant, could the government give a plot of land furthermore for building

plant?

2.6.3 Opinions of the influenced people to land expropriation

The land expropriation work of the project was not carried out yet, and

furthermore due to the boundary line of road of the project was not completely

129

determined when doing investigation, the range of land expropriation was not clear

and definite. In the investigated people of the Social Impact Assessment Group, there

were some people who were farmers whose lands were expropriated for other

projects. for some households, their contracted land was expropriated before this

project, and the compensated money to them would soon be run out, the people who

did not handle social insurance were lack of confidence for the future. The landless

farmers with big ages were active in handling social insurance, and they also reposed

their future living in the social security.

A villager (male, age 61, Uygur) of the Dongliang Village: the grandson was

already a student, the family had 4 female members. Formerly had 17 mou land

formerly, and were compensated more than 400 thousand yuan, and it was not much

for being distributed to his children. What would we do after getting old, and we did

not handle social insurance too. The compensated money was soon run out after being

issued.

Fan Xinfu (age 58, the Han nationality) of Wulasitai Village: we formerly had

cultivated land 6.9 mou, in last year, the higher level leaders said it would build the

highway from Bayandai to the railway station, and our land was already expropriated,

the compensation was 36 thousand yuan for each mou of land, we already collected

the money. Except this, there was no any other compensation. Both my wife and I

paid the endowment insurance, the endowment insurance I paid was 500 yuan per

year, it was 7500 yuan in total for 15 years, the endowment insurance my wife

selected to pay was 100 yuan per year, it was also paid for 15 years for her. At

present, I already paid 6000 yuan endowment insurance, and my wife paid 1000 yuan.

In this year, all the endowment insurance could be paid up, in a few years we could

just get paid, for me I had 100 yuan every month, and my wife had more than 90 yuan

every month. Otherwise, what could we do, we had no land, in the future the income

would switch off Now our ages were big, and we could not do hard work any more.

Due to the implementation of old-age security policy being not long, some people

were still not clear to the social security policy, and did not knew what benefits the

policy could provide to them, and still doubted about paying for the old-age security.

Wumailituo (Uygur) of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: if the road was

built, it should guarantee the work and insurance of my sons and daughters. People

who were more than 60 years old all had endowment insurance, more than 100 yuan

per month. In the past it was no any, and it just began from the present, we did not

what benefits it had yet. They deemed that they were people being more than 60 years

old, and would die not somehow, they did not knew whether their sons and daughters

could continue to enjoy the benefits or not after they died.

130

For another kind of indemnifying measure to the landless farmers, it was to

arrange the employment of landless farmers through shops (shop houses). Although

the quantity of shops in construction were relatively adequate, but the prices were still

high even if it was based on the cost price, some poor landless farmers were difficult

to buy the shops although they also hope they could own the shops, and the livestock

breeding or agriculture which were suitable to them would not have condition to be

implemented.

The deputy secretary Pierdun (Uygur) and the accountant Lv (Han Nationality)

of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the railway station began

expropriating land in 2005, with 11 thousand yaun / mou, for the past years from 2005

the expropriated land was 700 - 800 mou. The cooperation zone expropriated the

North Er Road, 300 mou in the last year, 36 thousand yuan / mou, the fruit orchard

was 38 thousand yuan / mou. In this year, the Qinghua Mining Company expropriated

500 mou land, with 39 thousand yaun / mou, the vegetable garden and fruit orchard

were 48 thousand yuan. For our village, it was mainly to buy minimum living security

for landless farmers according to the files of the municipal government, for the cost

price shops (one mou of land could replaced 2 square meters of area of shop), there

were more than 100 sets at present, all landless farmers of township could have

chance to be distributed, but even the minimum shop was 60 square metres, many

farmers could not afford it, the market price was 2500 yuan / square meter, it was at

least 150 thousand yuan for one set. The expropriated mou of land could only

compensate partial of the shop, this would cause some problem. For most poor

landless farmer, they had no means of purchasing the shop, only those who had

economic strength could purchase the shop, while the poor households already had no

breeding base and cultivated land which they needed.

Some farmers reflected that in the last few years, for the landless farmers, some

people's living standard were enhanced, while some other people 's living were not

good. Some people put forward that the government should arrange work for the sons

and daughters of landless farmers.

Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: in the recent years, many lands of

the village were expropriated. Most of farmers became poor after several years, at

present they could only live on minimum living allowance. For some people who

were good at operating, after collecting the compensated money, they enhanced their

living, but this kind of people were very few.

The low-income family discussion meeting of Dongliang Village (5 people

participated in): if the government was able to arrange well the works for our sons and

daughters, and make them have source of living, than we agreed the land

expropriation.

131

The East Urban Enriching and Housing Project Office of Kaerdun Township,

Yining City ever did household investigation to 450 expropriated households,

collected the opinions of them to the land expropriation and relocation, these opinions

could be reference to this project, of which the most were in accordance with the

investigation findings of the Social Impact Assessment Group (to see the table 2 - 35).

these opinions mainly were: queried the land and building evaluation opinions,

thought the evaluated price were on the low side (1, 3, and 10); the problems of

employment and income after land expropriation (2, 5, and 11); after moving into a

storied building, the housing expense increased (5), and living was inconvenient (9);

the problems of starter home house (6, 12) and resettlements house (7) etc..

Table 2 - 35 Summary sheet of solicited opinions from the land expropriation

households of the east urban new district group of Yining City

No. Opinions or suggestion of expropriate households

Number (of

households)

giving the

opinion

Proportion

(%)

1

The land of our village was evaluated being third class land,

but we take it that the land of our village belongs to the first

class land. (Reason: our village is suburban village, the

nature of the land is good.)

450 100

2 After this time of land expropriation, how is the problem of

employment of ours solved? 430 98

3

At present the evaluation prices to the relocated houses are

too low which are not in conformity with the reality�it

should raise the price and pay in one shot.

420 97

4 Farmers are hard to accept the urbanization idea. 400 90

5

At present the family lives on own workmanship and

breeding, after moving into a storied building, how the living

can be kept (especial for: special poor households and low-

income families. Because it will pay the heating fee, gas fee,

and management fee etc.)

365 87

6

During the period from the relocation to the new subzone

being built up, there are no temporary resettlements house.

At present, the resettlements problem for 80 households are

hard to be solved, if the rented resettlements house is too far

away, it will be inconvenient for children going to school.

360 85

7 Can we move into the east urban new district of Yining City

in this year? 368 83

8

The funds are not get in place, so some farmers are in

hesitate. Many farmers influence the smooth progress of the

land expropriation work, at present the land expropriation

work is in the stop position basically, the farmers require the

nature of the cultivated land to be changed and to plant other

335 70

132

species.

9

The present house condition can only be transferred into one

set of storied building house, while for some farming

households, their sons and daughters lived with their parent

together after marriage. For single-story building, living

together is fine, but living in a storied building house is not in

conformity with the ethnic customs.

265 65

10

As the first issued evaluation price was too low, for land

expropriation or development, we directly negotiate the price

with the developer, to help the farming households enhancing

the land price.

67 32

11 For many breeding farmers, it is how to arrange the animal

husbandry. 79 28

12

At present farmers who have signed contracts are ready to

pull down the houses, but as the funds do not get in place,

they have no rent allowance and have no means of finding

and renting houses.

32 20

13

As the land board did not handle land certificates in the last

few years, some farmers did not have land certificates, what

can these farmers do?

45 18

14

For this time of land expropriation, are there any issued land

expropriation files of the Central, Xinjiang, and Yili

Prefecture.

