SOCAN MONITORING WORKSHOP - SECOORAsecoora.org/.../08/SOCAN_MonitoringWorkshopReport.pdf · SOCAN...

Imagecredit:LaurenValentino,NOAA/AOML

SOCANMONITORINGWORKSHOP

2/28/17 WorkshopReport


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SOCANMONITORINGWORKSHOPI D E N T I F Y I N G P R I O R I T Y L O C A T I O N S F O R O C E A N A C I D I F I C A T I O N M O N I T O R I N G I N T H E U . S . S O U T H E A S T

SUMMARYTheSoutheastOceanandCoastalAcidificationNetwork(SOCAN)heldaworkshopinCharleston,SouthCarolinatofacilitatediscussiononprioritylocationsforoceanacidificationmonitoringintheSoutheast.Thediscussionincludedidentificationofkeygradientsinphysical,chemicalandbiologicalparametersalongtheSoutheastcoast,areviewofcurrentmonitoringefforts,andanassessmentofstakeholderneeds.Sixteenmonitoringlocationswereidentifiedaspotentialacidificationmonitoringlocations(seepage12).Thefollowingthreemonitoringlocationswerehighlightedasprioritysitesthatwouldfurtherourunderstandingofthechemistryandregionaldriversofoceanacidificationandaddressstakeholderneeds:

(1)SapeloIsland,GA

(2)GulfStream,offshoreofGray’sReef,GA

(3)BiscayneNationalPark,FL

Theworkshopconcludedwithadiscussionoflogisticsandopportunitiestopursuemonitoringattherecommendedlocations.AcopyoftheagendaisincludedinAppendix1.

PROCEEDINGSApproximately16expertsgatheredfortheSOCANMonitoringWorkshoptooutlinerecommendationsforpriorityoceanacidificationmonitoringlocationsintheSoutheast(AttendeeList,Appendix2).TheworkshopbeganwithintroductoryremarksregardingthestructureandresponsibilitiesofSOCANandSECOORA.Followingtheintroductoryremarks,participantsreviewedtheproposedagenda;nomodificationsweremade.

Thefirsthalf-daywasspentreviewingthestateofoceanacidificationscienceandregionalresponse.KimYatessharedasynthesisofthe2016SOCANStateoftheSciencemeeting,whichincludedareviewofwebinarsandkeyfindingsrelatedtoOAchemistry,modelingandorganismalresponse.Following


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theregionalreview,LeslieWickesledapresentationanddialogueregardingstakeholderneedsandhowtomergethesewithscientificneedstoprioritizemonitoringlocations.Next,participantsreviewedthecurrentmonitoringassetlistthatwaspopulatedviaonlinesubmissionpriortotheworkshop.ParticipantsdiscussedmodificationstotheSOCANMonitoringInventoryapproachandhowbesttoproceedwiththeeffort.Thedayconcludedwithanextensivereviewofbiological,chemicalandphysicalgradientsalongthecoastalregionsoftheU.S.Southeast,fromFlorida(eastandwestcoasts)toNorthCarolina.ParticipantsreviewedthelistofgradientsandnarrowedthemdowntoprioritygradientstoconsiderforanOAmonitoringapproach.

TheseconddaybeganwithareviewofmaterialpresentedinDay1andsynthesisofprioritygradientstopreparefordiscussionsofrecommendedlocations.Theparticipantsthensplitintothreegroupstoidentifykeygapsinmonitoringand3-5proposedsitestofillthesegaps.Thebreakoutgroupsincludedthosefocusedonchemistry,speciesresponseorstakeholderneeds.Eachgroupthenpresentedtheirproposedlocationsandreasoning.Followingareviewofallproposedsites,participantsvotedonthethreetheyconsideredhighestpriority.Thehighestprioritysiteswerethendiscussedindetail,inclusiveoffeasibility,logisticsandpartnershipstopursuetheproposedsites.Theworkshopconcludedwithdevelopmentandreviewofanoutlineofarecommendationreportforregionalmonitoring.

