SNAP-ED NEEDS ASSESSMENT

State—Region 2019

Data Profile State—Region

2

Eligibility Breakdown 4

Demographic Breakdown 4

Food and Nutrition Breakdown

Youth

Adult

10

10

13

Physical Activity Breakdown

Youth

Adult

15

15

18

Quality of Life Breakdown

Youth

Adult

19

19

20

Methodology 23

Table of Contents

Contributors

Steve Smith, Research Scientist 2

Morgan O’Dell, Research Scientist 1

Yu-Yu Tien, Research Scientist 1

3

Introduction

The Washington State SNAP-Ed Needs Assessment State and Regional Data Profiles provide data on the

demographic and social characteristics of the SNAP-eligible population in Washington State as well as

specific diet and physical activity-related outcomes and behaviors of the population. Where possible, data

is broken down by state, region, and county for comparison across geographies. For diet and physical

activity-related data, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between SNAP-eligible and non-eligible

populations as well as significant differences between the region, county and state are noted.

The Data Profiles are divided into eight sections including:

Eligibility

Demographics

Youth Food and Nutrition

Adult Food and Nutrition

Youth Physical Activity

Adult Physical Activity

Youth Quality of Life

Adult Quality of Life

For this report, SNAP-eligible populations are defined as those residents (adult and youth) within 185% of

the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). For youth food and nutrition and physical activity data, SNAP-eligible

populations are those students eligible for the National School Lunch Program (free and reduced lunch). In

cases where data is not available for those within 185% FPL, poverty status is defined in the tables and

charts.

The information in this document serves as a snapshot of the SNAP-eligible population in Washington

State. Data and figures in these profiles can assist local, regional, and state SNAP-Ed practitioners and

community partners in identifying target audiences and interventions to meet the needs of their clients.

Further information and analysis on the SNAP-eligible population in Washington State is included in the

Washington State SNAP-Ed Needs Assessment.

Data sources include: U.S. Census Bureau American, Community Survey; Washington State Department of

Health, Center for Health Statistics, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; and Washington State

Department of Health Healthy Youth Survey.

4

Eligibility Breakdown

Figure 1. Percent of Population That is Eligible for SNAP-Ed, ACS 2013-2017

WA State 26%

Region 1 34%

Region 2 37%

Region 3 23%

Region 4 22%

Region 5 27%

Demographic Breakdown

Figure 2. Percent of the Population Living at or Below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Age Groups, ACS 2013-2017

Under 6

years 6 to 11 years

12 to 17 years

18 to 24 years

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 to 74 years

75 years and over

WA State 36% 34% 31% 40% 26% 22% 18% 18% 18% 27%

Region 1 48% 46% 38% 49% 38% 30% 23% 23% 22% 31%

Region 2 51% 50% 45% 52% 38% 35% 24% 20% 22% 31%

Region 3 30% 29% 26% 36% 23% 19% 15% 16% 17% 27%

Region 4 28% 28% 26% 37% 21% 17% 16% 16% 17% 25%

Region 5 39% 35% 32% 38% 31% 24% 20% 19% 18% 27%

5

Figure 3. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Sex, ACS 2013-2017

Male Female

WA State 15% 17%

Region 1 20% 21%

Region 2 21% 25%

Region 3 12% 15%

Region 4 13% 15%

Region 5 15% 17%

Figure 4. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, By Race/Ethnicity ACS 2013-2017

White Black or African

American

American Indian and

Alaska Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific

Islander

Some other race

Two or more races

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race)

WA State 14% 28% 32% 13% 24% 31% 20% 29%

Region 1 18% 40% 34% 18% 56% 36% 30% 32%

Region 2 21% 28% 37% 21% 28% 34% 26% 34%

Region 3 13% 19% 28% 12% 13% 30% 18% 26%

Region 4 11% 29% 28% 13% 24% 27% 18% 25%

Region 5 15% 26% 35% 14% 20% 34% 21% 31%

6

Figure 5. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Nativity, ACS 2013-2017

Native Foreign

born Naturalized

citizen

WA State 15% 20% 14%

Region 1 20% 26% 18%

Region 2 22% 30% 18%

Region 3 13% 17% 11%

Region 4 13% 18% 13%

Region 5 16% 20% 14%

Figure 6. Percent of Population 25 Years and Over Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Education, ACS 2013-2017

Population 25 years and over

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college or associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

WA State 13% 30% 17% 13% 6%

Region 1 17% 32% 21% 16% 7%

Region 2 17% 33% 19% 15% 7%

Region 3 11% 27% 14% 12% 5%

Region 4 11% 30% 16% 12% 5%

Region 5 14% 29% 17% 14% 6%

7

Figure 7. Percent of Population 16 to 64 Years Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Work Status, ACS 2013-2017

