Snakes and lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Opak River area, province of DaerahIstimewa Yogyakarta, IndonesiaDonan Satria Yudha, Rury Eprilurahman, Rianjani Pratiwi, Iman Akbar Muhtianda, Aisyah Arimbi, and HastinAmbar Asti Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1744, 020013 (2016); doi: 10.1063/1.4953487 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953487 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1744?ver=pdfcov Published by the AIP Publishing Articles you may be interested in Knowledge, behavior and socio-economic status of community in dengue endemic areas with increase andstable trends in Sleman district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia AIP Conf. Proc. 1744, 020059 (2016); 10.1063/1.4953533 Determination of ancient volcanic eruption center based on gravity methods (3D) in Gunungkidul areaYogyakarta, Indonesia AIP Conf. Proc. 1730, 050002 (2016); 10.1063/1.4947398 Application of the empirical orthogonal function to study the rainfall pattern in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakartaprovince AIP Conf. Proc. 1707, 050001 (2016); 10.1063/1.4940833 Estimation of underground structure at Prambanan area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia AIP Conf. Proc. 1658, 040003 (2015); 10.1063/1.4915036 Hunting the fifth force on the Snake River AIP Conf. Proc. 596, 123 (2001); 10.1063/1.1426798

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

Snakes and Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Opak River Area, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Donan Satria Yudha1, Rury Eprilurahman1, a), Rianjani Pratiwi2, Iman Akbar Muhtianda2, Aisyah Arimbi2 and Hastin Ambar Asti2

1Animal Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

2Herpetological Study Club, Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

a)Corresponding author: rurybiougm@ugm.ac.id

Abstract. Reptiles that commonly found in or on riverbanks are turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles. Nowadays, turtles and crocodiles are rarely found or seen the river which flows across human settlement especially in Java. The Opak River is one of the biggest rivers that flowing across Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Indonesia. The Opak River upstream is located on the southern slope of Mount Merapi, and it is estuary is located on the southern beach of DIY (Depok Beach), Bantul Regency. The research aimed to acquire data about the diversity of snakes and lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) along the Opak River in the DIY. The data of squamates diversity were acquired using a combination of several methods, i.e., VES (Visual Encounter Survey), riverbank cruising and transect. Sampling area generally divided into four locations, i.e., upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary. Species diversity of squamates in the Opak River consists of 11 species of lacertilians (lizards) and 16 species of serpents (snakes). The Opak River is a decent habitat for some lizards and snakes.

Keywords: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, diversity, lizards, snakes, the Opak River.

INTRODUCTION

A group of reptiles that are frequently found in, along and around rivers are turtles (order Testudinata), lizards and snakes (order Squamata: suborder Lacertilia and suborder Ophidia/Serpentes) and crocodiles (order Crocodylia). Turtles and crocodiles nowadays are rarely found in rivers that flow through the human settlement area. Both groups of reptiles, especially crocodiles are known to be hardly coexisting with humans. The inabilities of turtles for living in the area near the human settlement because they are slow-moving, tend to be passive and an alternative for human consumption, while crocodiles are wild (predatory opportunists and could attack human as prey) and feared by humans. People who see a crocodile in its region tend to hunt it down and kill it immediately.

Opak River is one of the major river crossings in the area of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Indonesia. The upstream of the Opak River located in the northern part of DIY, more precisely on the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Sleman Regency. The upstream riverbank is surrounded by dense riparian vegetation. The midstream of the Opak River is located in the eastern part of DIY Province. In some spots, midstream is surrounded by human settlement, an area of dense population; many houses built close to the river banks. On the midstream, the river also passes through on the west side of the Prambanan Temple. The downstream of the Opak River located in the southern part of DIY Province. The downstream is surrounded by rice fields with dense riparian vegetation while the estuary located south of DIY near Samas Beach i.e. around Depok, Bantul Regency.

The species diversity of reptiles (lizards and snakes/order Squamata) which inhabit in and around the river in the DIY Province is still not well known, and there is no recent published database. We need new information of these

Towards the sustainable use of biodiversity in a changing environment: From basic to applied researchAIP Conf. Proc. 1744, 020013-1–020013-8; doi: 10.1063/1.4953487

Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1401-3/$30.00

020013-1

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

Continued on next page

reptiles as a starting point of conservation especially reptiles that inhabit around the river in DIY. This research aimed to know the diversity of reptiles that are present along the Opak River, DIY Province. The data is useful to provide more detailed information and can be used as a reference for future research.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Specimens of reptiles (specifically Squamata: lizards and snakes) were collected from its habitats along the Opak River from the upstream, midstream, downstream to the estuary in the DIY Province. Chemicals (alcohol 70 %, 4 % formaldehyde, distilled water and chloroform) were used to preserve the specimens.