BACKGROUNDIn2016SOCANheldameetingtodiscussthestateofoceanacidificationscience,vulnerabilitiesanduniqueattributesoftheU.S.SoutheastRegion.Oneoftheprioritiesidentifiedinthisworkshopwastheneedtoaddressthelackofcoastalmonitoring.PreviousresearchindicatesmultipledriversofoceanandcoastalacidificationintheSoutheast,highlightingtheimportanceofregionaldynamics(e.g.riverineinput,GulfStream)thatcanmasktheeffectsofatmosphericinputsofcarbondioxideonshortertimescales.

TheSoutheastcurrentlylacksacohesivemonitoringapproachandnetwork.Thereareonlytwolong-termOAcontinuousmonitoringlocationsintheregion-CheecaRocksintheFloridaKeys(NOAACoralReefConservationProgram,NOAAOceanAcidificationProgram)andGray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary(NOAAOceanAcidificationProgram),alongwithafewgrassrootsandresearch-drivenefforts.WhiletherearemultiplewaterqualityprogramsthroughouttheSoutheast,theseprogramslacktheabilitytomeasurecarbonatechemistrywiththequalitynecessarytodetermineacidificationimpacts.Waterqualityandresearchprogramsthroughouttheregionlackconsistentmethodologieslimitingthedata’sutilityforacohesivenetwork.

Attributionofacidificationsourcesiscriticalindevelopmentofstrategiesformanagementandmitigation.Identificationofacidificationsourcesunderlimitedresourcesrequiresathoughtfulapproach,leveragingopportunitiestocoordinatemonitoringefforts.


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DAY1:REVIEWOFCONSIDERATIONSFORMONITORINGAPPROACH

STATEOFTHESCIENCEThestateofoceanacidificationscienceintheSoutheastwasreviewedinthe2016SOCANWorkshopReport(Wickes,2016).Thekeyresearchpriorityidentifiedinthisworkshopwasto:

Measurekeyoceanacidificationparameters(pH,DIC,TA,pCO2,temperature,DO,salinity,chlorophyll,nutrients)acrossvariousspatialandtemporalscalestocharacterizetheregionanddevelopalgorithmsandindicatorsonrelevantspatialandtemporalscalesforecosystems.

Keyelementsofthismonitoringpriorityincludedestablishmentofbaselinestoworktowardattributionofacidificationsources;purposefulmergingofphysical,biogeochemical,organismalandecosystemresponse;anddevelopmentofalgorithmstoderiveparametersofthecarbonatesystem.

STAKEHOLDERNEEDS

Keystakeholdersidentifiedinthe2016StateoftheScienceWorkshopincludedfisheriesandthecoralreefindustry.WhilecommercialfisheriesintheSoutheastarenotasvaluableasotherU.S.regions,recreationalfisheriesrankthesecondhighestbehindtheGulfofMexico.Valueaddedoftherecreationalfisheriesexceeds$3.8billionwith84%consideredresidentsoftheregion(NationalMarineFisheriesService,2016).

Theproportionallyhighrecreationalfisheryindustryoffersauniquechallengetostakeholderengagementwhereinmanyotherregionscommercialfisherieshavebeentargeted.Additionally,theSoutheastistheonlyU.S.regionwithexpansiveshallow-watercoralreefs.ThelocalsalesimpactoftheFloridaKeyscoralreeftourismindustryfarexceedsthatoffishingwithatleast$60billioninlocalsales(recreationalcoralreefdiving,fishing,viewing).

Importantdiscussionpointsregardingstakeholdersincluded:

(1)Engagestakeholderswithacharge,notjustasrecipientsofinformation

(2)Leverageandcomplementexistingeffortssoastonotoverwhelmstakeholders

(3)Considerupstreamstakeholders

(4)IdentifyandcreateanengagementplanforlocaltribesandGullah-Geecheepopulations,manyofwhichvalueshellfishresourceseconomicallyorculturally


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(5)Becomeatrustedsourcebyprovidingtechnicalassistance

Citizensciencehasbeenatoolincreasinglyusedtoengagestakeholders,buthasbeendifficulttoutilizeinoceanacidificationresearchgiventhetechnicaldifficultiesofmeasuringthecarbonateparameters.Toovercometheseissues,itwasproposedtoutilizethenetworkofmarinelaboratoriesthatcouldprovidethetrainingandtoolsnecessarytomeasurecarbonateparametersattheaccuracynecessaryforoceanacidification.