15 9

2.6.3 Opinions of the influenced people to relocation

The opinions of the influenced people to the house relocation were relatively

centered mainly in the several problems of building well the resettlements house,

being willingly to live in the single-story building and not willing to live in a storied

building after relocation, and arranging shops (shop houses) etc.. As many houses

which were involved in the relocations for the road extention were housing

concurrently the shops, the relocation not only influenced the living of the relocated

family, but also influenced the employment and household income of the family.

� The compensation for relocation firstly was to satisfy the housing demand

After house relocation, it was hoped that the resettlements house could be lived in

as early as possible.

Villagers of Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township (it was the Laoer Road at the

front of the gate): at present many people's land or house were expropriated for

development, the compensations were already collected, but there were no land and

also any place to live, did not know what could be the source of living. Hope it could

give house for compensation, no house to live would be a worse thing.

133

Some people put forward that for the family they have sons or have many sons or

daughters, whether it could give resettlements storied building houses according to

each son a set of resettlements storied building house or not.

The expropriation and relocation should cause the change of familiar neighbourhood

relationship. Some people put forward they hoped for the people they lived in a same

lane, after resettlements, they could still live near together and could take care of each

other.

Photograph 2 - 13 Housing at side of the Laoer Road

� The resettlements houses should be built up as soon as possible, or make

clear and definite the location, and shorten the transition period of the

migrant resettlements.

As in the previous project relocation, the resettlements work did not keep the

step of the project, causing that the house already was pulled down but the relocated

household could not get the resettlements house for long time, some people rented

house for several years, some people even run out their consideration money, and

finally they had no more money to buy the resettlements house. For this influence,

partial residents were worried that this project would also occur relocation without

house to live, so they demanded to know the location of their resettlements houses

before relocation.

The laneway header Bubinisha (Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun

Township: we already hand over our house, what the house would be and what our

134

sons and daughters would do in the future, at present if it could make clear where the

house was, where the house property certificate was, I, as a laneway header, then

could said to the residents with administration of mine.

No.362, Dongliang Street, Dongliang Village (a woman): building road would be

fine, but the compensation and resettlements should be clear and definite. At present

some people in our village still did not get the resettlements house after relocation. A

relation of mine, the house was expropriated, but still did not get the resettlements

house till now. for the expropriated house, it should make clear and definite the

location of the resettlements house to be replaced, the unit number, story number, and

door number, let us have a seeing.

The landless farmer discussion meeting of the Yingayati Village (6 Uygur

farmers participated in the meeting): at present our house already was pulled down,

while there were no any information about the storied building house, now we had no

land and house, the previous compensation money already was run out a part.

The low-income family discussion meeting of Dongliang Village (5 people

participated in): in our village, some people's land were expropriated. But after

replacing the storied building house, the storied building had not been built yet, while

the money already was run out.

Due to land expropriation and relocation, there were many family renting house

for temporary transition, in some place, the house rental fees were also on the rise. If

the resettlements houses were not able to be built up in time, it should influence the

living of residents seriously.

Director of the National People's Congress of Kaerdun Township: the whole city

was in big relocation, the prices for renting houses were soaring, we issued 6000 yuan

allowance for house rent for a farmer each year, at present even 10 thousand yuan

could not rent a house.

� Residents with one-story house and yard hoped to replace the single-story

building instead of the storied building

The residents with one-story houses and yards generally did not hope to move

into a storied building house after relocation. At present most of them had one-story

houses and yards, where they could engaged in agricultural and sideline products

production, operate shop houses, and plant vegetable etc., when guests come to their

home, the accommodation would be convenient. While living in a storied building,

some women had to give up agricultural and sideline products production, such as

raising livestock, poultry, and planting vegetable etc.. The ceremonial activities of

ethnic minorities of Uygur and Hui Nationality etc. were many, often guests would

come to their homes and stay, a storied building house would appear narrow. For a

storied building, it would pay management fee, and heating fee etc., for low-income

135

families, it would be a large expense. Therefore, the minority low-income families

complained a lot especially for pulling down one-story house and moving into a

storied building.

But for the present condition, due to all the villages and towns involved in the

project area being at the edge of the urban area, they were in the range of the overall

planning of the urban development, in the recent several years, the land expropriation

quantity was large, according to planning, there already had no possibility or the

possibility being less and less for the village giving house sites to let the relocated

villagers at the roadside rebuilding one-story house and yard, in the Kaerdun

Township, at present all relocated houses were replaced with storied building houses.

If some people wanted to live in one-story houses by all means, they might face the

situation of leaving the local site and finding places somewhere else (the other

townships and counties which were far from the urban district) to buy lands and build

houses.

The landless farmer discussion meeting of the Yingayati Village (6 Uygur

farmers participated in the meeting): living in the one-story house was fine, if living

in a storied building had more expense and there were no fixed salaries, they would

have no means of paying heating fee, and management fee etc. the general expenses.

If it was living in the one-story house, it was able to rearing cattle, raising sheep, and

keeping hens, while moving into a storied building, there was no way to do these, they

had no interests in the storied building houses. For a 70-80 square-metre one-story

house, it could be lived in together for 2-3 families (parents, son, and daughter-in-law

etc.), while it was unsuitable for a storied building house, and there was no way for

them to accept living in a storied building house.

Bahaerguli (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: for our

women, when the road was built up, there would be no way of planting vegetable,

when they moved into the storied building houses, they could only lie, and could not

do other work, and they heard of that it should pay 1000 yuan heating fee a year, for

one year it would pay 5000 yuan, living in the storied building was very expensive,

for all these we could adapt, if only the road was able to be well built.

The director of the National People's Congress of Kaerdun Township: most

farmers had no interests in living in a storied building, some households have many

people, several sons all lived together after getting married, for living in a storied

building, these so many people would be no good. The second was, in a storied

building, it could not do breeding, such as raising sheep or rearing cattle.

Furthermore, the living cost in a storied building would also increase, such as natural

gas fee and parking fee etc.. Some farmers were not able to keep the step of

urbanization. We could learn from the Dadamutu Township, they built one-story

136

houses for the relocated households, it was able to look for places to build one-story

house for resettlements.

Li Hanyu (Han Nationality) of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the

family had 5 people, the yard was obtained by buying, being about 20 thousand yuan,

and little more than one mou, building houses spent about more than one hundred

thousand yuan. The family had three daughters, doing work in the city for others, and

another one was learning in a senior high school. The main income was from raising

chickens, the poultry house was about 600 to 700 square metres. For the several years

past, the income was all right, being about 20-30 thousand yuan, if it was to be

relocated, what would they do in the future, in the storied building, there was no way

of raising chickens.

� A part of street-front householders hoped it could pull down only half part

and the left half part could rebuild shop houses.

For householders who lived in street-front houses and had relatively large yards,

they hope it could expropriate a half of their lands and leave another half part of land,

where they could continue to build houses in-situ, especially they could utilize the

street-front advantage to continue to build shop houses and engage in business

operation. For these kinds of residents for whom it might only expropriate one half of

their yard, most of them hoped money compensation, and they did not want the

resettlements houses.

The villager Nuermaimaiti Yasen (40 age, Uygur, lived at front of the Xingfu

Street) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the family had 6 members,

doing foreign trade business. The area of the whole yard was 2 mou, which was

bought in 2000 with 75 thousand yuan, and they began building houses in 2010, the

houses were not already been built up. The supported the decision of the state,

building road was good to everybody. But they hope their demands could be satisfied,

to expropriate only half of their land, taking it into account that they wanted to

building houses in the yard in the future, they did not want the house compensation,

they wanted money compensation.

The villager Wubulikasimu Aimaiti (age 67, Uygur) of the Huaguoshan Village:

when building road in Dongliang Village, one half part of my yard was expropriated.

