So2 Poster Web
2
73% 17% 8% 2% <1% motor vehicles other mobile industry area based biogenic burning How is sulfur dioxide measured? Analysis of sulfur dioxide is based on uorescence spectroscopy principles. Sulfur dioxide has a strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption at a wavelength of between 200 and 240 nanometres (nm). The absorption of photons at these wavelengths results in the emission of uorescence photons at a higher wavelength. The ambient air sample is rst passed through a scrubber to remove chemicals that absorb at the same wavelength as SO 2 . The UV source, a zinc discharge lamp, radiates ultraviolet light at 215 nm into the reaction chamber where it interacts with the SO 2 molecules in the ambient air sample. The uorescence emitted is detected and measured at a right angle to the beam using a photomultiplier (PM) tube. The amount of uorescence measured is directly proportional to the concentration of sulfur dioxide. What is sulfur dioxide? Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a colourless gas with a sharp, irritating odour. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur. When sulfur dioxide combines with water, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. Acid rain can cause deforestation, acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life and corrode building materials and paints. Why is sulfur dioxide measured? Sulfur dioxide can affect the respiratory system, the functions of the lungs and irritate people’s eyes. When sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract it causes coughing, mucus secretion, aggravates conditions, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, and makes people more prone to respiratory tract infections. It can attach itself to particles and, if these particles are inhaled, these effects are increased. In Queensland, heavy industry is not as intensive as in Europe and some parts of northern America where the potential for acid rain formation from sulfur dioxide emissions is much higher. Queensland’ s weather conditions, and the low sulfur content of Australian fuels also reduce the potential for the formation of acid rain here. Air quality standards The National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (Air NEPM) standard for sulfur dioxide for a one-hour period is 0.20 parts per million (ppm), which is below the concentration where sensitive members of the population would be affected. Sulfur dioxide concentrations in the ambient (outdoor) air in South East Queensland are well below 0.20 ppm. SULFUR DIOXIDE Sulfur dioxide emissions are mostly generated from the burning of fuels containing sulfur. Industrial facilities, particularly power stations and petroleum reneries, contribute most sulfur dioxide emissions into the air in South East Queensland. Motor vehicle fuels have a low sulfur content compared to those used in industry and shipping. Sulfur dioxide emissions from motor vehicles are low compared to other forms of transport, such as shipping, boating, rail and air travel. Levels in South East Queensland have been consistently low due to the small number of sulfur dioxide emission sources in the region. Sources of sulfur dioxide SO 2 For more information about air quality in Queensland, visit the Department of Environment and Resource Management website <www.derm.qld.gov.au> or email <[email protected]> . 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1 9 7 8 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 Days >0.200 ppm (EPP (Air) goal) Days >0.050 ppm
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Transcript of So2 Poster Web
8/3/2019 So2 Poster Web
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/so2-poster-web 1/1
73%
17%
8%
2%<1%
motor vehicles
other mobile
industry
area based
biogenic
burning
How is sulfur dioxide measured?
nalysis of sulfur dioxide is based on uorescence spectroscopy principles.
ulfur dioxide has a strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption at a wavelength of
etween 200 and 240 nanometres (nm). The absorption of photons at these
avelengths results in the emission of uorescence photons at a higher avelength.
he ambient air sample is rst passed through a scrubber to remove chemicals
hat absorb at the same wavelength as SO2. The UV source, a zinc discharge
amp, radiates ultraviolet light at 215 nm into the reaction chamber where it
teracts with the SO2
molecules in the ambient air sample.
he uorescence emitted is detected and measured at a right angle to the beam
sing a photomultiplier (PM) tube. The amount of uorescence measured is
rectly proportional to the concentration of sulfur dioxide.
What is sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colourless gas with a sharp, irritating odour. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil)
and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur.
When sulfur dioxide combines with water, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. Acid rain can cause
deforestation, acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life and corrode building materials and paints.
Why is sulfur dioxide measured?
ulfur dioxide can affect the respiratory system, the functions of the lungs and
ritate people’s eyes.
When sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract it causes coughing, mucus
ecretion, aggravates conditions, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, and
makes people more prone to respiratory tract infections. It can attach itself to
articles and, if these particles are inhaled, these effects are increased.
n Queensland, heavy industry is not as intensive as in Europe and some parts
f northern America where the potential for acid rain formation from sulfur
oxide emissions is much higher.
Queensland’s weather conditions, and the low sulfur content of Australian fuels
so reduce the potential for the formation of acid rain here.
Air quality standards
The National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (Air
NEPM) standard for sulfur dioxide for a one-hour period is 0.20 parts per
million (ppm), which is below the concentration where sensitive members of
the population would be affected.
Sulfur dioxide concentrations in the ambient (outdoor) air in South East
Queensland are well below 0.20 ppm.
SULFUR DIOXIDE
Sulfur dioxide emissions are mostly generated from the burning of fuels
containing sulfur. Industrial facilities, particularly power stations and petroleum
reneries, contribute most sulfur dioxide emissions into the air in South East
Queensland.
Motor vehicle fuels have a low sulfur content compared to those used in industry
and shipping. Sulfur dioxide emissions from motor vehicles are low compared
to other forms of transport, such as shipping, boating, rail and air travel.
evels in South East Queensland have been consistently low due to the small
umber of sulfur dioxide emission sources in the region.
Sources of sulfur dioxide
SO2
or more information about air quality in Queensland, visit the Department of Environment and Resource Management
website <www.derm.qld.gov.au> or email <[email protected]>.
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
1 9 7 8
1 9 7 9
1 9 8 0
1 9 8 1
1 9 8 2
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 4
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 8
1 9 8 9
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 2
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 7
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2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 0
Days >0.200 ppm (EPP (Air) goal)
Days >0.050 ppm