SOCANMONITORINGINVENTORY

Priortotheworkshop,SOCANconductedasurveyofcurrentoceanacidificationmonitoringlocations.TherequestforsubmissionswasdistributedtotheSOCANSteeringCommittee,workshopparticipantsandtheSOCANlistserv.Thesubmissionswerecollectedandmapped;thepreliminaryinventorywasreviewedattheworkshop.Participantsaddedadditionallocationstothemapthatwereconsideredpriortomovingforwardwithproposingnewlocations.

ParticipantsthendiscussedthefutureoftheMonitoringInventoryeffortandestablishedthattheinventorywillbeintegratedintoongoingSOCANwebportalefforts.Initialeffortswillestablishametadataportalmappingthelocationsofstationsthatcollectcarbonatechemistrydata.IfandwhendataisincludedthedatawouldberequiredtomeetthestandardssetforthintheGOA-ONRequirementsandGovernmentPlan(2014)forcarbonatechemistry,limitingtheinputofpotentiometricpHdatafrommanycoastalwaterqualityassessments.

SOCANwillcarefullyconsidertheend-userincreatingaportalandalsoavoidduplicationofeffortsbypotentiallymirroringtheexistingGOA-ONportalataregionallevel.

SOUTHEASTGRADIENTS

Theworkshopsoughttoestablishandsynthesizethekeybiological,physicalandchemicalgradientsthatoccuralongtheU.S.Southeastcoast.Spanningsub-tropicaltotropicalclimates,abroadrangeofconditionsresultinadiversityofhabitatsrangingfromcoralreefstobrackishestuarinesystems.

Thefollowinggradientswerereviewedandconsidered(Table1).Parametersinboldwereselectedasthoseofhighestprioritytoconsiderforamonitoringapproach.


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Table1:GradientsofcoastalSoutheastparametersconsideredforanOAmonitoringapproach

Chemical Biological Geographic Physical

AirtemperatureSeasurfacetemperature(SST)TotalannualprecipitationRiverwater(coastalacidificationcontribution)CarbonateplatformpresenceChangeinnitrogenflowPhosphorousSeafloordissolvedoxygenSurfacechlorophyll-aAragonitesaturation(surfaceandatdepth)HypoxiapresenceEstuaryeutrophicscorepCO2pHDICDOCSalinity

SaltmarshabundanceSeagrassdistributionMangrovedistributionHardbottomessentialfishhabitat(EFH)ShrimpEFHGoldencrabEFHSpinylobsterEFHCoastalpelagics(EFH)CoralreefdistributionEasternoysterdistributionCold-watercoraldistributionSpeciesmigratoryroutesPhytoplankton,BacterioplanktonZooplankton

PopulationdensityPopulationchangeMPAandNEPlocationsEconomicsensitivityAdaptivecapacityLandusechangeFishingpermitsandlicenses

KarsttopographyUpwellingpresenceTidalcyclesSealevelriseBathymetryStormoccurrenceCirculation(GulfStreamlocation)Atmosphericwinds

Duringdiscussionsofmonitoringapproach,thecarefulselectionofindicatorspecieswashighlighted,notingthatpriortoconclusiveresearchonOAeffectsonSoutheastoysters,theiruseasanindicatorspeciesshouldbeapproachedcautiously.Pendingfurtherinvestigation,oysterhabitatwillbeconsideredinthemonitoringapproach,butnotconclusivelyasanOAindicatorfortheSoutheast.


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DAY2:IDENTIFICATIONOFPRIORITYMONITORINGLOCATIONS

FollowingreviewofDay1findingsandDay2objectives,participantssplitintothreegroupstoidentifygapsandprioritiesformonitoring.Thegroupsconsistedofthosefocusedonkeyspecies,chemistryandstakeholderneeds.FindingsfromBreakoutGroup1,Chemistry&Modeling:

Participants:KimYates,ChrisLangdon,ScottNoakes,RyanMoyer,RuoyingHe

ThegoalofChemistry&ModelingBreakoutGroupwastoidentifylocationsthatwouldsupportvalidationofmodelsanddiscernattributionsourcesofacidification.Thegroupsoughttocapturetheeffectsofupwelling,GulfStreamflowandriverinecontributiononthecarbonbudget.

PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheChemistry&ModelingGroup:

• PulleyRidge(Station42097)• GOMLoopCurrent(Station42003)• DiamondShoal(Station41025)• OculinaandCold-WaterReefsoffFlorida• Albemarle-PamlicoSound• TampaBay• SapeloIslandLTER• GuanaTolomatoMatanzasNERRS

FindingsfromBreakoutGroup2,KeySpecies:

Participants:LouBurnett,EmilyHall,LeslieWickes,JanessyFrometa,LaurenValentino

Group2soughttoidentifysitesthatprovidedkeyhabitattoeconomicallyimportantspecies,particularlythoseconsideredpotentiallyvulnerabletooceanacidification.Additionally,thegroupstrategizedtousepairedsitesthatmightelucidatemulti-stressoreffectsonspecies,suchasOAandharmfulalgalblooms(HABs)orOAandeutrophicscore.

PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheKeySpeciesGroup:


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• CharlotteHarbor(higheutrophicscore,highHABs)• SuwaneeRiver(loweutrophicscore,highHABs)• Albemarle-PamlicoSound(higheutrophicscore,lowHABs)• NorthInlet-WinyahBayNERRs(loweutrophicscore,lowHABs)• OculinaBanks• LowerFloridaReefTract• UpperFloridaReefTract/BiscayneNationalPark• SapeloIsland

FindingsfromBreakoutGroup3,StakeholderNeeds:

Participants:LibbyJewett,DebraHernandez,BrianRappoli,AnnaToline,PaulaKeener,JenniferVreeland

Group3’sgoalwastoidentifymonitoringsitesthatwouldbothfulfilltheneedsofstakeholdersandprovidestrongstakeholdersupportforoutreachefforts.Thegroupidentifiedentitiesthatwouldenableleveragingofoutreachefforts.TheseentitiesincludedtheU.S.NationalParkService,NationalEstuarineResearchReserves,NationalEstuaryProgramsstudyareas(NEPs),NOAANationalMarineSanctuaries,andaquariums.Thegroupalsoevaluatedsiteswithkeystakeholders,suchasthecoralreefindustryandshellfisheries.

PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheStakeholderNeedsGroup:

• BiscayneNationalPark• SapeloIsland• Albemarle-PamlicoSound• CharlestonHarbor• ApalachacolaBay,FL• RookeryBay,FL• TampaBay,FL


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PROPOSEDPRIORITYMONITORINGLOCATIONSANDJUSTIFICATIONS#1-10listedinorderofpriorityvotes

1. SapeloIsland,GAJustification:SapeloIsland,GAisanexistingLongTermEcologicalResearch(LTER)site.ThesiteisinshoreofGray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary,wherethereiscurrentlyanoceanacidificationmooring.Thesitewouldprovidekeyinsighttoidentificationof,andattributionto,sourcesfromestuarineinputs.WiththeadditionofanoffshoreGulfStreamBuoy(seebelow),theonshore-offshoretransectwouldcontributetoourunderstandingofthecarbonbudget,revealingeffectsofriverineinputsandGulfStreammeandering.SapeloIslandalsohasthestakeholderSapeloSeaFarms,ashellfishfarmrunbySOCANSteeringCommitteememberCharliePhillips.Thesitewouldofferapotentialtestbedforstakeholdermonitoringandengagementefforts.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:

• LTERSite• ScottNoakes(UGAandSOCANSteeringCommittee&CharliePhillips(SapeloSeaFarms

andSOCANSteeringCommittee)engagedandinterestedinOAefforts• Potentialcollaborationwitheffortstoestablishuser-friendlycarbonatechemistrysensor

equipment

2. GulfStreamBuoy,Off-shoreGray’sReef,GAJustification:WiththeadditionofaSapeloIslandstation,anewGulfStreamBuoywouldcompleteanonshore-offshoretransectofoceanacidificationmonitoringandaddressmodelvalidationneeds.ThissitewouldfillacriticalgapthatwouldprovideinsightontheGulfStreamcontributionstowardacidificationattribution,includinglongitudinalchangestothecurrentanditsinfluenceonupwelling.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:

• Newbuoyunlikelyinthenearfutureduetocostlimitations• PotentialuseofNOAANationalMarineSanctuaryvesselsformaintenancecouldreduce

costs


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• Thoughacontinuousmonitoringstationmaybeafar-futurepossibility,theremaybeopportunitiestobeginopportunisticsamplingtargetingtemporalupwelling

3. BiscayneNationalPark,FLJustification:BiscayneNationalParkisjustsouthofthenorthernmostareasoftheFloridaCoralReefTractwhere,accordingtorecentresearch,reefsexperienceseasonaldissolutionduringfallandwinter(Muehllehneretal.2016).ThismarginalsiteforcoralreefswouldprovidecontexttothehigherqualityreefhabitatneartheNOAACheecaRocksbuoy.BiscayneNationalParksiteoffersopportunitiestoleverageothermonitoringeffortsandforstakeholderengagement.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:

• LeveragingNOAAAtlanticOceanographicMeteorologicalLaboratory(AOML),NationalParkServiceanduniversitynetworkformonitoringactivitiesandstakeholderengagement

• Goodlocationtospearheadauniversity-basedcitizenscienceinitiative

4. FloridaKeysLowerReefTractJustification:TheFloridaLowerReefTractintheKeyWestregionhasahighdensityoftheFloridacoralreeftourismindustry.Thesiteoffersanestablishedstakeholdernetworkthatcouldbepairedwithmonitoringefforts.ThesereefsrepresentoneofthemostvulnerablehabitatsintheUnitedStatestooceanacidification;additionalefforts,suchaspore-watersampling,wouldcontributetoongoingeffortstounderstandthevulnerabilityoftheFloridaKeysreefstoOA.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:

• LeveragingAOMLandextensionofCheecaRocksoperationsandPhytoplanktonMonitoringNetworkscouldlowermonitoringcosts

• Goodregiontoutilizenewlowercosttechnologiestoengagealargestakeholdernetwork

5. Albemarle-PamlicoSound,NC

Justification:TheAlbemarle-PamlicoSoundisahighlyeutrophicestuarythatwouldprovideatest-bedforcoastalacidificationattributionidentification.EconomicallyimportantshellfishindustriesandlocalscientistsatDukeUniversityandUniversityofNorthCarolinacouldpotentiallyprovidesupportforthemonitoringeffortandstakeholderengagement.TheregionhasanOAsamplingstationatPiversIslandCoastalObservatory(PICO)thatcouldbecomplimentedbyacontinuous


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monitoringstation.

6. CharlestonHarbor,SCJustification:CharlestonHarborhassignificantpersonnelresourcesincludingtheSOCANProgramCoordinator,DirectorofSECOORAandSouthCarolinaSeaGrant.Thesiteoffersutilityinstakeholderengagement.AdditionalresourcescanpotentiallybeleveragedthroughlocaluniversitiesandtheSCDepartmentofNaturalResources.SECOORAinpartnershipwithSCDNRandNERRsareinstallingandnewwaterqualitystationintheCharlestonHarborin2017.

7. OculinaBanks,FLJustification:OculinareefsarefoundalongtheshelfedgeofftheeastcoastofFloridaat60-100mdepth.Lowaragonitesaturation(Ωarag)watersimpingetowardthesurfacefromwesttoeast,wheretheΩarag1.5contourreaches75mwaterdepthalongtheshelfbreak.ThesedepthsandlocationscoincidewithOculinaanddeep-waterreefhabitat.Thesesitesalsocoincidewiththe2016-2019SoutheastDeepSeaCoralInitiativethatcouldpotentiallybeleveragedforOAsamplingefforts.

8. DiamondShoal,OffshoreNCJustification:AdditionalOAsensorsonanexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC41025)wouldprovideanonshore-offshoretransectfromexistingPamlicoSoundsefforts(e.g.PICO).ThesensorswouldprovideinsighttoeffectsoftheGulfStreamonOAparameters.

9. EastFloridaSlope-PulleyRidgeJustification:AddingOAsensorstotheexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC42097)wouldcapturetheeffectsoftheGulfofMexico(GOM)loopcurrentonacidificationatarelativelyshallowsite(~80m).PulleyRidgeisamesophoticcoralsitethatformsimportanthabitatforgrouper.