The expropriated land of mine was 0.09 mou, five two-storied-building houses, the

total compensation was 130 thousand yaun, for the compensation to the road building

in Dongliang Village, everybody felt the compensation was suitable. For the present

houses, someone ever wanted to buy with 500 thousand yuan, but I did not want to

sell. For compensation, I wanted money, to build houses at the other place or build

multi-storied building houses at the left area after land expropriation and relocation.

137

Abudurexiti (age 50, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village: the whole family had 13

members, being two brethren families. The area of the yard was 2 mou. It was hoped

that some more land could be left when doing land expropriation, wanting to build

houses in the yard in the future yet.

Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: the family had 10 members (father,

younger brother etc. three families), 0.9 mou of house site, having three shop houses

being rented out, respectively as store, barber shop, and telecommunication shop.

Having 20 mou of lands, being planted with sugar beet, wheat, and corn, the annual

income was about 30 thousand yuan. Up to the present, the investment already

reached 300 thousand yuan to build cold storage building for apple and vegetable

fresh-keeping, the entry of the cold storage building at the roadside. If the left part be

able to one half, we hoped it could maintain some part. Even if it was only to

expropriated one half, the cold storage building would be sure to be influenced. We

hoped money compensation, and we would not get used to living in a storied building,

we could look for other place for building hoses. For land expropriation and

relocation, we had no more opinions, if only the compensation was reasonable, and

justice, we would be satisfied, and also we would not price it out of the market.

� For the expanded road, it was to mark and make relocation from the left side

or the right side of the center line should be decided only after weighing

For the road extension of this time of project, it was mainly to be carried out

based on the old roads, the left side and the right side landscape, vegetative cover, and

buildings of the original road had some differences, to relocate the left side or the

right side would have different influence to the residents, and the removal cost would

also have differences. In Kebokeyuzi Township, the influenced people paid much

attention to the expanding direction of the Laoyi Road, an equalizing extension at the

both sides of the center line was not hoped. At present, the width of the Laoyi Road

was 8 meters, there were 50 meters involved in the planning, its extension would

impact the resident housing, cultivated land, canal, and enterprises, and a plot of

graveyard of villagers would also be impacted.

The township party committee secretary: we hoped the road could be expanded

to the west side, as at the east side the resident houses were many, and there was also

an antiseepage canal which had been applied for a state project and was just built up

(afterwards according to our observation, the antiseepage canal was 2 meters about to

the road, while there was the cultivated land at the west side.

The staffs of the township enterprise office: at the west side, there were

enterprises, including 1 winery, 1 food products factory, and 1 hygienic chopsticks

factory, expanding to the west side, the three factories all were involved in relocation.

For the winery and the food products factory, although the production shops were not

138

able to be influenced after the road extension, the relocation influenced the

arrangement of the sanitation and fire-prevention facilities in the factories, it might

cause the sanitation and the fire protection being not able to come up to the standards

for the relocation and having no means of doing production.

A villager: there was our graveyard at the west side, being about 200 meters long

and 100 meters wide, if the road expanded all to the west side, it would put a

considerable impact to the graveyard, the existing road surface was 10 meters, I hoped

it could expand to the east side 20 meters, in this way the west side would be

expanded some little, then the graveyard could be maintained some more.

Another villager: in despite of expanding to the west side or the east side, the

graveyard would be impacted, there was a fruit orchard behind the graveyard, could it

be possible to give the compensation money to the fruit orchard and line out an equal

area in the fruit orchard to make up the graveyard.

� Hoped to be replaced with shop houses or arrange employment

As a compensation or resettlements mode, the villagers who would move into the

storied building for relocation also hoped they could be provided shop houses for

doing business to get a source of living. The people who had shop houses hoped their

houses could be replaced with or they could be arranged with shop houses for

continuing to operate shops. There also some people putting forward that it could

provide long term stable works for their sons or daughters.

Bubinisha (female, 37 years old, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun

Township: her house was at the roadside, faced to be relocated possibly. Her family

had four members, her husband, one son and one daughter. She said: in yard, it could

raise sheep, when they moved into the storied building, raising sheep would be

unsuitable. It was advisable to provide a shop house for supporting the family. My

husband was not in good health, if it was able to compensate with a shop house, then

we could operate a shop, and keep the pot boiling. Hoped it could provide

employment to their son and daughter.

Kuerbanjiang (age 39, Uygur, lived at the side of the Xingfu Street, disability) of

the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the family had 4 members, with three

children being students. The house site area was 0.3 mou, having five houses in total,

and one house was a street-side house, being used by himself for operating a dime

store, the whole family lived on the income from the store, the net income in one

month could reach 700-800 yuan. At present we did not want to buy a house, but we

supported building road very much, the market price for the whole yard and the

houses were about 250 thousand yuan at present. If it was to expropriate my yard, I

hoped the whole yard was expropriated, and were willing to replace the house, the

precondition was the shop house should be solved.

139

A villager (it was the Laoer Road at the front of the gate) of Dongliang Village,

Kaerdun Township: hoped the source of living could be solved after the house

expropriation and relocation. It was advisable not to build this road, if expropriation,

it should arrange well the works of our sons and daughter.

� For enterprise relocation, hoped it could select site near for reconstruction.

According to preliminary investigation, the project involved relatively few

expropriated enterprises, but there were still one or two enterprises their land would

be expropriated, such as the Yili Xinlong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in

Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township. If the land of enterprise was expropriated, it

should have to select other site for rebuilding, they hoped it could make

reconstruction at the near place, and also hoped the local government could offer to

help.

The Manager Ma of the Yili Xinlong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: we

rented the land of the land board of the Yining City, being five mou land, more than

3300 square meters, there were more than 20 workers, they all were local people,

including Uygur, Kazak and Hui nationalities, also laid-off worker were included, the

hired people all were native. Their salaries were about 3000 yuan, the annual income

of the company was about 2 million yuan. The road condition here was relatively

good, just for the road being a little narrow, the road was relatively safe. If it was to

make relocation, it would be trouble, the machine tools were trouble, many houses

here were built up through myself. I had already operated the company for 6 years,

had invested the workshop building for 500 thousand yuan, being concrete ground,

building the ground used great effort, there were more than 20 units of equipment in

the workshop, the whole construction costed 700-800 thousand yuan. I heard of ahead

that building road would occupy a half of the workshop building, then to that time, the

factory should have to be moved I hoped it could provided a plot of other land near.

The present geographic position of the factory was satisfied, being relatively close to

the Xinyuan, Nileke and power station. For machine manufacturing, our factory was

the biggest in Yining, and manufactured products for exporting, and served for big

factory and mining enterprises, and also produce products for enterprises in Xinjiang,

and we also ever manufactured tablet slicer, and ever manufactured natural gas

machinery for Kazakhstan. If relocation, it should compensate my early investment,

the moving should at took one or two months, the loss in this period should also be

compensated, and the loss to rebuild the factory, for cement, in 2005 when we built

the factory, it was 170-180 yuan per bag, at present it was more than 500 yuan per

bag.

140

On the other side, the most characteristics of the Yining City area were all

classes of diverse and fine folk house building, the culture and custom of alleyways

were the living environment of the residents, and were also the advantages to attract

tourists. The ordinary common people of Yining City had clear understanding to the

feature of their own city and were very reluctant to leave. The residents hoped the

building of the road would not change the dwelling landscape of residents at both

sides too much, and maintain the feature of the Yining City.

Photograph 2 - 14 Gaming children at the Laoer Road

141

2.6.4 Suggestion on employment and social security

At present the residents of the Yining City engaged in more and more production

fields and the sources of income already got increasingly diversified, the citizens took

the handicraft industry and commercial production as an important development

approach.