The research was conducted from June to July in 2013. Research location is along the Opak River from upstream in the northern part of DIY to the estuary in the southern part of DIY. The method used was line transect along 500 m per sampling point (location) with a combination of visual encounter surveys (VES) and river bank cruising. Transect line along 500 m was made on the middle part of the water body. Transect line was also made using the handheld GPS [1–3].

To facilitate the sampling, we divided the river into four parts, i.e.: upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary. Five sampling points (locations) were determined for each part (upstream, midstream and downstream). Meanwhile, the estuary was divided into four sampling points (locations) (Table 1). At each sampling points on the same day, there were two times data retrieval (sampling) which were day and night. Sampling during the day was expected to encounter diurnal reptiles while sampling in the evening is in order to get the nocturnal species. It was done to maximize the number of species found in the area.

TABLE 1. Sampling locations for lizards and snakes of the Opak River from upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary

River part Sampling Point (SP)

Code Locality Coordinate

Upstream

SP I Kecamatan*) Cangkringan, Kabupaten**) Sleman 7o38’41,52” LS 110o27’8,36” BT

SP II Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman 7o39’41,51” LS 110o27’16,14” BT

SP III Kecamatan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Sleman 7 o41’20,28” LS 110 27’56,33” BT

SP IV Kecamatan Kalasan, Kabupaten Sleman 7°41'53.06"S 110°28'3.82"T

SP V Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman 7o44’47,10” LS 110o 29’15,14” BT

Midstream

SP I Kecamatan Kalasan, Kabupaten Sleman 7°46'14.53"LS 110°28'50.45"BT

SP II Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman 7o47’17,06” LS 110 28’4,07” BT

SP III Kecamatan Berbah, Kabupaten Sleman 7o48’24,17” LS 110 o 27’32,31” BT

SP IV Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul 7o50’22,78” LS 110 26’59,93” BT

SP V Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul 7o51’24,02” LS 110 o 25’34,42” BT

Downstream

TS I Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 7o53’38,11” LS 110o23’14,99” BT

SP II Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 7o54’56,13” LS 110o21’57,79” BT

SP III Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 7o56’1,27” LS 110o21’57,79” BT

SP IV Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul 7o57’19,28” LS 110o21’51,86” BT

SP V Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul 7o59’22,98” LS 110o18’47,14” BT

020013-2

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

Table 1. Continued

Note : * Kecamatan = subdistrict ** Kabupaten = district ***Pantai = beach

All specimens of lizards and snakes (squamates, order Squamata) were collected, identified and documented.

One individual of each species was taken as a voucher specimen. Specimen was preserved using alcohol 70 % and labeled. Identification was done based on Manthey [4], de Rooij [5–6], van Hoesel [7] as well as Das [8].

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

On the upstream area, total numbers of squamates obtained were five species of lizards (member of the suborder Lacertilia) and 11 species of snakes (suborder Serpentes) (Table 2). There were three species of lizards encountered during the day, i.e.: Eutropis multifasciata (common sun skink), Draco sp. (flying lizard) and Varanus salvator (monitor lizard), and one species encountered during the night, i.e.: Gekko gecko (Gecko), while Broncochela jubata (maned forest lizard) was encountered two times during sampling day and night.

Eutropis multifasciata, Bronchocela jubata, Draco sp., and Varanus salvator are a diurnal animal. This means that their daily activity is in the day. Broncochela was found at night sampling because the animal was seen resting on branches and tree trunks. While Gekko gecko is a nocturnal animal which means their daily activity is at night.

TABLE 2. Lizards and snakes (Reptiles; Squamata) found on the upstream of the Opak River.