Population 16 to 64 years

Worked full-time, year-round Worked less than full-time,

year-round Did not work

WA State 15% 4% 22% 33%

Region 1 20% 6% 27% 39%

Region 2 22% 7% 32% 39%

Region 3 13% 3% 20% 30%

Region 4 13% 3% 20% 31%

Region 5 16% 4% 22% 33%

Figure 8. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Disability, ACS 2013-2017

With any disability No disability

WA State 26% 15%

Region 1 30% 19%

Region 2 28% 22%

Region 3 24% 12%

Region 4 25% 12%

Region 5 25% 15%

8

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9

Figure 10. Percent of Population with Health Insurance Living at or Below 150% of the Federal Poverty Level, ACS 2017

WA State 89%

Region 1 91%

Region 2 85%

Region 3 92%

Region 4 88%

Region 5 92%

Figure 11. Percent of Population Living at or Below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Types of Language Spoken At Home, ACS 2013-2017

Only English Spanish Other Indo-European languages

Asian and Pacific Island languages

Other languages

WA State 11% 22% 12% 12% 27%

Region 1 14% 24% 22% 19% 36%

Region 2 13% 24% 15% 17% 44%

Region 3 10% 18% 13% 10% 20%

Region 4 9% 20% 10% 13% 28%

Region 5 11% 23% 12% 11% 22%

10

* There is a significant difference in a behavior between the eligible and non-eligible population.

† Among the eligible population, there is a significant difference in a behavior between the region and the rest of WA.

Food and Nutrition Breakdown

Youth

Figure 13. Percent of Youth Drank 100% Fruit Juice in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 65%

WA Eligible* 71%

Region 1* 72%

Region 2† 66%

Region 3* 73%

Region 4* 69%

Region 5* 70%

Figure 14. Percent of Youth Ate Fruit in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 92%

WA Eligible* 90%

Region 1 90%

Region 2 90%

Region 3 91%

Region 4*† 88%

Region 5 89%

Figure 12. Percent of Youth That Ate Potato Chips in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 61%

WA Eligible* 57%

Region 1*† 60%

Region 2* 53%

Region 3 61%

Region 4* 56%

Region 5*† 53%

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in food and nutrition between the SNAP

eligible and non-eligible populations in all regions compared to Washington State, it includes data for both

youth and adults. Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP

eligible and non-eligible population and differences in behavior between the state and region.

11

Figure 15. Percent of Youth Ate Carrots in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 57%

WA Eligible* 50%

Region 1* 51%

Region 2 52%

Region 3 52%

Region 4*† 48%

Region 5 52%

Figure 16. Percent of Youth Ate Other Vegetables in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 85%

WA Eligible* 80%

Region 1* 79%

Region 2* 77%

Region 3 84%

Region 4* 80%

Region 5 81%

Figure 17. Percent of Youth Ate Potatoes in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 60%

WA Eligible* 58%

Region 1*† 60%

Region 2 57%

Region 3 58%

Region 4*† 54%

Region 5 57%

Figure 18. Percent of Youth Ate Green Salad in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 66%

WA Eligible* 59%

Region 1*† 61%

Region 2* 57%

Region 3† 65%

Region 4*† 57%

Region 5* 58%

12

Figure 19. Percent of Youth Ate 5 or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 18%

WA Eligible 18%

Region 1 18%

Region 2 20%

Region 3 17%

Region 4 18%

Region 5 18%

Figure 20. Percent of Youth Drank Sweet Drinks at Least Once in the Past 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 74%

WA Eligible* 79%

Region 1*† 81%

Region 2† 84%

Region 3 77%

Region 4*† 75%

Region 5* 79%

Figure 21. Percent of Youth that Had Skip or Cut Meals at Least Once in the Last 12 Months, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 9%

WA Eligible* 23%

Region 1* 23%

Region 2* 22%

Region 3*† 28%

Region 4* 22%

Region 5* 24%

Figure 22. Percent of Youth Ate Breakfast Today, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 64%

WA Eligible* 54%

Region 1*† 56%

Region 2*† 47%

Region 3 53%

Region 4* 56%

Region 5*† 48%

13

Adult

Figure 23. Percent of Adults Drank 100% Fruit Juice at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 40%

WA Eligible* 47%

Region 1 47%

Region 2 52%

Region 3* 50%

Region 4* 47%

Region 5 43%

Figure 24. Percent of Adults Ate Fruit at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 95%

WA Eligible* 91%

Region 1 92%

Region 2† 96%

Region 3 93%

Region 4* 89%

Region 5* 89%

Figure 25. Percent of Adults Ate Green Leafy or Lettuce Salad at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 90%