Table 2 - 36 Sequencing of development demands in the ethnic minority women's

discussion meeting of Bayikuoqia Community (PRA diagram)

Sequencing

of demands

Children

going to

school

Operating

shop

To develop

farming

To develop

handicraft

industry

To develop

livestock

breeding

Candy * ○○○○○

○○○○○

○○○○○

○○○○

○○○

○○○

○○○○○

○○○

○○○○○

○○

Candy

number 10 9 6 8 7

Sequencing 1 2 5 3 4

But for some farmers, the planting and livestock breeding were still their main

production modes, the development approach which they could select freely were still

less.

The farmers' discussion meeting of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township:

The investigator asked: if you had money, what would you want to do (provided

giving you 100 thousand yuan, what would you want to do most)?

R: We were farmers, could invest to do farming, I had 5 sons.

Y: Could buy 10 cows to develop livestock breeding.

A: Could buy two cars for operating taxicab.

The farmers' lands were expropriated and relocated, the one-story houses were

replaced with a storied building houses, actually it meant that the mode of production

of the farming and livestock breeding changed, they would gradually become a

townspeople who engaged in diversified production, operating, and dwelling in a

storied building from a farmer who depended on the cultivated land. The methods of

all levels of governments of the Yining City for the landless farmers, were mainly to

build all classes of markets, provide supporting policies, and increase the job

opportunities for farmers; to build breeding base and vegetable greenhouse etc., to

support the landless farmers getting employment; to strengthen employment training,

and enhance the employability of landless farmers; to settle the social security, mainly

the old-age security, to get rid of the worry source of the farmers.

142

The township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: along with gradual developing

outwards of economy, the villager were influenced most. At present, the township

enterprises were mainly the plastic, plastic-steel, benzene adhesive plate, and wood

processing factories, and brick making plant etc.. The landless farmers after land

expropriation and relocation were many, such as the Dongliang Village building

secondhand car market, timber trade market, secondhand market, handicraft market,

flower trade market, and cattle rearing base etc.. For landless farmers, we had many

policies and measures, such as to provide endowment insurance, and landless

insurance etc..

The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village: to build a Farmer's Market near the

resettlements community, with the shop area being 30-40 square meters, 2100 yuan

per square meters, while the market price was 4800 yuan, it was estimated that the

market could be built up in the first half year of the next year. It also would build

breeding base and vegetable greenhouses for landless farmers, which were about 8

kilometers away to the community.

Wumailituo (Uygur) of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: after the farmers

collected their settlement allowance, they could buy motorcycles, automobiles, some

people wanted to build home houses, and if some people still wanted to do farming,

they could buy land. For the shop houses, there were only 10-15% people who could

enjoy, the people who had no cattle, sheep, and did breeding would have no means of

enjoying.

Quite a few landless farmers who had no shop houses before, also hoped they

could own a shop house being as a income source of living in the future, and they

were willing to buy with cost price to settle the employment and income of the family.

Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of the Second Group of the Dongliang

Village: at present the family had 5 members, my wife, two children and a sister. One

child was learning in a university, the elder daughter stayed at home after graduation

last year. His sister was a disable person, did not marry, lived with my family, and had

minimum living allowance, 76 yuan per month. I drove vehicle for boss in outside

with monthly earnings of 1500 yuan. My wife did odd jobs in the Yining City. After

our land being expropriated (for other project), we hoped it could provide us a shop

house. Now we already had no cultivated land, what would we do in the future? I

heard of that it would build shop houses in the eastern suburbs market, and we hoped

it could distribute a shop house to us with cost price.

The Hui nationality farmers put forward that it could settle the problem of

employment for the Hui nationality residents through building Hui nationality feature

food and drink market.

143

Hu Wanmin of the Second Group of the Dongliang Village: for our opinions and

suggestion on this project, it could build Hui nationality feature food and drink

market, to sell Hui nationality fried dough twist, wheaten sheep lung food and

authentic Hui feast dishes with 9 dishes placed in three rows and columns, in this way

it could settle the problem of employment for local Hui nationality farmers.

Some people put forward that the government should arrange works for the sons

or daughters of the relocated households. But in fact, the employment already got

marketization for a long time, it was impossible for the government to settle the

problem of employment for the numerous landless people through arrangement, and

the government required the job seekers going to the employment market by

themselves, the government could provide employment information, and increase job

opportunities through improving economic and social environment. At the landless

farmer discussion meeting of Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township, some people put

forward that they hoped they could be arranged with jobs, and it caused a very big

dispute, most people thought as the capacity, knowledge, and ages were different, it

was very difficult for the government to arrange works in uniform. Some people put

forward that they hoped they could enter in enterprises to engage in stable work, the

government could do more things in the aspects of strengthening the skill training,

providing employment information, and introducing job posts etc..

The duty suspended cadre of Yingayati Village: it should arrange works for the

relocated households, it was advisable to issue allowance every month for them (that

was to say the salary). There also had some factories here, but they were running for a

moment, and then shut down for a moment, so there were not many people who were

willing to work there, when there were works to do they would have money, and

when there were no work to do they would have no any source of living. If it was

possible to let these people who had no works to do have long term contracts and have

fixed works (even if they did not provide the five insurances and one fund (that was to

say the old-age insurance, medicare insurance, unemployment insurance, injury

insurance and child-bearing insurance, and housing accumulation fund)), they could

provide the three insurances and one fund (that was to say the old-age insurance,

medicare insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund) would

be fine) they would be willing to work. Here the people were used not to let their sons

and daughters go out for working.

The laneway header of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street Office and

the low-income families held a discussion meeting: the employment of our area were

not good, almost all of them lived as unskilled labour. We supported your this project,

especially if the problems of the school roads and buses were solved, we would be

every happy. Almost all of us were laid-off workers of enterprises, we also wanted to

144

live depending on own selves, we also want to work, so let us enter into enterprise for

working would solve the problem of our employment. At present we were not in the

central area, so even odd jobs were difficult to get.

The cadres of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township put forward that, the

government could implement award policies to encourage farmers operating

agritainment, investing enterprises, to increase the employment posts.

The secretary of Dongliang Village: after the road was built up, the residents at

the both sides of the road wanted to operate agritainment, it was hoped that it could

give some award funds, even there was only 1000 yuan would be fine, it could show

the supporting of the government, many residents were not really want to get that

1000 yuan money, they wanted to feel that they had the support of the government,

then they would make big investment to enterprises, and the employment problem

would be solved. There had this kind of policies, but at present they had not been

implemented.

The social security for the landless farmers were very important, to pay for old-

age pension was a kind of their security for their future living.

Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of the Second Group of the Dongliang

Village: hoped to handle endowment insurance, there should have a security in the

future always.

The landless farmer's discussion meeting of the Dongliang Village also put

forward whether it could bring them into the town minimum living range or not, as

they had no land; to provide petty loan with the guarantee of the government to them

to make production.

2.7 The substance and culture resource distribution within the

project area and the impact which might caused by the project

The Yining City owns numerous culture and cultural relics and historic sites,

there are the Liuxing Street, Yili Street, Ayidun Street, and Qianjin Street the 4

historical culture street blocks. In July, 2009, the Yining City was approved as the

"Famous Historical and Cultural City of Autonomous Region". According to the

result of the third time of general cultural relic investigation, in the Yining City, there

are 46 units for preservation of cultural relics in total, of which the country-level key

cultural relics preservation unit is one, the autonomous regional level key cultural

145

relics preservation units are 5, the prefectural level cultural relics preservation units

are 6, and the city level key cultural relics preservation units are 34; the non-

removable cultural relics are 9, the historical buildings are 44, and old trees and

famous trees are 107.