No. Lizards and Snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) found on upstream of Opak River

Suborder Family Species SP.1 SP.2 SP.3 SP.4 SP.5

1. Lacertilia Scincidae Eutropis multifasciata D D D D D 2. Agamidae Bronchocela jubata D / N N D D / N D / N 3. Draco sp. D - D - D 4. Gekkonidae Gekko gecko - N - - - 5. Varanidae Varanus salvator - - - - D

1. Serpentes Colubridae Dendrelaphis pictus D N N N D 2. Ptyas korros - N D - N 3. Ptyas mucosus - N - - - 4. Ahaetulla prasina N N D - N 5. Coelognathus flavolineata - - D - - 6. Oligodon biturquotus D - - - - 7. Pareas carinatus N - - - - 8. Natricidae Xenochrophis piscator - N D - - 9. Xenochrophis trianguligerus - N - N -

10. Homalopsidae Homalopsis buccata - - - - N Notes: SP = Sampling Point; D = Diurnal/ daylight; N = Nocturnal/ Night

River part Sampling Point (SP)

Code Locality Coordinate

Estuary

SP I Kecamatan Kretek (Pantai Depok), Kabupaten Bantul SP II Kecamatan Kretek (Pantai Depok), Kabupaten Bantul SP III Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul SP IV Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul

020013-3

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

Eleven species of snakes were found during sampling on the upstream. Those snakes were encountered while sampling either day or night. Two snakes; Ptyas mucosus (Indian rat snake) and Pareas carinatus (keeled slug-eating snake) are found in the night sampling only, whereas Coelognathus flavolineatus (yellow-striped trinket snake) and Oligodon bitorquotus (kukri snake) were encountered during the day.

Two lizards Eutropis multifasciata and Bronchocela jubata were encountered at all of the five sampling points on the upstream. One snake Dendrelaphis pictus (painted bronzeback snake) was found at all of the five sampling points on the upstream while Ahaetulla prasina (Oriental vine snake) was found in four sampling points. Bronchocela jubata, Dendrelaphis pictus, Ahaetulla prasina, Ptyas korros (Indo-Chinese/Javan rat snake) and Ptyas mucosus (oriental/Indian rat snake) are arboreal reptiles (lives on trees). The presence of those species shows that the upstream region of the Opak River still has enough vegetation, especially in the riparian and no or few human activities conducted near the river bank. This condition could be the reason why there were more species found in the upstream compared to other sampling sites.

Skink Eutropis multifasciata was encountered at all of the five sampling points. This indicates that the riverbanks of the upstream region of the Opak River are characterized by rocky land with many kinds of grass and herbs. These characteristics are suitable as a habitat for Eutropis (Fig. 1.a).

FIGURE 1. Lizards and snakes commonly found along the upstream of the Opak River, i.e.: (a) Eutropis multifasciata (common

sun skink); (b) Broncochela jubata (maned forest lizard); (c) Dendrelaphis pictus (painted bronzeback snake); and (d) Ahaetulla prasina (Oriental vine snake).

Water snakes were also found on the upstream of Opak River; those are Xenochrophis piscator (chequered

keelback water snake), Xenochrophis trianguligerus (triangle keelback) and Homalopsis buccata (puff-faced water snake). These three species are predators of small fishes, tadpoles, frogs and froglet, indicating that water body on the upstream is plenty. Some of water snakes’ prey species recorded are Poecilia reticulata (guppy fish), Dermogenys pusilla (wrestling halfbeak fish), Rasbora argyrotaenia (silver rasbora fish) and Nemacheilus fasciatus (barred loach fish), Occidozyga lima (green puddle frog), Occidozyga sumatrana (sumatran puddle frog), Fejervarya limnocharis (common pond frog) and Microhyla palmipes (palmated chorus frog) [9–10].

On the midstream of the Opak River, we found eight species of lizards and five species of snakes (Table 3). The lizard’s diversity on midstream is slightly different with the upstream. In midstream, there were three additional species of Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus frenatus (Asian/common house gecko), Gehyra mutilata (common four-

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

020013-4

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

clawed gecko) and Cyrtodactylus semiadii sp. nov. [11]. Two lizards Europis multifasciata and Broncochela jubata are found on all of the five sampling points. In addition, Hemidactylus frenatus was encountered at the four sampling points due to its high adaptation ability and able to live around/close to humans; thereby showing that several sampling point area is close enough to the human residence.

TABLE 3. Lizards and snakes (Reptiles; Squamata) found on the midstream of the Opak River.