10. GOMLoopCurrentJustification:AddingOAsensorstotheexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC42003)wouldcapturetheeffectsoftheGulfofMexicoloopcurrentonacidificationatadeepsite(~3200m).

11. SuwanneeRiver,FLJustification:TheFloridaregionneartheSuwanneeRiverhasrelativelylowhumanimpactthatcouldbeusedasapairedsitewithaeutrophicsystem.Theregionhasalowpopulationdensitybuthasa


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significantshellfishindustry.TheregionisfrequentlyexposedtoHABs,whichwouldprovideapairedsitewiththemore-developed,butstillHAB-exposed,TampaBayregion.

12. NorthInlet-WinyahBay,SCJustification:Thissiteiswouldactasalow-impactsitepairedwithothereutrophicsystems,suchasthePamlicoEstuaryjustnorth.Thesitesarerelativelysimilarregardinghabitatandnaturalconditions,butdifferintheireutrophicscore.TheregionisaNERRssite,offeringutilityinsetupandmaintenance,andisalsoanimportantregionfortheshellfishindustry.

13. ApalachicolaBayor(14)RookeryBay,FLNERRsJustification:EithersiteofferstheopportunitytoworkwithaNERRssitetoleveragethemonitoringeffortandstakeholderengagement.Theregionhasamedium-higheutrophicscorethatcouldbepairedwithloweutrophicscoreNERRssites.

15.CharlotteHarboror(16)TampaBay,FLJustification:Thesesitesincludehighlyeutrophicsystemswithhighpopulationgrowth,prevalentHABs,densityofoystersandclamsandnearbypartners(e.g.MoteMarineLaboratory,NationalEstuaryProgram,U.S.GeologicalSurvey).SeagrassrestorationandnewOAmonitoringeffortswouldcomplimentacontinuousmonitoringsystemandcapturepotentialaffectsofrestoration.

Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:

• LeveragingUSGSandTampaBayEstuaryProgramandextensionofTampaBayOAresearchandmonitoringoperations

• TampaBaymaybeactingasanoceanacidificationrefuge


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1.SapeloIsland

2.GulfStreamBuoy

3.BiscayneNationalPark

4.LowerFLReefTract

5.Albemarle-PamlicoSound,NC

6.CharlestonHarbor,SC

7.OculinaBanks

8.DiamondShoal

9.PulleyRidge

10.GOMLoopCurrent

11.Suwanee,FL

12.NorthInlet-WinyahBay,SC

13.ApalachicolaBay,FL

14.RookeryBay,FL

15.CharlotteHarbor,FL

16.TampaBay,FL

17 PiversIslandCoastalObservatory(PICO)

DIC,pH Weekly ZackaryJohnson,DukeUniversity

18 Gray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary

pCO2,pH 3hrs NOAAOceanAcidificationProgramScottNoakes,UniversityofGeorgiaWei-JunCai,UniversityofDelaware

19 CheecaRocks pCO2,pH 3hrs NOAAOceanAcidificationProgramNOAAAtlanticOceanographic&MeteorologicalLaboratory(AOML)

20 DryTortugas pCO2,pH 1hr KimYates,U.S.GeologicalSurvey

10 TampaBay,FL pCO2,pH, 1hr KimYates,U.S.GeologicalSurvey

MAPOFMONITORINGLOCATIONS PROPOSEDEFFORTS


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SOCANOAMONITORINGAPPROACHWHITEPAPEROUTLINE

1.Needs(scienceandstakeholders)

• Scienceo Evidencethatcoastalacidificationisalreadyoccurringandatveryrapidrateso Somespeciesarealreadyaffected(corals,potentiallyshellfish)o Manygapso Uniqueregiono StateofthesciencekeyfindingsandguidancefordevelopingregionalOAmonitoring

activities• Stakeholders

o Socioeconomicsverydrivenbyvulnerablehabitatandspecies

ImplementationUnderway DIC,TA

CURRENTEFFORTS


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o Commercialandrecreationalvulnerabilities,culturalvulnerability,vulnerabilityrisksfromcoastalhazards

o Manyprotectedareas–managementneedsforprotection,restoration,mitigation,etc.o Verylittleinformationexiststoinformvulnerabilityassessments

2.Complexities

• Manyandextremegradientsacrossregion• BasicOAchemistrydrivenbymanygradientfactors• Multi-stressorfactorsaremanyandcomplex• Spatialandtemporalgradientsfurtherconfoundmulti-stressorimpacts

3.Gradients

• Gradientsdescription• Howweusegradientsasnaturallaboratories(opportunity)• Modelstofillgapsinobservations• Keytargetedgradientsinourregion(climate,upwelling,freshwaterinflow,eutrophication,etc.)