One country-level key cultural relics preservation unit:

The Three Regions Revolution Government and Political Culture Event Center,

is located in the people's park of the Yining City. Its east-to-west length is 100 meters,

the south-to-north width is 53 meters, and the covered area is about 5330 square

metres, including the reviewing stand, outdoor theater and stage the three parts. It is

an important historical site and representative building in modern times.

Five autonomous regional level key cultural relics preservation units:

The abandoned Golden Dome Temple site: is situated on a hill at the place being

4.5 kilometers to the northeast suburbs of the Yining City, also under the name

"Guerza Temple". It was built by the Elute Mongolian Junggar Force in the Qing

Dynasty, was the biggest Mongolian Tibetan Buddhism building in the northwest

region at that time, also known as "Guerzadugang". At present the building ruin is

already invisible, only a square stereobate exists, the perimeter is about 700 meters,

and the height is about 3 meters.

The martyr memorial park with the martyr Ahemaitijiang etc.: is located in the

people's park of the Yining City, including the martyrs' mausoleum zone and the

museum the two parts.

The abandoned government site of the Three Regions Revolution: is located in

the yard of the military sub-district at the Jiefang Road, was established in the late

Qing Dynasty. In 1937, it was the headquarters station of the Government Yili Station

and Cultivation Commissioner Office. Now there are four buildings in existing, the

total floor area is 1524 square metres. The main body of the buildings has kept their

natural form to the present.

The Shaanxi Big Masjid: is located at the south side of the East Xinhua Road,

Yining City, and the east side of the municipal people's hospital. with area of 3000

square metres, the architectural composition and style imitated the Huajue Lane

Masjid of Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, being a building with the typical Chinese

traditional pavilion style combining the Arabian ornament style. The big masjid

consists of the gate to masjid, worship hall, east lecture hall, and north lecture hall etc.

the individual buildings.

Baitula masjid minaret: is located at the East Xinhua Road, Yining City. It was

said that it was built in 1773, it was the first masjid built in Yili with the direct

allocation of the Qing Government. The floor area of the masjid is about 1800 square

metres, it consists of the minaret, worship hall, and lecture hall. At present, except the

146

minaret, both the worship hall and the lecture hall already were pulled down, at the in-

situ, a modern masjid with moslem architectural style was already built up.

6 Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefectural level cultural relics preservation

units, of which 5 are modern important historical sites and representative

buildings.

Dunmailimaza, is located at the West Xinhua Road, Yining City, being an

ancient tomb of the Qing Dynasty.

An old residence of the Bay (rich man) Tudahong, is located at the No.3, Yili

Street, Yining City, being built in 1931.

The old residence of the Bay (rich man) Taximaimaiti, is located at the No.8,

Lane No.3, Shengli Street, Yining City, being built in 1932.

A former site of the China and Soviet Union civil aviator training contingent, is

located in the Yining airport, being built in 1936.

A former site of the Russia (Soviet Union) consulate in Yili, is located in the Yili

Hotel at the Yingbin Road, Yining City, being built in 1881.

An old residence of Ahemaitijiang at the West Xinhua Road, is located inside

prefectural party school at the West Xinhua Road, Yining City, being built in 1948.

In addition, there are the Huining ancient city wall ruin (located in the Gangou

Village, Bayandai Town), Lin Zexu Memorial Hall (located in the economic

cooperation zone), Han Princess Memorial Hall, Firedrake Hole (situated at the

Xishan mountain of Tiechanggou, Bayandai Township), and Great Yili River Bridge

etc. the places of historic interest and scenic beauty.

With the preliminary investigation of the Social Impact Assessment Group,

along the line no any abovementioned substance and culture resources are involved in

the extension and improvement project road.

147

3. Main conclusion and suggestion

3.1 Main conclusion

The project was a urban traffic improvement project, it was involved in the road

extenstion, improvement, and newbuilding, the public transit facility building and

improvement, and enhancement of public transit service and traffic management

staffs. With the investigation and evaluation of the Social Impact Assessment Group,

it was deemed that the assessment of the people influenced by the project on the

public transit condition of the Yining City at present coincided with the problems

which would be solved by the project objectives, for the extension and improvement

roads which were involved in the project, quite a few existed relatively much

problem, and already were listed in the planning for a long time, they had been looked

forward to by the influenced people for a long time. Most of influenced people had

sufficient understanding and were affirmative to the positive influence of the project,

and they expressed supporting the implementation of the project. Nearly half the

influenced people already obtained and knew the project information from different

channels, the village cadres, staffs of grass roots, and religious people etc. of the

project area all expressed that they were willingly to give publicity to the project in

the residents, and coordinate the problems which would probably encountered in the

process of project implementation, to make the project be able to smoothly progress.

For the negative impact of the project, they mainly existed that the land

expropriation and relocation had impact to the production and living of the migrants,

and the project would give inconvenient in a short period to the traffic of the project

area during the project implementation. For impact of the land expropriation and

relocation to the migrants, in addition to the short-term relocation inconvenience,

resettlements difficulty, and compensation negotiating, the bigger influence was the

relocation would make the production and life style of partial migrants changed

involuntarily, including to waive the mode of production with planting and breeding

as main before to be changed into the production with business and trading and doing

works for others as main, and to waive the habitual one-story house any yard

residential life style to move into a storied building unit house. At the same time, the

alleyways and yards landscape of partial area might be changed along with the

expanding of road, accessible traffic, and building of commercial and civil storied

buildings, somehow the characteristics of the area (Yining) city landscape were

reduced. With adequate measures, some negative influences could be reduced.

148

3.2 Potential income of the people influenced by the project

The project would improve the whole traffic conditions of the Yining City,

especially the public traffic condition, accordingly improve the traffic environment of

the Yining City, optimize the economic and social development infrastructure of the

city, at time of enhancing the resident outgoing efficiency, increasing the outgoing

convenience, immediacy, and comfort degree, it would also play a promotion role in

the aspects of increasing the residents' development chance, improving the

employment environment, and enhancing the life-quality. Therefore, the whole city

residents all would be the potential beneficiaries of the project. The government of the

city would also become the potential beneficiary for the project promoting the local

economic and social development, at the same time, the traffic management, traffic

safety supervision and control departments of the government would also obtain

preferable working performance for the project being going to enhance the traffic

efficiency and safety, so the government and the relevant departments were the

proponents and active promoters.

In the project area, as the traffic conditions was improved, the project promoted

the improvement of enterprise investment environment, increased the people flow and

logistics quantity, upgraded the tourism service level, thus promoted the local

economic development, increased the job opportunities for the local residents, and

enhanced the income and living standards of the residents.

The residents who lived and worked along the project road line and had higher

road usage ratio would have more apparent benefits, including the outgoing being

more convenient and faster, safe, sanitation, being convenient for patient going to a

doctor, children going to school, and resident doing shopping, and enhancing the life-

quality of residents; for the middle school students and pupils who often went to

school along the project road, due to road widening increasing the safety of outgoing,

bus lines being extended and optimized service, going to school was more convenient;

the public traffic drivers and stewards also were improved their working environment

and increased the safety of travelling for the project.

3.3 The potential negative impacts on the people influenced by the

project

For the apparent negative impacts, the first was the land expropriation and

relocation of the project had impacts to the production and living of the migrant

households, the second was during the period of project implementation, the traffic

149

and resident outgoing in partial area should have short term difficulty. In the long run,

the project might change the city landscape.