No. Lizards and Snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) found on midstream of Opak River

Suborder Family Species SP.1 SP.2 SP.3 SP.4 SP.5

1. Lacertilia Scincidae Eutropis multifasciata D D D D D / N 2. Agamidae Bronchocela jubata D N N D / N D / N 3. Bronchocela cristatella D - - - - 4. Draco volans D - - - - 5. Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus D / N D D / N D / N - 6. Gehyra mutilate - - D - - 7. Cyrtodactylus semiadii - - - N - 8. Varanidae Varanus salvator - - D - -

1. Serpentes Colubridae Dendrelaphis pictus - D N D / N N 2. Ptyas korros - - - - N 3. Ahaetulla prasina - - - - N 4. Natricidae Xenochrophis piscator D - N N - 5. Elapidae Bungarus fasciatus - N - N -

Notes: SP = Sampling Point; D = Diurnal/daylight; N = Nocturnal/Night

One Species of gecko has been identified as new species from the genus Cyrtodactylus. The description of the

new species was done in collaboration with a researcher from the Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoology Division, Biological Research Centre–Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) in Cibinong, West Java. The species of this gecko apparently is a new species, namely Cyrtodactylus semiadii (Fig. 2). This new species of Cyrtodactylus, which is found on riverbank of the Opak River, is then inserted in the publication of Mr. Awal Riyanto (researcher of Herpetology in LIPI) that also found Cyrtodactylus semiadii in Tuban area West Java [11].

(a) (b)

FIGURE 2. Gecko X (Cyrtodactylus semiadii), a new species of bent-toed gecko found along midstream of the Opak River, (a) view of the dorsal body; (b) tail or ventral posterior view.

Snakes encountered during sampling on midstream are few compared to upstream. There were only five species

of snakes i.e.: Dendrelaphis pictus, Ptyas korros, Ahaetulla prasina, Xenochrophis piscator and Bungarus fasciatus (banded krait). Few numbers of snake’s species were found on the midstream probably due to the activities of traditional volcanic sand and stone mining along midstream. Also, midstream is close to human settlement. There

020013-5

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

are three arboreal snakes found on midstream; it could indicate that the riparian vegetation along midstream still quite dense. Only one species of water snake is encountered probably due to the density of traditional volcanic sand and stone mining from morning to afternoon. Therefore, that area is rarely used by snakes for their activities.

On the downstream, there were five species of lizards and six species of snakes found during sampling. Those lizards and snakes were encountered during the day and night sampling (Table 4). Those five species of lizards found on downstream are the same species found in upstream and midstream (Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4). Four out of five species of lizards found are arboreal lizards, i.e.: Broncochela jubata, Draco volans, Hemidactylus frenatus and Gehyra mutilata.

TABLE 4. Lizards and snakes (Reptiles; Squamata) found on the downstream of the Opak River.

No. Lizards and Snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) found on downstream of Opak River

Suborder Family Species SP.1 SP.2 SP.3 SP.4 SP.5

1. Lacertilia Scincidae Eutropis multifasciata D / N D D D - 2. Agamidae Bronchocela jubata D / N N D / N D / N D / N 3. Draco volans D D D - D 4. Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus D / N - D / N N D 5. Gehyra mutilate - - N - -

1. Serpentes Colubridae Dendrelaphis pictus N N - N - 2. Ptyas korros D / N N - - - 3. Ahaetulla prasina - - - D - 4. Natricidae Rhabdophis subminiatus N - - - - 5. Homalopsidae Homalopsis buccata - N - - - 6. Typhlopidae Rampotyphlops braminus - N - - -

Notes: SP = Sampling Point; D = Diurnal/ daylight; N = Nocturnal/ Night

Five out of six snake’s species are found along downstream, mostly at night, but it does not reflect the nocturnal

activity of those snakes. Some diurnal snakes could be observed and encountered during the night, i.e.: Dendrelaphis pictus, Ptyas korros and Ahaetulla prasina. They are arboreal snakes. Once they are resting on branching trees in the night, it is easy to observe and collect. We also encounter a small-sized subterranean snake, i.e.: Rampotyphlops braminus (brahminy blindsnake). This blindsnake found beneath litters and loose soil on the riverbank at night (Fig. 3).

(a) (b)

FIGURE 3. Rampotyphlops braminus (brahminy blind snake); a subterranean small-sized snake found along downstream of the Opak River.

Squamata is encountered on the estuary of the Opak River are one species of lizards and three species of snakes

(Table 5). One species of lizards found is: Hemidactylus frenatus; this type of lizard has a high adaptation ability to

020013-6

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

live in the human environment. In addition, this lizard’s habitat is on trees, so the water salinity does not affect them. During sampling, we did not found any terrestrial lizards.

TABLE 5. Lizards and snakes (Reptiles; Squamata) found on the estuary of the Opak River.