4.Strategicandprioritylocations

• Listofalllocationsprioritizedbyscienceandmanagementneedsalongwithtextforjustification• Discussionof‘lowhangingfruit’withrespecttopartnership/collaborativeactivities• Identifiedlogisticalneedsforspecificlocations(e.g.tracklinecruisesinestuariesversusoffshore

buoys,etc.)

5.Approach

• Partnershipandcollaborativeopportunities,examplesdiscussedfortopthreesites.Thisisanapproachthatshouldbeimplementedwhenconsideringadditionallocations.

• Creativeefficiencies,developinguniversitycollaborationstoincorporateOAmonitoringinundergraduate/graduatecurriculaforhigherlevelcitizenscienceandstudenteducationalopportunities.Alsoconsiderutilizationofstudentinternsandvolunteers.

• Tieredapproach:wouldliketocontinueandaddbuoylocations.Especiallyinestuaries,ifnobuoysexist,shouldstartwithdiscretesamplingtoprovidebaselinedata,informmodelvalidation,anddetermineneedandlocationforbuoyops.Foroffshore,buoysareideal,buteventtargeted(e.g.Gulfstreammeandering)discretesampling(vertical)before,duringandaftereventswouldbeusefultoinformmodelingandbeginfillinggaps.Insomeareas,likeFloridaKeys,thereisgoodOAmonitoringbutotherdatagapsthatneedtosupplementOAmonitoring(e.g.porewaterDOasrelatedtonutrientdrivencarbonatedissolution).


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6.Recommendations(towardimplementation)

7.Nextsteps(towardimplementation)


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I. APPENDIXI:AGENDA


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II. APPENDIXII:PARTICIPANTLIST

Name Affiliation Email

Lou Burnett College of Charleston [email protected]

Tori Ferrara SOCAN Volunteer Intern [email protected]

Janessy Frometa NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science

[email protected]

Emily Hall Mote Marine Laboratory [email protected]

Ruoying He North Carolina State University [email protected]

Debra Hernandez SECOORA [email protected]

Libby Jewett NOAA Ocean Acidification Program [email protected]

Paula Keener NOAA Office of Exploration & Research [email protected]

Chris Langdon University of Miami [email protected]

Ryan Moyer Florida Fish & Wildlife Research Institute [email protected]

Scott Noakes University of Georgia [email protected]

Brian Rappoli Environmental Protection Agency [email protected]

Anna Toline National Park Service [email protected]

Lauren Valentino NOAA AOML [email protected]

Jennifer Vreeland G-CAN Program Coordinator [email protected]

Leslie Wickes SOCAN Program Coordinator [email protected]

Kim Yates USGS [email protected]


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III. REFERENCES

MuehllehnerN.,LangdonC.,VentiA.,KadkoD.(2016).Dynamicsofcarbonatechemistry,production,andcalcificationoftheFloridaReefTract(2009–2010):Evidenceforseasonaldissolution,GlobalBiogeochem.Cycles,30,661–688,doi:10.1002/2015GB005327.

NationalMarineFisheriesService.(2016).FisheriesEconomicsoftheUnitedStates(2014).U.S.Dept.ofCommerce,NOAATech.Memo.NMFS-F/SPO-163,237p.

NewtonJ.,FeelyR.,JewettE.,WilliamsonP.,MathisJ.(2014).GlobalOceanAcidificationObservingNetwork:RequirementsandGovernancePlan.FirstEdition,September2014.http://www.goa-on.org/docs/GOA-ON_plan_print.pdf

Wickes,L.(2016)2016StateoftheScienceWorkshopReport.SoutheastOceanandCoastalAcidificationNetwork(SOCAN).

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