� Influence of expropriation and relocation

Residents who lived in the project area (including these along the newbuilt and

expanded roads, and at the locations of newbuilt bus stops and public traffic reserved

areas etc.), their cultivated lands, houses, and shop houses etc. were relocated or

expropriated for the project implementation, such as the residents of the Bayandai

Village and the New Village along the the new village road (expanded) of the

development zone, residents of the Wulasi Village, Dadamutu Township who lived

along the Daobeiweiyi Road, and residents of the Hanbin Township along the

newbuilt roads of the stretch of the West Xinhua Road, and the Wuhan Road etc., they

faced land expropriation and relocation. with the several expanded roads in the east

urban district, some residents of 5 villages of the Kaerdun Township were impacted

by the land expropriation and relocation.

For the land expropriation and relocation, it should make compensation and give

security according to the system, at the same time the living and production

environment of migrantion would probably be changed therefore. With cultivated

land reducing, the farming income would be impacted, the mode of production of

partial farmers would be changed; after house relocation, the relocated people would

experience the relocation and resettlements process, for most of people who lived in

the one-story house, when moving in the planning resettlements storied building

houses, their life style and neighborhood relationship might be changed; after being

resettled into a storied building, the living cost would be increased, partial low income

people would bear more heavy economic pressures; after farmers moving in a storied

building, the family livestock breeding and yard economy etc. would be difficult to be

done near, the income from these would probably get reduced; for the ethnic minority

families with many family members and many etiquette and custom activities, when

they moving in a storied building from a one-storey house, the difficulty for them to

adapt to the new life style would be big. The migrants would have a transition period

to adapt the new changes.

For the shop houses along the line of the project which faced being relocated, the

employment and income of the working personnel of the shops might be impacted for

the relocation, such as the villages of the Huaguoshan Village and Dongliang Village

of the Kaerdun Township. Due to the scale of shops along the line of the project being

relatively small, and the land expropriation for expanding roads was limited, the

influenced relevant people were very few.

For the small self-employed individual business households who rented houses

at the side of roads for operating in the project area, if the rented shop houses were

150

relocated, the operators who rented houses for operating would obtain relatively less

business compensation.

� Influence of the project construction period

The influenced people were mainly the residents who lived in the project area

and the nearby area, the project implementation would make outgoing inconvenient

and stop-and-go traffic etc.�and as well as noise and dust etc. the environmental

impacts, and the large size construction vehicles would bring about potential safety

hazard.

During the construction period, the personnel coming and going and goods

getting in-and-out etc. of the units, enterprises, and business households in the project

area would be impacted, for the operation of business households, they would be

influenced probably for the customer flow reducing.

As the most of the improved, expanded, and newbuilt project roads were at the

old suburbs of the east urban area and the development zone etc. where the population

density was relatively low or at the urban and rural connecting areas�there roads

which were involved in urban areas were mainly the stretch of the Guangming Street

and the No.11 Community roads, basically they all did not belong to traffic main

arteries of the urban areas, the influenced areas and people were relatively limited.

Furthermore, the construction period only had short-term influence, when the

construction work was completed, these kinds of negative impact would get

eliminated, in return it would be apparent improvement of traffic enviroment,

basically the people who are influenced most would also be the people who had the

most benefits, therefore these influenced people generally expressed that they could

accept these influences.

� Impact on the city landscapes

In the long run, along with the road expanding, accessible traffic, and building of

the commercial and civil storied building groups, the alleyways and yards landscapes

of partial areas might be changed, somehow it would reduce the characteristic urban

architecture and cultural landscape of the Yining City. Of course, the range of the

urban areas involved in the project was relatively small, they were mainly the linking

area of city and township in the city suburb, the project would impact the city

landscape limited after all. But in the project design and implementation, it should pay

attention to keeping and developing the alleyways and yards city landscape with rich

folk features of the Yining City as much as possible, and it was also hoped that in the

future development the Yining City should pay more attention to this.

In general, the project had large positive influence, the people who were

benefited were broadly, the passive impacts mainly was to the partial residents who

151

were expropriated and relocated in the project area, and partial people near the project

area who might be influenced for the project construction.

3.4 Measures to reduce the negative impacts

3.4.1For the project the influenced people enjoyed the right to know, right to

participate in, and right to supervise

The right to know for the influenced people to the project included to know the

project and to know the negative impacts which might be caused by the project

probably and the preparation for the project in advance. The adequate knowing would

make the influenced people preferably coordinate and effectively participate in the

project implementation, to make the negative impact being reduced down to

minimum. The social assessment and investigation itself was just a effective activity

to increase the influenced people knowing the project and participating in the project.

Through investigation, it was to reflect in concentrate the opinions of the influenced

people in the social assessment report (SA), and eventually to be implemented in the

migrant resettlements action planning (RAP) and ethnic minority development

planning (EMDP).

� Through the news medias of television, newspapers, and broadcasting etc., and as

well as the publicity by the grass roots cadres, it was to strengthen the influenced

people knowing the project and coordinating the project. Especially for the

negative impacts which might be caused by the project, it should furthermore

make publicity in a planned and stepped way in advance, to make the influenced

people do well advance preparation, such as the migrant relocation and

resettlements problems, and possible impacts of the road expanding on the

business households at the roadside.

� The compensation standards for the land expropriation and relocation were open

and transparent, and were informed in advance, the project office was responsible

for negotiating the relevant matters concerned with the migrant relocation,

compensation, resettlements, transition of relocation, and employment etc..

� Before road construction, it should do well the works on the publicity and public

opinions, to make the organizations and individuals their traffic were directly

influenced, especially for the school, hospital, and sites for religious activities, to

obtain the correct information as early as possible and do well the corresponding

preparation.

152

� In the construction period, the adjustment to the bus lines should be done in

advance, and it should make detailed informing, to decrease the impacts to

outgoing of the residents by buses.

The influenced people participated in the project, including participating in

project design, project implementation, and project assessment. As the influenced

people often were in dispersing and passive position, were lack of activeness to

participate in the project and were lack of ways to participating in the project, it

needed the project party to provide the chances and platform for participating in

through multi forms, such as social assessment activity, regular discussion

meeting with the influenced people, and arranging project liaison man for the

villages and communities etc..

� In the project design, such as the expanded width and strike direction of the

roads, the public effective participating in would make the project meet the actual

demand even more; for the aspects of traffic management and road safety

engineering, full understanding the opinions of the influenced people would be

good to optimize the traffic signs and marks and facilities.

� For participating in the project construction, it included participating in the

building of the project through the forms of labour service and machinery. During

the course of participating in, at the same time the influenced people got the

working remuneration, they also could express they supported the project, and it

could increase their understanding to the project. To realize this kind of

participating in, it needed the government and all classes of organizations in the

project area actively did coordination and promotion, and the construction party

gave active responses to the participating in demand of the local residents.

The effective right of supervision of the influenced people was the necessary

guarantee for the project to be implemented according to schedule.

� The influenced people had the right to supervise the justice and fairness of the

asset appraisal and the condition of compensation money being paid in time and

full in the process of expropriation and relocation of land and houses; had the

right to supervise the condition of building of the resettlements security houses

and the preparation of transition houses; and had the right to supervise the

implementation condition of the employment policies. If the people influenced by

the land expropriation and relocation (migrants) were not satisfied with the

expropriation and relocation scheme and the compensation standards, they could

initiate an administrative reconsideration or administrative proceedings in turn to

the village committee/community resident’s committee → village and town

governments/ street office → Land and Resources Bureau of the Yining City/

relocation office according to the corresponding satisfaction degrees of

153

settlement and explanation. It should inform the migrants the appeal ways and the

detailed information of accepting and hearing agencies in forms of meetings,

notices, information booklets etc..