No. Lizards and snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) found in the estuary of Opak River (Samas Beach)

Suborder Family Species SP.1 SP.2 SP.3 SP.4

1. Lacertilia Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus - - - N

2. Serpentes Colubridae Dendrelaphis pictus - - - N

Ptyas korros - D - N 3. Elapidae Pelamis platura D - - -

Notes: SP = Sampling Point; D = Diurnal/daylight; N = Nocturnal/Night

Three species of snakes found in the estuary of the Opak River are Dendrelaphis pictus, Ptyas korros and Pelamis platura (yellow-bellied sea snake). Two first arboreal snakes showed that there was still riparian vegetation in some area around estuary. Pelamis platura is an aquatic marine snake indicating changes in water salinity is not a problem for this snake to enter and inhabit at the estuary. Pelamis platura snake often utilizes the estuary to rest, to mate and reproduce during the mating season because the condition of the estuary which is quieter and without the furious waves. Pelamis platura is also high venomous sea snakes (Fig. 4). This sea snake was encountered while sampling during the day. It is encountered in died condition with the head already somewhat broken, but other body parts intact and not yet rotten. The snake possibly died because it was attacked by predators, especially birds, because predators typically target the head for deadly venomous prey.

(a) (b)

FIGURE 4. Sea snake Pelamis platura, (a) dorsal body; and (b) paddle-like tail, the characteristics of sea snakes.

CONCLUSION

Along the Opak River, there were eleven species of lizards (suborder Lacertilia) and 16 species of snakes (suborder Serpentes) found between June and July of 2013. There are eight species of arboreal lizards and two species of terrestrial lizards among lizards found. For snakes, there are four species of arboreal snakes, four species of aquatic and semi-aquatic snakes, one terrestrial species, one species of subterranean and one species of marine snake (sea snakes).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thanked Drs. Trijoko, M.Si. (the head of the laboratory of the Animal Systematics, Universitas Gadjah Mada) for allowing us to work and discuss in the laboratory; Awal Riyanto (Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science–LIPI) for discussing the bent-toed gecko specimen; M. Faisal Alawi, Asmaa Anugerah Tarekat and other students in Herpetological Study Club (KSH) Faculty of Biology UGM for their help

020013-7

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47

during data sampling in the field and laboratory work. The fieldwork was supported by BOPTN Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

REFERENCES

1. R. G. Jaeger, “Transect Sampling”, in Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standar Methods for Amphibians, edited by W. R. Heyer et al.(Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 1994), pp. 103–106.

2. M. L. Crump and N. J. Scott, Jr., “Visual Encounter Surveys “ 1994, in Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standar Methods for Amphibians, edited by W. R. Heyer et al. (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 1994), pp. 84–92.

3. M. D. Kusrini, Pedoman Penelitian dan Survei Amfibi di Alam [Research and Survey Guide of Amphibian in Nature](Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor, 2009), pp. 69–82. [Bahasa Indonesia].

4. U. Manthey, Agamid Lizards of Southern Asia; Draconinae 1st Edition ( Chimaira, Germany, 2008), p. 1-160. 5. N. De Rooij, The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria (E. J. Brill

Ltd., Leiden, 1915), pp. 283. 6. N. De Rooij, The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia (E. J. Brill Ltd., Leiden, 1917), pp.

1–286 7. J. K. P. van Hoesel, Ophidia Javanica (Kementerian Pertanian. Lembaga Pusat Penjelidikan Alam. Museum

Zoologicum Bogoriense. Pertjetakan Archipel, Bogor 1959), pp.188. 8. I. Das, A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-east Asia (New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd., London, 2010),

pp. 376. 9. Trijoko, “Keragaman Ikan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Opak Pasca Erupsi Merapi 2010,” [Fish Diversity in Opak

River After Merapi Eruption 2010] Laporan Akhir Penelitian, Laboratorium Sistematika Hewan Fakultas Biologi, UGM, 2013. [Bahasa Indonesia]

10. D. S. Yudha, R. Eprilurahman, Trijoko, M. F. Alawi and A. A. Tarekat, Keanekaragaman Jenis Katak dan Kodok (Ordo Anura) di Sepanjang Sungai Opak, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, [Diversity of Frogs and Toads Species (Anura Order ) along The Opak River, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta] Jurnal Biologi 18(2), 52–59 (2014). [Bahasa Indonesia]

11. A. Riyanto, A. M. Bauer and D. S. Yudha, A new small karst-dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia, Zootaxa 3785(4), 589–599 (2014).

020013-8

Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47