WA Eligible* 77%

Region 1* 81%

Region 2* 77%

Region 3* 81%

Region 4* 77%

Region 5* 73%

14

Figure 26. Percent of Adults Ate Orange-Colored Vegetables at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2015

WA Non-Eligible 69%

WA Eligible* 60%

Region 1* 59%

Region 2 56%

Region 3* 60%

Region 4* 63%

Region 5* 60%

Figure 27. Percent of Eligible Adults Ate Other Vegetable (Not Including Lettuce Salads and Potatoes) at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 96%

WA Eligible* 88%

Region 1 93%

Region 2* 88%

Region 3* 86%

Region 4* 86%

Region 5* 90%

Figure 28. Percent of Adults Ate Non-Fried Potatoes at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 56%

WA Eligible* 51%

Region 1 56%

Region 2* 47%

Region 3† 59%

Region 4 47%

Region 5* 53%

Figure 29. Percent of Adults Ate Fried Potato at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 50%

WA Eligible 49%

Region 1† 56%

Region 2* 49%

Region 3 51%

Region 4 47%

Region 5 46%

15

Figure 30. Percent of Adults Rarely or Never Stressed About Having Enough Money for Food in the Past 12 Months, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 90%

WA Eligible* 56%

Region 1*† 63%

Region 2* 55%

Region 3* 56%

Region 4* 55%

Region 5* 54%

Physical Activity

Youth

Figure 31. Percent of Youth Were Physically Active For at Least 60 Minutes For Five Days or More in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 56%

WA Eligible* 48%

Region 1*† 53%

Region 2* 49%

Region 3 47%

Region 4*† 42%

Region 5* 48%

Figure 32. On Average, Number of Days Youth Were Physically Active For at Least 60 Minutes in The Past 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 4.3

WA Eligible* 3.9

Region 1*† 4.1

Region 2* 4

Region 3 3.9

Region 4*† 3.5

Region 5* 4

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in physical activity between the SNAP eligible and non-

eligible populations in all regions compared to Washington State, it includes physical activity data for both youth and adults.

Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP eligible and non-eligible

population and differences in behavior between the state and region.

16

Figure 33. Percent of Youth Did Muscle Strengthening Exercises in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 74%

WA Eligible* 69%

Region 1*† 71%

Region 2* 69%

Region 3 67%

Region 4*† 65%

Region 5† 74%

Figure 34. On Average, Number of Days That Youth Did Muscle Strengthening Exercises in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 2.9

WA Eligible* 2.7

Region 1*† 2.9

Region 2* 2.7

Region 3† 2.4

Region 4*† 2.4

Region 5 2.8

Figure 35. Percent of Youth Walked or Biked to School at Least One Day in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 29%

WA Eligible* 40%

Region 1* 41%

Region 2* 40%

Region 3 35%

Region 4*† 43%

Region 5*† 33%

17

Figure 36. Percent of Youth Have At Least One Day PE Class per Week, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 48%

WA Eligible 49%

Region 1† 52%

Region 2*† 43%

Region 3 51%

Region 4† 42%

Region 5* 51%

Figure 37. On Average, Number of Days Youth Has a PE Class per Week, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 2.1

WA Eligible 2.1

Region 1† 2.4

Region 2*† 1.9

Region 3 2.0

Region 4† 1.9

Region 5 2.2

Figure 38. Percent of Youth Spend 30 Minutes or More per PE Class, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 41%

WA Eligible 41%

Region 1† 43%

Region 2* 38%

Region 3† 46%

Region 4† 35%

Region 5 42%

18

Adult

Figure 39. Percent of Adults Participated in 150 minutes of Moderate or 75 Minutes Vigorous Physical Activity per Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 62%

WA Eligible* 48%

Region 1* 49%

Region 2* 42%

Region 3† 56%

Region 4* 49%

Region 5* 48%

Figure 40. Percent of Eligible Adults Participated in Muscle Strengthening Exercise Two Days per Week, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 34%

WA Eligible* 29%

Region 1* 27%

Region 2 29%

Region 3 35%

Region 4* 29%

Region 5 28%

Figure 41. Percent of Adults Participated in Physical Activity Other Than Regular Job During the Past Month, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 84%

WA Eligible* 73%

Region 1* 72%

Region 2*† 67%

Region 3† 80%

Region 4* 74%

Region 5* 71%

19

Quality of Life Breakdown

Youth

Figure 44. Percent of Youth That Were Obese or Overweight, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 24%

WA Eligible* 36%

Region 1* 36%

Region 2* 37%

Region 3* 38%

Region 4* 35%

Region 5* 35%

Figure 42. Percent of Youth Watch Less Than 1 hour per Day or Don't Watch TV Shows, Movies, or Stream Videos, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 25%

WA Eligible* 21%

Region 1* 22%

Region 2 24%

Region 3 19%

Region 4*† 18%

Region 5 22%

Figure 43. Percent of Youth Play Less Than 1 hour per Day or Don't Play Video or Computer Games, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 44%

WA Eligible* 42%

Region 1* 43%

Region 2 43%

Region 3 45%

Region 4*† 39%

Region 5 41%

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in quality of life between the SNAP eligible and non-

eligible populations in all regions compared to Washington State, it includes quality of life data for both youth and adults.

Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP eligible and non-eligible

population and differences in behavior between the state and region.

20

Figure 45. Percent of Youth That Were Underweight, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 4%

WA Eligible* 3%

Region 1* 3%

Region 2 2%

Region 3 3%

Region 4 3%

Region 5 2%

Figure 46. Percent of Youth Always or Most of the Time Eat Dinner with Family, HYS 2018

WA Non-Eligible 64%

WA Eligible* 52%

Region 1* 54%

Region 2* 48%

Region 3* 48%

Region 4* 51%

Region 5*† 57%

Adult

Figure 47. Percent of Adults That Were Overweight or Obese, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 63%

WA Eligible 64%

Region 1 64%

Region 2 70%

Region 3* 58%

Region 4* 64%

Region 5 64%

21

Figure 48. Percent of Adults with Good or Better Health, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 89%

WA Eligible* 71%

Region 1* 73%

Region 2* 71%

Region 3* 73%

Region 4* 72%

Region 5* 67%

Figure 49. Percent of Adults with 14 or More Days of Poor Physical Health, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 9%

WA Eligible 20%

Region 1 22%

Region 2 16%

Region 3 18%

Region 4 20%

Region 5 25%

Figure 50. Percent of Adults with 14 or More Days of Poor Mental Health, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 9%

WA Eligible* 21%

Region 1* 19%

Region 2* 19%

Region 3* 22%

Region 4* 21%

Region 5† 22%

22

Figure 51. Percent of Adults with Diabetes, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 8%

WA Eligible* 13%

Region 1† 9%

Region 2 12%

Region 3 11%

Region 4* 13%

Region 5* 15%

Figure 52. Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 30%

WA Eligible 29%

Region 1 30%

Region 2* 25%

Region 3 31%

Region 4 27%

Region 5† 36%

Figure 53. Percent of Adults with High Cholesterol, BRFSS 2017

WA Non-Eligible 31%

WA Eligible 29%

Region 1 29%

Region 2 26%

Region 3 28%

Region 4 29%

Region 5 33%

23

Chi-square test

The Chi-squared test is used to test if there is a relationship between two categorical variables. For example, this test examines if there is a significantly difference in a behavior (such as eat fruit) between the eligible and non-eligible population. If the test indicates a statistically significant relationship, it suggests that the eligible population has a higher/lower rate of acting on the behavior (such as eating fruit) than the non-eligible population. Significance testing utilized chi-squared to compare eligible to non-eligible, region to state, and county to state for categorical variables.

Two independent samples t-test

An independent samples t-test is used to compare the means of a continuous variable between two independent groups. For example, this test examines if the average number of days being physically active differs between the eligible and non-eligible population. If the test indicates a statistically significant relationship, it suggested that the eligible population had a significantly more/less days of being physically active than the non-eligible population. Significance testing utilized t-tests to compare eligible to non-eligible, region to state, and county to state for continuous variables.

Healthy Youth Survey (HYS)

HYS is collaborative effort of OSPI, DOH, the Department of Social and Health Service’s Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery, and the Liquor and Cannabis Board. The voluntary survey provides important information about the health and well-being of youth in Washington, at the state, county and school district levels. A simple random sample of schools was recruited at the state level. The survey is administered in October of even years to students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. In the fall of 2018, more than 230,000 students took part in the survey in Washington State.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

The BRFSS is a yearly survey that measures changes in the health of people. The BRFSS collects data from adults aged 18 years or older. Most BRFSS data are gathered through telephone interviews. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) coordinates the survey, but it is conducted separately by each state. In Washington State, over 1,000 interviews are completed monthly.

American Community Survey (ACS)

The ACS is an ongoing survey by the U.S. Census Bureau. ACS is a national survey that uses continuous measurement methods. In this survey, a series of monthly samples produce annual estimates for the same small areas (census tracts and block groups) formerly surveyed via the decennial census long-form sample. ACS collects a great variety of information such as demographics, sociodemographic, housing, and family structure.

Methodology