� It was advisable to set up a hot line call for public participating in, and make the

road construction information known to the public through media and different

kinds of publicity boards at the construction site. It should notify the suggestion

and opinions of supervision of mass to the relevant leaders and the departments

concerned. The hot line call should be 24 hours a day on duty, and establish strict

recording, reporting and feeding back system.

3.4.2 About land expropriation and relocation and migrant resettlements

� The compensation for relocation should be carried out adopting mode of

negotiation and consultation openly and justly with the relocated households

in the project office.

To uniform the compensation standards, and make publicity in advance, giving a

great deal of publicity, and informing, making the compensation standards open and

transparent.

When measuring relocation and calculating compensation, it should make full

negotiation with the influenced people.

To issue the consideration money directly to the relocated people, avoiding the

consideration money being intercepted or misappropriated in the intermediate process.

� To insist on the principle of resettlements first and then relocation, to

guarantee the relocated residents could be smoothly resettled.

The resettlements houses should be built in advance, or be built up in the

transition period of relocation, to make the relocated people be able to live in the

resettlements houses as soon as possible.

If the resettlements houses still could not be built up when doing relocation, it

should inform clearly and definitely the relocated people the relevant information of

the location of the resettlements houses and the date of handing over etc., to make the

residents be able to wait securely.

If the resettlements houses were delayed in completion, the rental costs of

transition houses for the relocated people should be made up; the rental allowance for

the transition houses shall be enhanced with the enhancement of the market house

renting prices.

� It should respect the right of option for the compensation and resettlements,

and provide convenience for the influenced people who were willingly to

select the residential district newly by themselves.

The migrants could select the forms of money compensation or housing

compensation by themselves. For the household they were not willingly to select

154

storied building houses as resettlements houses in deed, it allowed them to carry out

resettlement at other place voluntarily after obtaining the money compensation.

When doing relocation, based on meeting the project planning, it should respect

the willingness of the influenced people, to decide the relocated yard and house to be

pull down fully or maintain part through consultation, and provide corresponding

compensation according to the condition of relocation. It should make reasonable

replacing based on negotiation.

It should respect the right of selection of the migrants to the resettlements place,

to provide convenience for them to select new residential neighbourhood and keep the

social relations before relocation.

� It should justly compensate the relocated enterprises and business

households, if rebuilding in other place was needed, it should provide

corresponding help, and certain support.

It should justly compensate the relocated shop houses and enterprises.

For operators who used or rented shop houses for operating, it should provide the

qualification of priority selection for the shop houses in the newbuilt markets, and

give certain supports or privileges for purchasing or renting shop houses.

For the enterprises which were influenced by the relocation, if rebuilding in other

place was needed, the local government should provide corresponding help in the

aspect of site selection.

� For poor households who lived in penury the relocation and resettlements

should guarantee their basic living.

For poor households who lived in penury, their income level were low, the

former housing condition was relatively poor in general, both relocation and

resettlements had certain difficulty. For the weak groups like this, no matter how

small the former property right housing area was, and how poor the quality was, for

compensation and resettlements, it should make them enjoy the corresponding money

compensation or resettlements house according to the standard not being lower than

the minimum dwelling size in the resettlements community. The price differential of

the compensation price for the former house and the price of the minimum dwelling

house in the resettlements community should be paid by the project owner.

� To enlarge employment channel, and guarantee the income level and living

standards of the landless farmers and relocated farmers.

It should adopt multi measures to promote the employment of landless farmers,

including to build all classes of markets, set up breeding base and facility agriculture,

strengthen employment training, and provide employment information etc.. To

implement all classes of preferential policies to the landless farmers, such as petty

loan, to encourage them to do pioneering work themselves.

155

At present, an important mode of the Yining City settling the living and problem

of employment was to set up markets, to encourage landless farmers purchasing shop

houses (with cost price), but the low-income family still faced purchasing difficulty

due to fund shortage. It could adopt multi ways of low-interest loan and installment

payment etc. to settle their fund problems.

To support and encourage young persons to enter in all classes of enterprises for

working, and provide multi professional skill training and language training for them,

and provide enterprise recruitment information, to make them be able to adapt to the

work requirements of the enterprises.

� To complete social security measures to make the landless farmers have

old-age support.

To make broadly publicity to the landless farmer social security policies, expand

the security range, and achieve sufficient security range possibly.

To guarantee the social security fund of the landless farmers being in place in full

amount. For the people who met the old-age pension collection condition, it should

pay them their old-age pension on time and in full amount, this would not only

guarantee the old people's living and their benefits, but also would play an

demonstration effect for the young people to pay the endowment insurance on time.

3.4.3 About project implementation

� Before implementation of the project, it should do well and sufficient

preparation work.

It should repair the water supply and drain pipes and the heating pipes along with

the roads as possible, to avoid repeat cutting roads.

Before construction of the project, it should do well the informing work to the

influenced people, to make the householders and business households be able to do

preparation in advance.

� During the construction period, based on the guaranteed quality, it should

speed up the construction schedule and reduce the impacts to the outgoing of

residents.

For the inconvenience brought about to outgoing possibly in the road building

period, the influenced people expressed they could understand, but they hoped the

construction period should be shortened as much as possible, and it should repair by

segments to avoid cutting simultaneously, thus to reduce the construction work

influencing the urban traffic and resident outgoing.

In the construction period, it should pay attention to the resident’s outgoing

safety, especially safety of the children's going to school. There were several middle

and elementary schools along the project roads (the Yining City No.14 Middle

School, Huichang Middle School, Yifu Elementary School, and Experiment

156

Elementary School etc.), in the construction period, it should maintain the relief

passage for the students going to the school, and guarantee the school buses going out

and in, or it would set the construction period in the summer vacation period, thus to

reduce the possible threatening to the safe outgoing of the children.

� To pay attention to environment protection in construction period.

In the construction period, it should pay attention to the environment protection

and avoid damaging the roadside forest belts.

There was a wetland near the stretch of the Dongliang Street within the area

under administration of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township (to see the diagram

2 - 2 Resident and Farmer Distribution Diagram of Dongliang Street of Kaerdun

Township), at present the condition of protection was not good, some people dumped

their rubbish there. For this project, it should avoid dumping spoil and as well as

sandstone material etc. the building materials or discarding the living garbage here.

� In construction period, it should employ the local labor force to participate

in building, including recruitment in aspects of production, service, and

security personnel.

3.5 About suggestion on project scheme

� To do scientific demonstration in planning and design for that it was to

expand the road at the left side or the right side of the road axis, it should be

prudent in dealing, to reduce the relocation quantity as much as possible,

and decrease the impact to resident, at the same time it also could reduce the

migrant resettlements cost.

There were partial section of roads having large quantity of relocation, it

suggested that it should make detailed investigation and demonstration for expanding

the width of the roads at the left side or the right side of the road axis, and make

rational readjustment based on the allowable road design. If it was able to reduce the

relocation quantity especially for the relocation of relatively sensitive building

through adjusting the strike direction of the road section, for reducing the negative

impacts caused by the road building, and strengthening the positive effect of the road

building, it would bring about good social benefits and as well as economic benefits.

� The road planning width should meet the actual demand, especially for the

concentrated residence area and the roadside thick tree area, it should

maintain the style and landscape of the original street.

The aim of road improvement and extension was to provide safety and

convenience for people and vehicle passing, at the time of realizing the planning

objective, it should avoid pursuing an over-wide road which went beyond the actual

157

demand, and it should be vigilance to the logos of building boulevard for political

government achievements or city image. For the non-key motor roads which passed

the concentrated residence area, it should be mainly to satisfy the people going and

public traffic; for the thick roadside forest belt area at the city suburb, it also should

reduce the damage to the forest belt by the road expanding as possible.

� To enhance the road safety.

It was hoped that the driveway and footway could be separated after extension

and improvement of roads, and it should set up pedestrian way, to increase the safety

of the road. To arrange green belts at both sides of roads, such as to set up green belts

at the both sides of the Tianjin Road.

To reasonably set up passing facilities, and arrange clear traffic guide signs. To

arrange reducing unit at the sensitive section of road at the front of the school gate

etc.. To arrange traffic lights at the road junction of the stretch of the Haibei Road.

To strengthen foot passenger safety education and administration, let foot

passengers develop good outgoing and riding habit.

The section of road which passed the residential area should arrange street lamps

and it should guarantee the lamps be able to give illumination.

� To solve well the road water drainage problem and the sanitation

environmental problem.

It was reflected that the water drainage of the road sections of the Tianjin Road

and East Xinhua Road were not good, in the building of relevant roads, it should solve

the problem of the water drainage being not smooth.

For the road section with much resident outgoing, it should arrange refuse boxes,

and do regular cleaning, to guarantee the environmental hygiene of road .

� After road being built up, it should strengthen the road administration.

After road being built up, all classes of traffic management facilities should be

matched and completed soon. In the past, for some section of road, after improvement

and extension, the road condition got better, and the vehicle speeds were increased,

but the safety was not increased; the area got popular and business operation

increased, but the speed did not have apparent enhancement, so it should strengthen

management even more. For partial sections of the roads involved in the project,

trucks for carrying sandstone and coal were many, it should strengthen monitoring

and administration to vehicle overload and overspeed, arrange appropriate speed limit

signs, install speed detector, and strengthen road supervision and control.

� To expand bus covering area, increase bus station building, improve public

traffic service attitude, and improve the working environment of the public

traffic service personnel.

158

To enhance the public traffic covering area, especially to cover the periphery

villages. It was put forward that it should build bus stop at the Bayandai Village for

No.11 bus, and it was hoped that for important bus lines they all should build bus stop

at the Bayandai Village.

To improve the public traffic service attiude, to set systematism requirements for

the public traffic drivers and stewards, and to guarantee the implementation of

treatment of old people enjoying free riding.

To improve the working environment of the public traffic drivers and stewards.

To provide rest area for the public traffic drivers and stewards, especially the rest

areas with heating in winter, and solve the problem of toileting during the time on

duty. To improve the existing condition of job time being long and income being low

for the public traffic drivers and stewards.

3.6 About suggestion of ethnic minorities

The project area was with ethnic minority population as main, in the ethnic

minorities, the most were Uygur, the Hui nationality and the Kazak nationality came

the next. In the process of project implementation, for the ethnic minority residents, it

should pay special attention to their demands in the aspects of culture and custom etc..

� It should respect the right of selection of the expropriated and relocated

ethnic minority residents to the resettlements mode, to actively maintain the

street block culture characteristics of the Yining City.

The most characteristics of the Yining City area were all classes of diverse and

fine folk house buildings, and the culture and custom of alleyways, which were with

the Uygur court yard building as the representative, the Uygur residents' life style and

social intercourse mode were in accordance with this kinds of folk houses. At the

same time, this was also a big advantage for the Yining City to develop the cultural

tourism. The residents of the Yining City, especially the Uygur residents, were

accustomed to traditional yard living. It was hoped that the project road building

should reduce the house relocation quantity as much as possible. For inevitable

relocation places, it should respect the selection of the expropriated and relocated

residents to the resettlements modes.

In the social impact assessment and investigation, the most of influenced Uygur

families expressed that if their houses were expropriated and relocated, they hoped it

could provide house site for them to build one-story house and they were not willingly

to live in the concentrated resettlements storied building. The relevant departments of

the municipal government and the project villages' and towns' governments expressed

that, due to fast urban development in the last few years, the suburban houses and

159

cultivated land expropriation and relocation quantity were relatively large, the city

suburb land was in short supply, it was impossible to satisfy generally the willingness

to live in one-story houses for all expropriated and relocated people (migrants), the

migrants could select the resettlements storied building houses or the money

compensation the two modes, for the people who were willingly to live in one-story

houses, they could buy land to build houses through the mode of money

compensation.

To give full right to select the resettlements mode for migrants included the

following points:

(1) To fully know the opinions and demands on the resettlements modes of the

migrants;

(2) If it was a storied building resettlements, for the aspects of the location and

house types etc. of the resettlements houses, it should solicit the opinions of the

migrants, and take care of the habits and customs of ethnic minorities, to reduce

the living inconvenience and adaptation difficulty caused by changing dwelling

mode for them;

(3) If it was money compensation, the compensation should be able to guarantee

the cost for purchasing house site and rebuilding the corresponding area of

house in other place or purchasing old house for living, to make their rebuilding

(living) in other place be possible.

� Construction workers should respect the custom and habit of ethnic

minorities.

The nationalities of the Uygur, Kazak, and Hui had their own unique habits in

life style, they especially attached importance to the Moslem food and drink (avoid

pig and pork) and clean water. It was advisable that the project unit should do general

nationality custom and habit knowledge education to the construction workers,

especially the Han nationality construction workers etc. they were not the non Muslim

nationalities, to require them to respect the local ethnic minorities' habits, and pay

attention to the food and drink environment and the drinking water sanitation, pay

attention to household garbage treatment, avoid uncovering upper body in the ethnic

minorities' residential area, and avoid causing dissatisfaction of the local ethnic

minorities mass.

It should pay special attention to not entering into and trampling Muslim

graveyard (the Laoyi Road), especially it could not relieve the bowels at the graveyard

and the near places. In the construction period, it should provide safeguard to the

graveyard, to avoid causing contradiction and dispute for ignorance or inadvertency.

� In the construction period, it should pay attention to the safety facilities of

the roads near the residential areas and masjids.

160

At the roadside along the project roads, the roads passed the residential areas (the

most were with the ethnic minorities population as main) at several places, and there

were several masjids, Some aged people walked several times to the masjid for

worship everyday, of which for the twice times in morning and evening, the day

might be dark, in Friday, the religious people who went to masjid for worship were

many. In the road construction period, it should pay attention to safety work, to set

aside pedestrian passageways, arrange corresponding lighting facilities, arrange guard

rails, or speed up construction progress near the masjid and resident concentrated

districts, to reduce the impacts to outgoing of residents.

� The road and road building caution signs should adopt simple and definite

symbol as possible, lettering tips and project bulletin etc. all should use

Uygur and Chinese the two kinds of lettering

� To actively promote employment of ethnic minorities landless farmers

As ethnic minorities landless farmers were limited by their education degree, and

Chinese language capacity etc., the employment difficulty was big; the family

members were many, and bringing up burden was heavy, it should attach even more

importance to their problem of employment.

In the employment training, it should increase the training and teaching materials

in ethnic minorities' languages, pay attention to the practice courses, to enhance their

grasping and absorption degree to the training knowledge, at the same time to

strengthen their Chinese language capacity training. The training contents should

exert their traditional folk restaurant line, traditional folk handicraft article production,

business and trade logistics, and songs and dances etc., to make them gear the

learning to practical use. At the same time, it should also actively encourage

enterprises to recruit ethnic minorities workers, and implement the corresponding

policy supporting in aspects of recruitment and training.

For ethnic minorities landless farmers approaching markets, doing the pioneering

work by self, it should provide corresponding support and service, such as petty loan

and technical service etc..

To actively develop the ethnic minorities restaurant lines, and set up the Hui

Nationality snack street and Uygur foods and drinks plaza etc., it should create

famous brands of catering industry of the Yining City, to exert local culture

advantage, create employment for ethnic minorities landless farmers, and promote the

development of tourism industry of the Yining City.

161

2011-12-14

162